Raoul Heinrich Francé (born May 20, 1874 in Vienna, Austria; died October 3, 1943 in Budapest, Hungary) was an Austro-Hungarian botanist, microbiologist as well as a natural and cultural philosopher and popularizer of science. His botanical author abbreviation is "Francé".
Poppy and Pepperpot (biomimetics) image from Die Pflanze als Erfinder, 1920
Raoul Heinrich Francé (birth name: Rudolf Heinrich Franze[1]) was born on 20 May 1874 in Altlerchenfeld (Vienna) and studied as a self-taught very early in analytical chemistry and "Mikrotechnik" (microscopy). At 16 he was the youngest member of the Royal Hungarian scientific society, as its deputy magazine editor, he worked from 1893 to 1898. From 1897 Francé studied biology for eight semesters and became a student under the Hungarian protozoa scientist (Protozoenforscher) Geza Entz. During this time he undertook fourteen botanical expeditions. In 1898 he was appointed Deputy Head of the Institute of Plant Protection of Agricultural Academy in Hungarian-Altenburg. Here he published his first natural philosophical work. Thereupon Francé received in 1902 the invitation to come to Munich. In 1906 he founded the "Deutsche Mikrologische Gesellschaft" (German micrological Company) and its institution over which he presided as director. He was editor of this company and co-founder of the journal Mikrokosmos (1907). He was editor of other periodicals, such as Jahrbuch für Mikroskopiker and Mikrologische Bibliothek.
In 1906 Francé initiated the eight-volume monumental work Das Leben der Pflanze ("The Life of Plants"), whose first four volumes (1906–1910) are from his own pen. The publishing company advertised this book as "Pflanzen-Brehm" ("Plant-Brehm", after the famous book "Brehms Tierleben").
In 1922, he published a popular version of the scientific evidence on the soil biota in a booklet "Das Leben im Ackerboden" (Life in the soil).
Throughout his busy life he wrote 60 books and a variety of popular science articles and writings.
Francé's Germs of Mind in Plants was his only book translated into English by A. M Simons. The book revolted against mechanistic botany and argued that plants are like humans because they have a sense life and purpose. Francé was not satisfied with the position held by neuropsychology but he did not claim that plants can feel pain or have a soul.[2] It was negatively reviewed as a philosophical, not a scientific work.[3]
In the "Walter Seifert Verlag" he was the editor of the journal Telos – Halbmonatsschrift für Arbeit und Erfolg) ("Telos – Fortnightly Magazine for Work and Success"). As a renowned graphic artist Francé developed the technique of "feather stitch" (Federstich), which is rooted in the copper engraving (Kupferstich).
Stages of his life are Dinkelsbühl, Wroclaw, Salzburg, Munich and Dubrovnik-Ragusa. In his life he wrote many books in which he anticipated many modern ecological ideas. Francé died of leukemia in 1943 in Budapest. He is buried together with his wife in Oberalm, Austria.
Organic farming is based in part on the findings by Francé, which were published in his books "Das Edaphon" (wikt:edaphon, any animal or plant found in soil), 1913, and "Das Leben im Ackerboden", 1922, (Life in the soil) and a series of articles in the journal Mikrokosmos made available for a broad public. But this scientific source is usually concealed.
His wife Annie Francé-HarrarAnnie Francé-Harrar, a well-known biologist and author, worked many years with him and continued after his death in 1943 parts of his scientific work.
Today Raoul H. Francé is rediscovered as the founder of "Biotechnik" (Now called "Bionics"). His books Das Edaphon and Das Leben im Ackerboden were again published as reprints since 1959.[5] Many of his then and now progressive ideas only gained its assessment at the end of the 20th century.
Die Kultur von morgen. Ein Buch der Erkenntnis und der Gesundung. Dresden 1922
Ewiger Wald. Ein Buch für Wanderer. Leipzig 1922
Süd-Bayern. Berlin 1922
Das wirkliche Naturbild. Dresden 1923
Der unbekannte Mensch. Stuttgart und Heilbronn 1923
Die Entdeckung der Heimat. Stuttgart 1923
Die Welt als Erleben. Grundriß einer objektiven Philosophie. (Grundlagen einer objektiven Philosophie VI). Dresden 1923
Plasmatik. Die Wissenschaft der Zukunft. Stuttgart und Heilbronn 1923
Das Buch des Lebens. Ein Weltbild der Gegenwart. Berlin 1924
Die Seele der Pflanze. Berlin 1924
Grundriß einer vergleichenden Biologie. (Grundlagen einer objektiven Philosophie I). Leipzig 1924
Richtiges Leben. Ein Buch für jedermann. Leipzig 1924
Telos, die Gesetze des Schaffens. Dresden 1924
Das Land der Sehnsucht. Berlin 1925
Der Dauerwald. 1925
Der Ursprung des Menschen. Stuttgart und Heilbronn 1926
Bios - Die Gesetze der Welt. Taschenbuchausgabe Leipzig: Kröner 1926
Der Weg zu mir. Der Lebenserinnerungen erster Teil. Leipzig 1927
Phoebus. München 1927
Vom deutschen Walde. Berlin 1927
Der Organismus. München 1928
Naturgesetze der Heimat. Wien und Leipzig 1928
Urwald. Stuttgart 1928
Welt, Erde und Menschheit. Berlin 1928
Die Waage des Lebens. Eine Bilanz der Kultur. Leipzig 1929
So musst du leben! Eine Anleitung zum richtigen Leben. Dresden 1929
Das Leben vor der Sintflut. Berlin 1930
Korallenwelt. Der siebente Erdteil. Stuttgart 1930
Lebender Braunkohlenwald. Eine Reise durch die heutige Urwelt. Stuttgart 1932
Naturbilder. Wien 1932
Braunkohle - Sonnenkraft. Berlin 1934
Von der Arbeit zum Erfolg. Ein Schlüssel zum besseren Leben. Dresden 1934
Sehnsucht nach dem Süden. Gemeinsam mit Annie Francé-Harrar. Leipzig 1938
Luft als Rohstoff. 1939
Lebenswunder der Tierwelt. Eine Tierkunde für Jedermann. Berlin 1940
Leben und Wunder des deutschen Waldes. Berlin 1943
New editions
Die Entdeckung der Heimat. Reprint (1923). Mit einer Einführung von Gerhard Tenschert. Asendorf 1982
Das Leben im Boden. Das Edaphon. Reprint (Das Edaphon 1913 and Das Leben im Ackerboden 1922). Einführung von René Roth, Ontario/Kanada, Edition Siebeneicher, Deukalion Verlag 1995
Andreas Daum, Wissenschaftspopularisierung im 19. Jahrhundert: Bürgerliche Kultur, naturwissenschaftliche Bildung und die deutsche Öffentlichkeit, 1848–1914. Munich: Oldenbourg, 1998, ISBN3-486-56337-8, end. edition 2002, including a short biography.
René Romain Roth: Raoul Heinrich Francé And The Doctrine Of Life. 2000. Biography. [7]
Stephen Sokoloff: Raoul Francé's Heritage - A Nightmare for Specialists. 1993. [8]
Oliver Botar: Raoul Heinrich France and Early 20th Century Central European Biocentrism. 2010 [9]
Martin Müllerott (1961), "Francé, Raoul", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 5, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 313–314; (full text online)
Klaus Henkel: "Die Renaissance des Raoul Heinrich Francé." Mikrokosmos, 86 (1): 3-16, 1997
Werner Nachtigall: "Der Bildungswert der Kleinwelt. Was bedeuten R. H. Francés „Gedanken über mikroskopische Studien“ für unsere Zeit?" Mikrokosmos, 86 (6): 321–328, 1997
^René von Romain Roth, Raoul H. Francé And The Doctrine Of Life (in German)
^Porter, James P. (1906). "Reviewed Work: Germs of Mind in Plants by R. H. Francé, A. M. Simons". The American Journal of Psychology. 17 (2): 289. doi:10.2307/1412404. JSTOR 1412404.
^C. R. B. (1906). "Germs of Mind in Plants". Botanical Gazette. 41 (2): 148. doi:10.1086/328734. JSTOR 2466142. S2CID 224837306.
^"Franceia Lemmermann, 1898 :: Algaebase". www.algaebase.org. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
Stiftung Raoul Heinrich Francé and Annie Francé-Harrar
Mikrokosmos. Journal founded by Raoul Heinrich Francé.
March 15, 2023
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This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations June 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Raoul Heinrich France born May 20 1874 in Vienna Austria died October 3 1943 in Budapest Hungary was an Austro Hungarian botanist microbiologist as well as a natural and cultural philosopher and popularizer of science His botanical author abbreviation is France Raoul Heinrich FranceBornMay 20 1874Vienna AustriaDiedOctober 3 1943Budapest HungaryNationalityAustro HungarianOther namesFrance botanical author abbreviation Occupation s Botanist microbiologist natural philosopher and cultural philosopher Contents 1 Biography 2 Legacy 3 Works 4 New editions 5 Literature 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksBiography Edit Poppy and Pepperpot biomimetics image from Die Pflanze als Erfinder 1920 Raoul Heinrich France birth name Rudolf Heinrich Franze 1 was born on 20 May 1874 in Altlerchenfeld Vienna and studied as a self taught very early in analytical chemistry and Mikrotechnik microscopy At 16 he was the youngest member of the Royal Hungarian scientific society as its deputy magazine editor he worked from 1893 to 1898 From 1897 France studied biology for eight semesters and became a student under the Hungarian protozoa scientist Protozoenforscher Geza Entz During this time he undertook fourteen botanical expeditions In 1898 he was appointed Deputy Head of the Institute of Plant Protection of Agricultural Academy in Hungarian Altenburg Here he published his first natural philosophical work Thereupon France received in 1902 the invitation to come to Munich In 1906 he founded the Deutsche Mikrologische Gesellschaft German micrological Company and its institution over which he presided as director He was editor of this company and co founder of the journal Mikrokosmos 1907 He was editor of other periodicals such as Jahrbuch fur Mikroskopiker and Mikrologische Bibliothek In 1906 France initiated the eight volume monumental work Das Leben der Pflanze The Life of Plants whose first four volumes 1906 1910 are from his own pen The publishing company advertised this book as Pflanzen Brehm Plant Brehm after the famous book Brehms Tierleben In 1922 he published a popular version of the scientific evidence on the soil biota in a booklet Das Leben im Ackerboden Life in the soil Throughout his busy life he wrote 60 books and a variety of popular science articles and writings France s Germs of Mind in Plants was his only book translated into English by A M Simons The book revolted against mechanistic botany and argued that plants are like humans because they have a sense life and purpose France was not satisfied with the position held by neuropsychology but he did not claim that plants can feel pain or have a soul 2 It was negatively reviewed as a philosophical not a scientific work 3 In the Walter Seifert Verlag he was the editor of the journal Telos Halbmonatsschrift fur Arbeit und Erfolg Telos Fortnightly Magazine for Work and Success As a renowned graphic artist France developed the technique of feather stitch Federstich which is rooted in the copper engraving Kupferstich Stages of his life are Dinkelsbuhl Wroclaw Salzburg Munich and Dubrovnik Ragusa In his life he wrote many books in which he anticipated many modern ecological ideas France died of leukemia in 1943 in Budapest He is buried together with his wife in Oberalm Austria Legacy EditIn 1898 botanist Ernst Lemmermann published Franceia which is a genus of green algae belonging to the family Oocystaceae and named in Raoul Heinrich France s honour 4 Organic farming is based in part on the findings by France which were published in his books Das Edaphon wikt edaphon any animal or plant found in soil 1913 and Das Leben im Ackerboden 1922 Life in the soil and a series of articles in the journal Mikrokosmos made available for a broad public But this scientific source is usually concealed His wife Annie France Harrar Annie France Harrar a well known biologist and author worked many years with him and continued after his death in 1943 parts of his scientific work Today Raoul H France is rediscovered as the founder of Biotechnik Now called Bionics His books Das Edaphon and Das Leben im Ackerboden were again published as reprints since 1959 5 Many of his then and now progressive ideas only gained its assessment at the end of the 20th century In Munich and Dinkelsbuhl a street bears his name Works Edit Protozoa from Die Pflanze als Erfinder 1920 Germs of Mind in Plants 1905 1 Das Sinnesleben der Pflanzen 1905 2 Les sens de la plante 2013 3 Die Natur in den Alpen Leipzig 1910 Die Alpen gemeinverstandlich dargestellt Leipzig 1912 Die silbernen Berge Stuttgart 1912 Die Welt der Pflanze Berlin 1912 Das Edaphon Untersuchungen zur Oekologie der bodenbewohnenden Mikroorganismen Munchen 1913 4 5 Die Gewalten der Erde Berlin 1913 Spaziergange im Hausgarten Leipzig 1914 Die technischen Leistungen der Pflanzen Grundlagen einer objektiven Philosophie II Leipzig 1919 Einfuhrung in die wissenschaftliche Photographie Gemeinsam mit Gambera Stuttgart 1920 Das Gesetz des Lebens Leipzig 1920 Der Weg der Kultur Leipzig 1920 Die Pflanze als Erfinder Stuttgart 1920 Munchen Die Lebensgesetze einer Stadt Grundlagen einer objektiven Philosophie III Teil Munchen 1920 Zoesis Eine Einfuhrung in die Gesetze der Welt Munchen 1920 Bios Die Gesetze der Welt Grundlagen einer objektiven Philosophie IV V Teil Stuttgart und Heidelberg 1921 Das Leben der Pflanze Stuttgart 1921 Das Leben im Ackerboden Stuttgart 1922 6 Die Kultur von morgen Ein Buch der Erkenntnis und der Gesundung Dresden 1922 Ewiger Wald Ein Buch fur Wanderer Leipzig 1922 Sud Bayern Berlin 1922 Das wirkliche Naturbild Dresden 1923 Der unbekannte Mensch Stuttgart und Heilbronn 1923 Die Entdeckung der Heimat Stuttgart 1923 Die Welt als Erleben Grundriss einer objektiven Philosophie Grundlagen einer objektiven Philosophie VI Dresden 1923 Plasmatik Die Wissenschaft der Zukunft Stuttgart und Heilbronn 1923 Das Buch des Lebens Ein Weltbild der Gegenwart Berlin 1924 Die Seele der Pflanze Berlin 1924 Grundriss einer vergleichenden Biologie Grundlagen einer objektiven Philosophie I Leipzig 1924 Richtiges Leben Ein Buch fur jedermann Leipzig 1924 Telos die Gesetze des Schaffens Dresden 1924 Das Land der Sehnsucht Berlin 1925 Der Dauerwald 1925 Der Ursprung des Menschen Stuttgart und Heilbronn 1926 Bios Die Gesetze der Welt Taschenbuchausgabe Leipzig Kroner 1926 Der Weg zu mir Der Lebenserinnerungen erster Teil Leipzig 1927 Phoebus Munchen 1927 Vom deutschen Walde Berlin 1927 Der Organismus Munchen 1928 Naturgesetze der Heimat Wien und Leipzig 1928 Urwald Stuttgart 1928 Welt Erde und Menschheit Berlin 1928 Die Waage des Lebens Eine Bilanz der Kultur Leipzig 1929 So musst du leben Eine Anleitung zum richtigen Leben Dresden 1929 Das Leben vor der Sintflut Berlin 1930 Korallenwelt Der siebente Erdteil Stuttgart 1930 Lebender Braunkohlenwald Eine Reise durch die heutige Urwelt Stuttgart 1932 Naturbilder Wien 1932 Braunkohle Sonnenkraft Berlin 1934 Von der Arbeit zum Erfolg Ein Schlussel zum besseren Leben Dresden 1934 Sehnsucht nach dem Suden Gemeinsam mit Annie France Harrar Leipzig 1938 Luft als Rohstoff 1939 Lebenswunder der Tierwelt Eine Tierkunde fur Jedermann Berlin 1940 Leben und Wunder des deutschen Waldes Berlin 1943New editions EditDie Entdeckung der Heimat Reprint 1923 Mit einer Einfuhrung von Gerhard Tenschert Asendorf 1982 Das Leben im Boden Das Edaphon Reprint Das Edaphon 1913 and Das Leben im Ackerboden 1922 Einfuhrung von Rene Roth Ontario Kanada Edition Siebeneicher Deukalion Verlag 1995The standard author abbreviation France is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name 6 Literature EditAndreas Daum Wissenschaftspopularisierung im 19 Jahrhundert Burgerliche Kultur naturwissenschaftliche Bildung und die deutsche Offentlichkeit 1848 1914 Munich Oldenbourg 1998 ISBN 3 486 56337 8 end edition 2002 including a short biography Rene Romain Roth Raoul Heinrich France And The Doctrine Of Life 2000 Biography 7 Stephen Sokoloff Raoul France s Heritage A Nightmare for Specialists 1993 8 Oliver Botar Raoul Heinrich France and Early 20th Century Central European Biocentrism 2010 9 France Raoul H In Osterreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815 1950 OBL Vol 1 Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna 1957 p 341 Martin Mullerott 1961 France Raoul Neue Deutsche Biographie in German vol 5 Berlin Duncker amp Humblot pp 313 314 full text online Klaus Henkel Die Renaissance des Raoul Heinrich France Mikrokosmos 86 1 3 16 1997 Werner Nachtigall Der Bildungswert der Kleinwelt Was bedeuten R H Frances Gedanken uber mikroskopische Studien fur unsere Zeit Mikrokosmos 86 6 321 328 1997See also EditD Arcy Thompson On Growth and Form 1917 References Edit Rene von Romain Roth Raoul H France And The Doctrine Of Life in German Porter James P 1906 Reviewed Work Germs of Mind in Plants by R H France A M Simons The American Journal of Psychology 17 2 289 doi 10 2307 1412404 JSTOR 1412404 C R B 1906 Germs of Mind in Plants Botanical Gazette 41 2 148 doi 10 1086 328734 JSTOR 2466142 S2CID 224837306 Franceia Lemmermann 1898 Algaebase www algaebase org Retrieved 22 January 2021 Stiftung france de steht zum Verkauf International Plant Names Index France External links EditLiterature by and about Raoul Heinrich France in the German National Library catalogue Author Details for Raoul Heinrich France HTML International Plant Names Index International Organization for Plant Information IOPI In memoriam Raoul Heinrich France 1874 1943 Stiftung Raoul Heinrich France and Annie France Harrar Mikrokosmos Journal founded by Raoul Heinrich France Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Raoul Heinrich France amp oldid 1142165639, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
