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Kh-22

November 29, 2023

The Kh-22 "Storm" (Russian: Х-22 "Буря", NATO reporting name AS-4 'Kitchen') is a large, long-range anti-ship missile developed by MKB Raduga in the Soviet Union. It was designed for use against aircraft carriers and carrier battle groups, with either a conventional or nuclear warhead. Kh-32 is an updated conventional variant of Kh-22 and was accepted to service in 2016; it features an improved rocket motor and a new seeker head.

Kh-22
(NATO reporting name: AS-4 'Kitchen')
Kh-22 at museum
TypeAnti-ship missile
Place of originSoviet Union
Service history
Used byRussia
Production history
DesignerMKB Raduga
Unit cost$1 million[1]
Produced1962
Specifications
Mass5,820 kg (12,800 lb)
Length11.65 m (38.2 ft)
Diameter92 cm (36 in)
Wingspan300 cm (120 in)
Warhead1,000 kg (2,205 lb) RDX
or 350–1,000 kt (1.5–4.2 PJ) thermonuclear weapon
EngineR-201 liquid-fuel rocket
PropellantTonka-250 and IRFNA
Operational
range
600 km (320 nmi) (Kh-22M/MA)[2]
Flight ceiling10–14 km (33,000–46,000 ft) or 27 km (89,000 ft)
Maximum speed Mach 4.6 (5,600 km/h; 3,500 mph)[3]
Guidance
system
Inertial guidance followed by terminal active radar homing
Accuracy100 ~ 300 m (CEP)[citation needed]
Launch
platform
Tu-22M, Тu-22К, Тu-95К22

Development edit

After analyzing World War II naval battles and encounters in the late 1940s and early 1950s, Soviet military thinkers concluded that the era of large seaborne battles was over, and that stand-off attacks would be the way to neutralize and incapacitate large battle groups without having to field a similar force against them. Substituting cruise missiles for air attacks, Soviet Air Forces and Soviet Naval Aviation commanders set about converting their heavy bombers to raketonosets, or missile carriers, which could be launched against approaching enemy fleets from coastal or island airfields. The Kh-22 (Complex 22) weapon was developed by the Raduga design bureau and used to arm the Tupolev Tu-22M.

Design edit

The Kh-22 uses a Tumansky liquid-fuel rocket engine, fueled with TG-02 (Tonka-250) and IRFNA (inhibited red fuming nitric acid), giving it a maximum speed of Mach 4.6 and a range of up to 600 km (320 nmi). It can be launched in either high-altitude or low-altitude mode. In high-altitude mode, it climbs to an altitude of 27,000 m (89,000 ft) and makes a high-speed dive into the target, with a terminal speed of about Mach 4.6. In low-altitude mode, it climbs to 12,000 m (39,000 ft) and makes a shallow dive at about Mach 3.5. The missile is guided by a gyroscope-stabilized autopilot in conjunction with a radio altimeter.

Soviet tests revealed that when a shaped charge warhead weighing 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) was used in the missile, the resulting hole measured 5 m (16 ft) in diameter, 19.6 m2 (210 sq ft) in area, and was 12 m (40 ft) deep.[4][5][6][7][8][9][page needed]

By August 2016, Russia was finalizing the trials of the Kh-32 cruise missile, a derivative of the Kh-22. Designed for use by the Tu-22M3 bomber, the missile is designed to climb to 40 km (130,000 ft) to the stratosphere after launch, transition to level flight, then perform a steep dive to the target. The cruise missile version is also designed to target enemy ships, as well as radars, and "radio-contrast targets" like bridges, military bases, electric power plants, and others. The Kh-32 has an inertial navigation system and radar homing head, making it independent of GPS/GLONASS navigation satellites. Presumably, it has a range of 1,000 km (620 mi; 540 nmi) and a speed of at least 5,000 km/h (3,100 mph; Mach 4.1).[10] Apparently the missile entered service in the same year.[citation needed] Thirty-two Kh-22 missiles will be modernized to the Kh-32 level in 2018–2020[needs update].[11]

Operational history edit

 
Kh-22 under a Tu-22M3

The first combat-ready missiles entered service in 1962.

The missiles were used by Soviet and then Russian Air Forces on the Тu-22K ('Blinder-B') and Tu-95K22 ('Bear-G') strategic bombers. Current main launch platform is the Tupolev Tu-22M3 ('Backfire') long-range strategic bomber.[12][13]

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine edit

The first combat use of the missile was reported during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. On 11 May 2022, a video emerged on internet showing a Russian Air Force Tu-22M3 strategic bomber launching a pair of two Kh-22 or Kh-32 missiles at targets somewhere in Ukraine.[14]

The UK Ministry of Defence stated that Russia is possibly using anti-ship missiles, like the Kh-22, against ground targets and claimed that such missiles "are highly inaccurate and therefore can cause severe collateral damage and casualties".[15]

On 9 May 2022, 13 Kh-22 missiles were reportedly fired by the Russian Air Force: seven at Fontanka, a coastal village about 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Odesa, where at least one smashed into the Riviera shopping mall around 10:35 PM (after curfew), killing one, and six at targets in the Donetsk Oblast.[16]

Between 12 May and 25 June 2022, at least 10 other Russian Kh-22 strikes in Ukraine, involving at least 44 missiles in total, were reported in the media.[16]

On 27 June 2022, two Kh-22 or Kh-32 missiles, launched by Russian Tupolev Tu-22M3 bombers, were reportedly used in the Kremenchuk shopping mall attack, killing at least 21 people and injuring at least 59.[17][16] [4] One missile smashed directly into the mall while the other fell about 450 meters away, into the edge of the Kredmash Road Machinery Plant, which primarily manufactures asphalt and concrete mixers, where it injured two of the 100 employees present.[16] Both missiles might have been aimed at the same target since such distance is within the limited accuracy of Kh-22 missiles.[16]

In the night between 30 June and 1 July 2022, three Kh-22 missiles were fired from Tu-22M3s into a 9-storey apartment building and a recreational center in Serhiivka, Ukraine, killing at least 21 people and wounding at least 39.[18][19][20]

On 14 September 2022, it was reported at least seven Kh-22 missiles were launched by Russia at various hydraulic structures in Kryvyi Rih, including a nearby dam. This caused the water level of the Inhulets river to increase by 2–3 metres (6 ft 7 in – 9 ft 10 in), or even 5–6 metres (16–20 ft). Previously, the Inhulets was too shallow, allowing the Ukrainian army to build pontoon bridges during its southern counteroffensive.[21] However, Ukrainian MoD claimed that Kh-101 missiles were used in the strike.[22]

On 14 January 2023, a Russian missile strike, possibly using a Kh-22, demolished a 9-story apartment building in Dnipro and started a large fire. At least 44 civilians were killed and 73 were wounded in the attack.[23][24]

On 8 May 2023, Ukrainian Air Force spokesman Colonel Yurii Ihnat said that "seven aircraft and up to eight launches of Kh-22 cruise missiles" at Odesa Oblast. Many of the missiles are believed to have self-destructed due to their age. Only one is believed to have hit a food storage warehouse in Odesa. The missiles were fired from Tu-22 bombers.[25]

Three nights of attacks on Odesa, 17-20 July, have been successful due to the less advanced systems protecting city compared Kyiv. Out of nineteen cruise missiles fired, Ukraine only intercepted five on 20 July. The Kh-22 missiles cannot be shot down due to their speed. Yurii Ihnat, spokesman for the Ukrainian Air Force, said that “What could be shot down is being shot down,” They required either Patriot missiles or SAMP-T to protect the region from missiles like Kh-22.[26]

Variants edit

Two initial versions were built, the Kh-22 with a large conventional warhead and the Kh-22N with a 350–1000-kiloton nuclear warhead.[27] In the mid-1970s, this was supplemented by the Kh-22P, an anti-radiation missile for the destruction of radar installations. In the 1970s, the Kh-22 was upgraded to Kh-22M and Kh-22MA standard, with new attack profiles, somewhat longer range, and a datalink allowing mid-course updates.

  • Kh-22M/MA — upgraded variants with Mach 3.3 speed and 600 km (370 mi) range. Weighs 5,780 kg (12,740 lb), contains 960 kg (2,120 lb) of RDX.[28][29]
  • Kh-32 — an updated conventional variant of Kh-22 with Mach 5 speed and 1,000 km (620 mi) range.[10] It features an improved rocket motor and a new seeker head. Currently produced for the Tu-22M3 launch platform.[30][31] Warhead weight has been reduced to 500 kg (1,100 lb) to improve range.[32]
 
Kh-22 under a Tu-22M3

Operators edit

  Russia

Former operators edit

  Soviet Union
  Ukraine
  • 423 scrapped after Ukrainian Tu-22M fleet's decommission.[33]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Landa, Volodymyr; Gnenny, Konstantin. "Over the weekend, Russia launched missiles worth about $200 million over Ukraine., Росія за вихідні випустила по Україні ракет вартістю близько $200 млн" (in Ukrainian). Forbes. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  2. ^ ausairpower (6 August 2009), Anti Shipping Missile Survey, ausairpower, p. 1
  3. ^ Scribd, Anti Shipping Missile Survey, Scribd, p. 37
  4. ^ a b Precision Guided Munitions in the Region, Technical Report APA-TR-2007-0109, 2004 - 2012 Carlo Kopp, ausairpower.net
  5. ^ КРЫЛАТАЯ РАКЕТА Х-22Н "Буря" 8 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Д-2Н, AS-4 Kitchen, Образцы вооружений Военно - морского флота, vs.milrf.ru
  6. ^ . Vs.milrf.ru. Archived from the original on 8 June 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
  7. ^ "Крылатая ракета Х-22 (комплекс К-22) | Ракетная техника". Rbase.new-factoria.ru. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
  8. ^ "Противокорабельная крылатая ракета воздушного базирования Х-22 "Буря"" (in Russian). Defendingrussia.ru. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
  9. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 December 2017.
  10. ^ a b Next Gen Kh-32 ant-ship cruise missile tests drawing to a close in Russia - Navyrecognition.com, 24 August 2016
  11. ^ "Russian MoD to upgrade 32 Kh-22 long-range anti-ship missiles". Navyrecognition.com. 16 May 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
  12. ^ Rosoboronexport Air Force Department and Media & PR Service, (PDF), Rosoboronexport State Corporation, p. 122, archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2007
  13. ^ China's Military Faces the Future, James R. Lilley, David L. Shambaugh, illustrated, M.E. Sharpe, 1999, ISBN 0765605066, ISBN 9780765605061
  14. ^ "We May Have Our First Sight Of A Russian Bomber Launching Missiles At Ukraine". thedrive.com. 11 May 2022.
  15. ^ KEYTON, David; LEICESTER, John. "Ukraine: Russia said to be using more deadly weapons in war". www. abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  16. ^ a b c d e Sebastien Roblin (29 June 2022). "Why Russia Is Using Old Kh-22 Aircraft Carrier-Killer Missiles to Hit Ukraine". 19FortyFive. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  17. ^ "Российская ракета попала в торговый центр в Кременчуге. Погибли 20 человек, десятки раненых" [A Russian rocket hit a shopping mall in Kremenchug. 20 people died, dozens injured]. www.bbc.com (in Russian).
  18. ^ "В Одесской области из-за ракетного удара погибли 18 человек" [18 people have died in Odesa Oblast after missile strike] (in Russian). Meduza. 1 July 2022.
  19. ^ Medina, Eduardo; Kim, Victoria (1 July 2022). "Missile Strikes on Ukraine Kill at Least 21 Near Odesa". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  20. ^ Williams, Sophie; Lukov, Yaroslav (1 July 2022). "Ukraine war: Russian missile strikes kill 21 in Odesa region - emergency service". BBC. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  21. ^ "Water level of Ukraine's river Inhulets rises after Russia strikes hydraulic structures of Kryvyi Rih". Novaya Gazeta. 14 September 2022.
  22. ^ "Russian missile strike damaged hydraulic structures in Kryvyi Rih". mil.in.ua. 14 September 2022.
  23. ^ "Ракетний удар по багатоповерхівці у Дніпрі: кількість загиблих знову зросла". tsn.ua. 15 January 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  24. ^ "As Dnipro deaths mount, survivors plead for anti-missile defense". www.washingtonpost.com. 15 January 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  25. ^ "Russian invaders fire 8 Kh-22 missiles at Odesa Oblast". news.yahoo.com. 8 May 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  26. ^ Kottasová, Ivana; Voitovich, Olga; Krever, Mick; Marquardt, Alex; McWhinnie, Scott; Shukla, Sebastian (20 July 2023). "Ukrainian air defenses in Odesa outgunned as Russia targets global grain supply". CNN. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  27. ^ , 26 Jan 2006, aviaport.ru
  28. ^ Air Power Australia (27 January 2014). . Ausairpower.net. Archived from the original on 8 February 2014.
  29. ^ Burdin, Sergey (17 November 2005). Tupolev TU-22 - Sergey Burdin - Google Książki. ISBN 9781844152414. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
  30. ^ "ОАО «Корпорация Тактическое Ракетное Вооружение»". www.eng.ktrv.ru. Archived from the original on 17 April 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  31. ^ "ДМЗ им. Н.П. Федорова: важное звено обороноспособности страны".
  32. ^ "New Russian cruise missiles to hit targets from 130,000 feet". UPI.com. 30 August 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
  33. ^ "В Полтаве готовятся к утилизации последнего бомбардировщика". www.aviaport.ru (in Russian). 26 January 2006.

References edit

  • Gordon, Yefim (2004). Soviet/Russian Aircraft Weapons Since World War Two. Hinckley, England: Midland Publishing. ISBN 1-85780-188-1.
  • Healey, John K. (January–February 2004). "Retired Warriors: 'Cold War' Bomber Legacy". Air Enthusiast. No. 109. pp. 75–79. ISSN 0143-5450.

External links edit

  Media related to Raduga Kh-22 at Wikimedia Commons

  • Х-22 БУРЯ (in Russian)
  • New Kh-32 Antiship Missile Becomes Operational in Russia - part 1 Navy Recognition
  • New Kh-32 Antiship Missile Becomes Operational in Russia - part 2 Navy Recognition

November 29, 2023
storm, russian, Буря, nato, reporting, name, kitchen, large, long, range, anti, ship, missile, developed, raduga, soviet, union, designed, against, aircraft, carriers, carrier, battle, groups, with, either, conventional, nuclear, warhead, updated, conventional. The Kh 22 Storm Russian H 22 Burya NATO reporting name AS 4 Kitchen is a large long range anti ship missile developed by MKB Raduga in the Soviet Union It was designed for use against aircraft carriers and carrier battle groups with either a conventional or nuclear warhead Kh 32 is an updated conventional variant of Kh 22 and was accepted to service in 2016 it features an improved rocket motor and a new seeker head Kh 22 NATO reporting name AS 4 Kitchen Kh 22 at museumTypeAnti ship missilePlace of originSoviet UnionService historyUsed byRussiaProduction historyDesignerMKB RadugaUnit cost 1 million 1 Produced1962SpecificationsMass5 820 kg 12 800 lb Length11 65 m 38 2 ft Diameter92 cm 36 in Wingspan300 cm 120 in Warhead1 000 kg 2 205 lb RDX or 350 1 000 kt 1 5 4 2 PJ thermonuclear weaponEngineR 201 liquid fuel rocketPropellantTonka 250 and IRFNAOperationalrange600 km 320 nmi Kh 22M MA 2 Flight ceiling10 14 km 33 000 46 000 ft or 27 km 89 000 ft Maximum speedMach 4 6 5 600 km h 3 500 mph 3 GuidancesystemInertial guidance followed by terminal active radar homingAccuracy100 300 m CEP citation needed LaunchplatformTu 22M Tu 22K Tu 95K22 Contents 1 Development 2 Design 3 Operational history 3 1 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 4 Variants 5 Operators 5 1 Former operators 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksDevelopment editAfter analyzing World War II naval battles and encounters in the late 1940s and early 1950s Soviet military thinkers concluded that the era of large seaborne battles was over and that stand off attacks would be the way to neutralize and incapacitate large battle groups without having to field a similar force against them Substituting cruise missiles for air attacks Soviet Air Forces and Soviet Naval Aviation commanders set about converting their heavy bombers to raketonosets or missile carriers which could be launched against approaching enemy fleets from coastal or island airfields The Kh 22 Complex 22 weapon was developed by the Raduga design bureau and used to arm the Tupolev Tu 22M Design editThe Kh 22 uses a Tumansky liquid fuel rocket engine fueled with TG 02 Tonka 250 and IRFNA inhibited red fuming nitric acid giving it a maximum speed of Mach 4 6 and a range of up to 600 km 320 nmi It can be launched in either high altitude or low altitude mode In high altitude mode it climbs to an altitude of 27 000 m 89 000 ft and makes a high speed dive into the target with a terminal speed of about Mach 4 6 In low altitude mode it climbs to 12 000 m 39 000 ft and makes a shallow dive at about Mach 3 5 The missile is guided by a gyroscope stabilized autopilot in conjunction with a radio altimeter Soviet tests revealed that when a shaped charge warhead weighing 1 000 kg 2 200 lb was used in the missile the resulting hole measured 5 m 16 ft in diameter 19 6 m2 210 sq ft in area and was 12 m 40 ft deep 4 5 6 7 8 9 page needed By August 2016 Russia was finalizing the trials of the Kh 32 cruise missile a derivative of the Kh 22 Designed for use by the Tu 22M3 bomber the missile is designed to climb to 40 km 130 000 ft to the stratosphere after launch transition to level flight then perform a steep dive to the target The cruise missile version is also designed to target enemy ships as well as radars and radio contrast targets like bridges military bases electric power plants and others The Kh 32 has an inertial navigation system and radar homing head making it independent of GPS GLONASS navigation satellites Presumably it has a range of 1 000 km 620 mi 540 nmi and a speed of at least 5 000 km h 3 100 mph Mach 4 1 10 Apparently the missile entered service in the same year citation needed Thirty two Kh 22 missiles will be modernized to the Kh 32 level in 2018 2020 needs update 11 Operational history edit nbsp Kh 22 under a Tu 22M3The first combat ready missiles entered service in 1962 The missiles were used by Soviet and then Russian Air Forces on the Tu 22K Blinder B and Tu 95K22 Bear G strategic bombers Current main launch platform is the Tupolev Tu 22M3 Backfire long range strategic bomber 12 13 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine edit The first combat use of the missile was reported during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine On 11 May 2022 a video emerged on internet showing a Russian Air Force Tu 22M3 strategic bomber launching a pair of two Kh 22 or Kh 32 missiles at targets somewhere in Ukraine 14 The UK Ministry of Defence stated that Russia is possibly using anti ship missiles like the Kh 22 against ground targets and claimed that such missiles are highly inaccurate and therefore can cause severe collateral damage and casualties 15 On 9 May 2022 13 Kh 22 missiles were reportedly fired by the Russian Air Force seven at Fontanka a coastal village about 15 km 9 3 mi north of Odesa where at least one smashed into the Riviera shopping mall around 10 35 PM after curfew killing one and six at targets in the Donetsk Oblast 16 Between 12 May and 25 June 2022 at least 10 other Russian Kh 22 strikes in Ukraine involving at least 44 missiles in total were reported in the media 16 On 27 June 2022 two Kh 22 or Kh 32 missiles launched by Russian Tupolev Tu 22M3 bombers were reportedly used in the Kremenchuk shopping mall attack killing at least 21 people and injuring at least 59 17 16 4 One missile smashed directly into the mall while the other fell about 450 meters away into the edge of the Kredmash Road Machinery Plant which primarily manufactures asphalt and concrete mixers where it injured two of the 100 employees present 16 Both missiles might have been aimed at the same target since such distance is within the limited accuracy of Kh 22 missiles 16 In the night between 30 June and 1 July 2022 three Kh 22 missiles were fired from Tu 22M3s into a 9 storey apartment building and a recreational center in Serhiivka Ukraine killing at least 21 people and wounding at least 39 18 19 20 On 14 September 2022 it was reported at least seven Kh 22 missiles were launched by Russia at various hydraulic structures in Kryvyi Rih including a nearby dam This caused the water level of the Inhulets river to increase by 2 3 metres 6 ft 7 in 9 ft 10 in or even 5 6 metres 16 20 ft Previously the Inhulets was too shallow allowing the Ukrainian army to build pontoon bridges during its southern counteroffensive 21 However Ukrainian MoD claimed that Kh 101 missiles were used in the strike 22 On 14 January 2023 a Russian missile strike possibly using a Kh 22 demolished a 9 story apartment building in Dnipro and started a large fire At least 44 civilians were killed and 73 were wounded in the attack 23 24 On 8 May 2023 Ukrainian Air Force spokesman Colonel Yurii Ihnat said that seven aircraft and up to eight launches of Kh 22 cruise missiles at Odesa Oblast Many of the missiles are believed to have self destructed due to their age Only one is believed to have hit a food storage warehouse in Odesa The missiles were fired from Tu 22 bombers 25 Three nights of attacks on Odesa 17 20 July have been successful due to the less advanced systems protecting city compared Kyiv Out of nineteen cruise missiles fired Ukraine only intercepted five on 20 July The Kh 22 missiles cannot be shot down due to their speed Yurii Ihnat spokesman for the Ukrainian Air Force said that What could be shot down is being shot down They required either Patriot missiles or SAMP T to protect the region from missiles like Kh 22 26 Variants editTwo initial versions were built the Kh 22 with a large conventional warhead and the Kh 22N with a 350 1000 kiloton nuclear warhead 27 In the mid 1970s this was supplemented by the Kh 22P an anti radiation missile for the destruction of radar installations In the 1970s the Kh 22 was upgraded to Kh 22M and Kh 22MA standard with new attack profiles somewhat longer range and a datalink allowing mid course updates Kh 22M MA upgraded variants with Mach 3 3 speed and 600 km 370 mi range Weighs 5 780 kg 12 740 lb contains 960 kg 2 120 lb of RDX 28 29 Kh 32 an updated conventional variant of Kh 22 with Mach 5 speed and 1 000 km 620 mi range 10 It features an improved rocket motor and a new seeker head Currently produced for the Tu 22M3 launch platform 30 31 Warhead weight has been reduced to 500 kg 1 100 lb to improve range 32 nbsp Kh 22 under a Tu 22M3Operators edit nbsp RussiaRussian Air ForceFormer operators edit nbsp Soviet Union nbsp Ukraine423 scrapped after Ukrainian Tu 22M fleet s decommission 33 Notes edit Landa Volodymyr Gnenny Konstantin Over the weekend Russia launched missiles worth about 200 million over Ukraine Rosiya za vihidni vipustila po Ukrayini raket vartistyu blizko 200 mln in Ukrainian Forbes Retrieved 19 September 2022 ausairpower 6 August 2009 Anti Shipping Missile Survey ausairpower p 1 Scribd Anti Shipping Missile Survey Scribd p 37 a b Precision Guided Munitions in the Region Technical Report APA TR 2007 0109 2004 2012 Carlo Kopp ausairpower net KRYLATAYa RAKETA H 22N Burya Archived 8 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine D 2N AS 4 Kitchen Obrazcy vooruzhenij Voenno morskogo flota vs milrf ru Vooruzheniya VMF Krylataya raketa H 22N Vs milrf ru Archived from the original on 8 June 2019 Retrieved 31 December 2018 Krylataya raketa H 22 kompleks K 22 Raketnaya tehnika Rbase new factoria ru Retrieved 31 December 2018 Protivokorabelnaya krylataya raketa vozdushnogo bazirovaniya H 22 Burya in Russian Defendingrussia ru Retrieved 31 December 2018 Tupolev Tu 22 Blinder Tu 22M Backfire Russia s long range supersonic bombers PDF Archived from the original PDF on 4 December 2017 a b Next Gen Kh 32 ant ship cruise missile tests drawing to a close in Russia Navyrecognition com 24 August 2016 Russian MoD to upgrade 32 Kh 22 long range anti ship missiles Navyrecognition com 16 May 2018 Retrieved 31 December 2018 Rosoboronexport Air Force Department and Media amp PR Service AEROSPACE SYSTEMS export catalogue PDF Rosoboronexport State Corporation p 122 archived from the original PDF on 30 October 2007 China s Military Faces the Future James R Lilley David L Shambaugh illustrated M E Sharpe 1999 ISBN 0765605066 ISBN 9780765605061 We May Have Our First Sight Of A Russian Bomber Launching Missiles At Ukraine thedrive com 11 May 2022 KEYTON David LEICESTER John Ukraine Russia said to be using more deadly weapons in war www abcnews go com Retrieved 11 June 2022 a b c d e Sebastien Roblin 29 June 2022 Why Russia Is Using Old Kh 22 Aircraft Carrier Killer Missiles to Hit Ukraine 19FortyFive Retrieved 30 June 2022 Rossijskaya raketa popala v torgovyj centr v Kremenchuge Pogibli 20 chelovek desyatki ranenyh A Russian rocket hit a shopping mall in Kremenchug 20 people died dozens injured www bbc com in Russian V Odesskoj oblasti iz za raketnogo udara pogibli 18 chelovek 18 people have died in Odesa Oblast after missile strike in Russian Meduza 1 July 2022 Medina Eduardo Kim Victoria 1 July 2022 Missile Strikes on Ukraine Kill at Least 21 Near Odesa The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 1 July 2022 Williams Sophie Lukov Yaroslav 1 July 2022 Ukraine war Russian missile strikes kill 21 in Odesa region emergency service BBC Retrieved 1 July 2022 Water level of Ukraine s river Inhulets rises after Russia strikes hydraulic structures of Kryvyi Rih Novaya Gazeta 14 September 2022 Russian missile strike damaged hydraulic structures in Kryvyi Rih mil in ua 14 September 2022 Raketnij udar po bagatopoverhivci u Dnipri kilkist zagiblih znovu zrosla tsn ua 15 January 2023 Retrieved 15 January 2023 As Dnipro deaths mount survivors plead for anti missile defense www washingtonpost com 15 January 2023 Retrieved 16 January 2023 Russian invaders fire 8 Kh 22 missiles at Odesa Oblast news yahoo com 8 May 2023 Retrieved 8 May 2023 Kottasova Ivana Voitovich Olga Krever Mick Marquardt Alex McWhinnie Scott Shukla Sebastian 20 July 2023 Ukrainian air defenses in Odesa outgunned as Russia targets global grain supply CNN Retrieved 21 July 2023 V Poltave gotovyatsya k utilizacii poslednego bombardirovshika 26 Jan 2006 aviaport ru Air Power Australia 27 January 2014 Soviet Russian Cruise Missiles Ausairpower net Archived from the original on 8 February 2014 Burdin Sergey 17 November 2005 Tupolev TU 22 Sergey Burdin Google Ksiazki ISBN 9781844152414 Retrieved 31 December 2018 OAO Korporaciya Takticheskoe Raketnoe Vooruzhenie www eng ktrv ru Archived from the original on 17 April 2013 Retrieved 2 February 2022 DMZ im N P Fedorova vazhnoe zveno oboronosposobnosti strany New Russian cruise missiles to hit targets from 130 000 feet UPI com 30 August 2016 Retrieved 31 December 2018 V Poltave gotovyatsya k utilizacii poslednego bombardirovshika www aviaport ru in Russian 26 January 2006 References editGordon Yefim 2004 Soviet Russian Aircraft Weapons Since World War Two Hinckley England Midland Publishing ISBN 1 85780 188 1 Healey John K January February 2004 Retired Warriors Cold War Bomber Legacy Air Enthusiast No 109 pp 75 79 ISSN 0143 5450 External links edit nbsp Media related to Raduga Kh 22 at Wikimedia Commons H 22 BURYa in Russian New Kh 32 Antiship Missile Becomes Operational in Russia part 1 Navy Recognition New Kh 32 Antiship Missile Becomes Operational in Russia part 2 Navy Recognition Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kh 22 amp oldid 1185793990, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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