The red-browed finch (Neochmia temporalis) is an estrildid finch that inhabits the east coast of Australia. This species has also been introduced to French Polynesia. It is commonly found in temperate forest and dry savannah habitats. It may also be found in dry forest and mangrove habitats in tropical region.
The species is distinguished by the bright red stripe above the eye, and bright red rump. The rest of the body is grey, with olive wing coverts and collar. Juveniles do not have red brow marks, and lack olive colouration on the collar and wing coverts. The adults are 11–12 cm long.[2]
The red-browed finch was first described by the English ornithologist John Latham in 1801 under the binomial nameFringilla temporalis.[3] It is one of four species in the genus Neochmia. Alternate names include red-browed firetail, Sydney waxbill and redbill.[4][5]
The species was once allied to genus Emblema.[5] There are three noted subspecies: the nominate species N. temporalis temporalis, in most of the east coast, and inland New South Wales and Victoria; N. temporalis minor, which is distinguished by a white breast, in northern New south Wales Ellalong, and south-east of Australia, and N. temporalis loftyi in the south west corner of South Australia, although the latter is sometimes not listed as a subspecies, as the differences between it and the type species are relatively minor.[2]
Conservation status
The finch is common in the south east of its range, from Brisbane to Melbourne. Subspecies N. t. minor is common between Cooktown and Townsville.[2] The species is listed as being of least concern on the IUCN Red List.[1][6] There are no key threatening processes for N. temporalis, although the Pest Animal Control CRC suggests that the introduced nutmeg mannikin (Lonchura punctulata), which currently threatens some native mannikins through increased competition, may be a minor threat to N. lateralis in northern Queensland.[7]
In regional areas the species needs adequate shrub density to provide cover and foraging places. The species has been noted to decline or even disappear in areas that have been cleared or grazed, especially in combination with drought.[8]
Biology and ecology
The red-browed finch is highly sociable, and is usually seen in small flocks of 10 to 20 individuals. Flocks are sedentary or nomadic in their local area. Flocks prefer semi-open woodland, especially edges of forests, where brushy scrub meets cleared areas, especially near creeks.
The finch makes short, piping high-pitched cheeps. When disturbed, the whole flock will disperse, cheeping, and re-congregate near-by.
N. temporalis is a seed eater, living mostly on grass and sedge seed, but will happily feed on many non-native seeds. Wild birds will even enter large-mesh aviaries in suburban areas to eat seed, given the opportunity.[9]
The red-browed finch builds a large domed nest with a side entrance, woven from grass and small twigs. Nests are usually built 2–3 metres above the ground in dense shrubs. Nesting is communal. Both parents share nest building, incubation of the eggs, and feed the young together.[10] Four to six white eggs are laid per clutch two or three times per year, between October and April. Juveniles are fully independent within 28 days.[11]
^ abBirdLife International (2018). "Neochmia temporalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22719666A132130886. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22719666A132130886.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
^ abcMorcombe, Michael K. (2003). Field guide to Australian birds (Compact ed.). Archerfield, Qld: Steve Parish Publishing.
^Latham, John (1801). Supplementum indicis ornithologici sive systematis ornithologiae (in Latin). London: Leigh & Sotheby. p. xlviii.
^Birds Australia (19 February 2007). "Bird Finder: Red-browed Finch". Birds in Backyards. Sydney: Australian Museum. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
^ abcMorcombe, Michael (1986). The Great Australian Birdfinder. Sydney: Lansdowne Press. p. 394. ISBN978-0-7018-1962-0.
^Butchart, Stuart; Jonathan Ekstrom; Matt Harding (2009). "Species factsheet: Neochmia temporalis". BirdLife. Retrieved 2010-04-22.
^Norris, Andrew; Tim Low; Iain Gordon; Glen Saunders; Steven Lapidge; Keryn Lapidge; Tony Peacock; Roger Pech (June 2005). Review of the management of feral animals and their impact on biodiversity in the Rangelands(PDF). Pest Animal Control CRC.
^Ford, Hugh A.; Geoffrey W. Barrett; Denis A. Saunders; Harry F. Recher (January 2001). "Why have birds in the woodlands of Southern Australia declined?". Biological Conservation. 97 (1): 71–88. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00101-4. ISSN 0006-3207.
^Todd, M. K. (1996). "Diet and Foraging Behaviour of Red-browed Finches Neochmia temporalis Near Newcastle, New South Wales". Emu. 96 (4): 245–249. doi:10.1071/MU9960245. ISSN 0158-4197.
^DEWHA (2010-12-02). Neochmia ruficauda clarescens. Species Profile and Threats Database. Canberra: Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Retrieved 2010-04-23.
External links
BirdLife International species factsheet
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Neochmia temporalis.
April 03, 2023
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The red browed finch Neochmia temporalis is an estrildid finch that inhabits the east coast of Australia This species has also been introduced to French Polynesia It is commonly found in temperate forest and dry savannah habitats It may also be found in dry forest and mangrove habitats in tropical region Red browed finchConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder PasseriformesFamily EstrildidaeGenus NeochmiaSpecies N temporalisBinomial nameNeochmia temporalis Latham 1801 Approximate distribution in redThe species is distinguished by the bright red stripe above the eye and bright red rump The rest of the body is grey with olive wing coverts and collar Juveniles do not have red brow marks and lack olive colouration on the collar and wing coverts The adults are 11 12 cm long 2 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Conservation status 3 Biology and ecology 4 Gallery 5 References 6 External linksTaxonomy EditThe red browed finch was first described by the English ornithologist John Latham in 1801 under the binomial name Fringilla temporalis 3 It is one of four species in the genus Neochmia Alternate names include red browed firetail Sydney waxbill and redbill 4 5 The species was once allied to genus Emblema 5 There are three noted subspecies the nominate species N temporalis temporalis in most of the east coast and inland New South Wales and Victoria N temporalis minor which is distinguished by a white breast in northern New south Wales Ellalong and south east of Australia and N temporalis loftyi in the south west corner of South Australia although the latter is sometimes not listed as a subspecies as the differences between it and the type species are relatively minor 2 Conservation status EditThe finch is common in the south east of its range from Brisbane to Melbourne Subspecies N t minor is common between Cooktown and Townsville 2 The species is listed as being of least concern on the IUCN Red List 1 6 There are no key threatening processes for N temporalis although the Pest Animal Control CRC suggests that the introduced nutmeg mannikin Lonchura punctulata which currently threatens some native mannikins through increased competition may be a minor threat to N lateralis in northern Queensland 7 In regional areas the species needs adequate shrub density to provide cover and foraging places The species has been noted to decline or even disappear in areas that have been cleared or grazed especially in combination with drought 8 Biology and ecology EditThe red browed finch is highly sociable and is usually seen in small flocks of 10 to 20 individuals Flocks are sedentary or nomadic in their local area Flocks prefer semi open woodland especially edges of forests where brushy scrub meets cleared areas especially near creeks The finch makes short piping high pitched cheeps When disturbed the whole flock will disperse cheeping and re congregate near by N temporalis is a seed eater living mostly on grass and sedge seed but will happily feed on many non native seeds Wild birds will even enter large mesh aviaries in suburban areas to eat seed given the opportunity 9 The red browed finch builds a large domed nest with a side entrance woven from grass and small twigs Nests are usually built 2 3 metres above the ground in dense shrubs Nesting is communal Both parents share nest building incubation of the eggs and feed the young together 10 Four to six white eggs are laid per clutch two or three times per year between October and April Juveniles are fully independent within 28 days 11 Red browed finches are common aviary birds The red browed finch will sometimes hybridise with the star finch crimson finch and zebra finch if kept together in captivity 12 The species has been introduced to southwest Australia where it is sometimes confused with the red eared firetail Stagonopleura oculata 5 Gallery Edit Mating male with display stalk Red browed finch North QueenslandReferences Edit a b BirdLife International 2018 Neochmia temporalis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T22719666A132130886 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T22719666A132130886 en Retrieved 12 November 2021 a b c Morcombe Michael K 2003 Field guide to Australian birds Compact ed Archerfield Qld Steve Parish Publishing Latham John 1801 Supplementum indicis ornithologici sive systematis ornithologiae in Latin London Leigh amp Sotheby p xlviii Birds Australia 19 February 2007 Bird Finder Red browed Finch Birds in Backyards Sydney Australian Museum Retrieved 8 October 2011 a b c Morcombe Michael 1986 The Great Australian Birdfinder Sydney Lansdowne Press p 394 ISBN 978 0 7018 1962 0 Butchart Stuart Jonathan Ekstrom Matt Harding 2009 Species factsheet Neochmia temporalis BirdLife Retrieved 2010 04 22 Norris Andrew Tim Low Iain Gordon Glen Saunders Steven Lapidge Keryn Lapidge Tony Peacock Roger Pech June 2005 Review of the management of feral animals and their impact on biodiversity in the Rangelands PDF Pest Animal Control CRC Ford Hugh A Geoffrey W Barrett Denis A Saunders Harry F Recher January 2001 Why have birds in the woodlands of Southern Australia declined Biological Conservation 97 1 71 88 doi 10 1016 S0006 3207 00 00101 4 ISSN 0006 3207 Todd M K 1996 Diet and Foraging Behaviour of Red browed Finches Neochmia temporalis Near Newcastle New South Wales Emu 96 4 245 249 doi 10 1071 MU9960245 ISSN 0158 4197 Birds in Backyards 2007 02 19 Red browed Finch Neochmia temporalis Fact sheet BirdsinBackyards net Retrieved 2010 04 23 BirdCare 2008 01 29 Red browed Finch or Aegintha temporalis BirdCare com au Retrieved 2010 04 23 DEWHA 2010 12 02 Neochmia ruficauda clarescens Species Profile and Threats Database Canberra Department of the Environment Water Heritage and the Arts Retrieved 2010 04 23 External links EditBirdLife International species factsheet Wikimedia Commons has media related to Neochmia temporalis Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Red browed finch amp oldid 1125300009, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
