Radio and Television Supreme Council (Turkish: Radyo ve Televizyon Üst Kurulu),[1] also known in short as RTÜK, is the Turkish state agency for monitoring, regulating, and sanctioning radio and television broadcasts. RTÜK was founded in 1994 and is composed of nine members elected by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.[2] RTÜK is located in Ankara and maintains local offices in Istanbul, Izmir and Diyarbakir.
RTÜK has recently initiated the establishment of two international forums in the field of audio visual media services such as the Black Sea Broadcasting Regulatory Authorities Forum (BRAF) among 12 members of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) in 2009,[3] and the Islamic Countries Broadcasting Regulatory Authorities Forum (IBRAF), an affiliate of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), with its 57 member states, in 2011.[4]
Notable sanctions and penalties imposed by RTÜKedit
RTÜK is known for sanctioning the broadcasts of a large number of domestic productions, such as Gülşen's video clip for the song "Sarışınım",[5] on grounds of "violating the national and moral values of the community and Turkish family structure" (RTÜK Law Art. 4/e), "obscenity" (RTÜK Law Art. 4/t), and "impairing the physical, mental, and moral development of young people and children" (RTÜK Law Art. 4/z).
Among foreign productions sanctioned by RTÜK for similar rationales are Wild Things 3,[6]Nip/Tuck, and Gossip Girl.[7] In September 2009, RTÜK banned the broadcasting of the video clip for the song "Love Sex Magic", stating that the video "contains sexual outfits, dancing and scenes that are contrary to the development of children and youth and morality in general."[8]
In another verdict in March 2011, RTÜK punished the broadcast of the feature film Sex and the City 2, due to the film's portraying a same-sex wedding ceremony, considered "twisted and immoral" by the RTÜK board.[9]
RTÜK also imposes closure orders on TV and radio stations on the grounds that they have made separatist broadcasts. A verdict of high international profile was the banning of Turkish language programmes of BBC World Service and Deutsche Welle on the grounds that they "threatened national security."[10]
Critics claim that verdicts of RTÜK resulted in excessive self-censorship of broadcasters.[11]
The "stream-lining" policies of RTÜK with that of the Turkish government is exemplified once more when they successively imposed huge monetary penalties to the producers of the TV series Behzat Ç. Bir Ankara Polisiyesi as well as the TV channel broadcasting it. The series explicitly demonstrate the corrupt policies and practices of the Turkish courts, governmental authorities, the bureaucrats, etc. and therefore is widely criticized by the ruling A.K.P. (Justice and Development Party)-led Turkish government. The ministers of the government as well as many A.K.P. MPs had explicitly criticized the TV series and asked the producers to stop production and the TV channel to stop broadcasting; however they had to back down amid extremely widespread protests of the spectators and fans of the series. As a result, the government is now (as of 2012) trying to press the producers and the TV channel by imposing huge monetary penalties on feeble claims such as "the violation the national and moral values of the community and Turkish family structure" (RTÜK Law Art. 4/e), "obscenity" (RTÜK Law Art. 4/t), and "the impairment of the physical, mental, and moral development of young people and children" (RTÜK Law Art. 4/z).[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][excessive citations] RTÜK alleges that the major characters of the series "drink too much", "swear too much", "conduct behaviour against the moral values of the Turkish family life"-the latter just because the bachelor police chief is seeing a single (divorced) female prosecutor of state and that "they have a relationship out of wedlock". The first season of the series were heavily penalized by the RTÜK and the second season brought even more penalties of the RTÜK to the producers of the series and the broadcasting TV channel. As a result, when the second-season of the series finished in June 2012, all spectators and fans were pessimist on whether they will be watching a third-season. The third season started to air on September 21, 2012, but with a heavy censor on all conversations, extreme censor on scenes where the characters drink beer, etc. and consequently, the website of the TV channel broadcasting the series over the internet received more than 130,000 hits in the other day of the broadcast in just a couple of hours when word spread among fans that a "censor-free" version is available.[27][28][29]
In February 2022 RTÜK demanded that three international news agencies - Voice of America, Euronews, and Germany's Deutsche Welle - apply for online broadcasting licenses. Deutsche Welle said it was an attempt "to restrict the reporting of international media services"; VOA issued a statement that it will not abide by RTÜK's demand for an online license, explaining that "the internet is not a limited resource, and the only possible purpose of a licensing requirement for internet distribution is enabling censorship".[30]
Othersedit
Gün Radyo ve TV in 2002 ordered off air for a year for broadcasting Kurdish-language songs[31]
Nur Radyo Ve Televizyon Yayinciligi A.S. v. Turkey (no. 2) (ECHR 2010 - judgement of breach of Article 2010)[32]
Website Blockingsedit
RTÜK may request that access to broadcasting services/websites be blocked if they have not been granted a temporary or permanent broadcasting license, or if their right and/or license has been revoked.
Music streaming platform Tidal (service) was banned in November 2020 upon the request of RTÜK and was blocked until December 2020.[33]
Upon the request of RTÜK, ozguruz20.org domain name that belongs to web radio station Özgürüz, which is run by the nonprofit newsroom Correctiv was blocked.[34]
Radio Garden which is a non-profit radio listening project has been banned since 4 January 2022.[35]
Besides sanctioning broadcasts, RTÜK also leads some projects purportedly "to protect children and to help parents in media environment". These projects are:
Good Night Kids (İyi Uykular Çocuklar) is a cartoon show that aims at children's gaining habits of going to bed early.[40]
Lawedit
Prior to 1994, television and radio broadcasts were only permitted by the state. The Law No. 3984 on the Establishment of Radio and Television Enterprises and their Broadcasts, dated 13 April 1994 liberalised this, allowing an explosion of private media. The 1994 law was replaced by Law No. 6112 on the Establishment of Radio and Television Enterprises, which came into force on 15 February 2011.[41][42][43]
^ ab"Why Turkey's TV Cop Behzat Ã? Makes Censors Uneasy". Retrieved 21 August 2016.
^Ekşi Sözlük: Entry For Behzat Ç. - Entry No.20253/Page No.2026 and onwards(in Turkish)
^"Censor-Free" Version Of Behzat Ç. - 3rd Season 1st Part(in Turkish)
^"VOA, Deutsche Welle to take legal action amid threats of a ban from Turkey" [1]
^"Television station ordered off the air for one year - IFEX". 25 March 2002. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
^"ECHR : Nur Radyo Ve Televizyon Yayinciligi A.S. V. Turkey (No. 2) Publication : [not yet received]". Archived from the original on 2013-06-15. Retrieved 2013-06-13.
^Staff, The New Arab (2020-11-28). "Turkey blocks Jay Z's Tidal streaming service". english.alaraby.co.uk. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
^"Can Dündar'a ait radyo ve internet sitesi erişime kapatıldı". T24 (in Turkish). Retrieved 2022-06-12.
^ifade.org.tr (2022-01-04). "Radyo dinleme platformu Radio Garden erişime engellendi". İfade Özgürlüğü Derneği (in Turkish). Retrieved 2022-06-12.
^"Turkey blocks access to Deutsche Welle, Voice of America for not getting licenses -official". Reuters. 2022-06-30. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
radio, television, supreme, council, turkish, radyo, televizyon, üst, kurulu, also, known, short, rtük, turkish, state, agency, monitoring, regulating, sanctioning, radio, television, broadcasts, rtük, founded, 1994, composed, nine, members, elected, grand, na. Radio and Television Supreme Council Turkish Radyo ve Televizyon Ust Kurulu 1 also known in short as RTUK is the Turkish state agency for monitoring regulating and sanctioning radio and television broadcasts RTUK was founded in 1994 and is composed of nine members elected by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey 2 RTUK is located in Ankara and maintains local offices in Istanbul Izmir and Diyarbakir Radio and Television Supreme CouncilAgency overviewFormed16 May 1994HeadquartersAnkaraAgency executiveEbubekir SahinWebsitewww rtuk org trKucuk Camlica TV Radio Tower in IstanbulTelecommunications and information technology sectors fall under another state agency the Information and Communication Technologies Authority BTK RTUK has recently initiated the establishment of two international forums in the field of audio visual media services such as the Black Sea Broadcasting Regulatory Authorities Forum BRAF among 12 members of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation BSEC in 2009 3 and the Islamic Countries Broadcasting Regulatory Authorities Forum IBRAF an affiliate of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation OIC with its 57 member states in 2011 4 Contents 1 Notable sanctions and penalties imposed by RTUK 1 1 Others 1 2 Website Blockings 2 RTUK s Family Projects 3 Law 4 See also 5 ReferencesNotable sanctions and penalties imposed by RTUK editRTUK is known for sanctioning the broadcasts of a large number of domestic productions such as Gulsen s video clip for the song Sarisinim 5 on grounds of violating the national and moral values of the community and Turkish family structure RTUK Law Art 4 e obscenity RTUK Law Art 4 t and impairing the physical mental and moral development of young people and children RTUK Law Art 4 z Among foreign productions sanctioned by RTUK for similar rationales are Wild Things 3 6 Nip Tuck and Gossip Girl 7 In September 2009 RTUK banned the broadcasting of the video clip for the song Love Sex Magic stating that the video contains sexual outfits dancing and scenes that are contrary to the development of children and youth and morality in general 8 In another verdict in March 2011 RTUK punished the broadcast of the feature film Sex and the City 2 due to the film s portraying a same sex wedding ceremony considered twisted and immoral by the RTUK board 9 RTUK also imposes closure orders on TV and radio stations on the grounds that they have made separatist broadcasts A verdict of high international profile was the banning of Turkish language programmes of BBC World Service and Deutsche Welle on the grounds that they threatened national security 10 Critics claim that verdicts of RTUK resulted in excessive self censorship of broadcasters 11 The stream lining policies of RTUK with that of the Turkish government is exemplified once more when they successively imposed huge monetary penalties to the producers of the TV series Behzat C Bir Ankara Polisiyesi as well as the TV channel broadcasting it The series explicitly demonstrate the corrupt policies and practices of the Turkish courts governmental authorities the bureaucrats etc and therefore is widely criticized by the ruling A K P Justice and Development Party led Turkish government The ministers of the government as well as many A K P MPs had explicitly criticized the TV series and asked the producers to stop production and the TV channel to stop broadcasting however they had to back down amid extremely widespread protests of the spectators and fans of the series As a result the government is now as of 2012 trying to press the producers and the TV channel by imposing huge monetary penalties on feeble claims such as the violation the national and moral values of the community and Turkish family structure RTUK Law Art 4 e obscenity RTUK Law Art 4 t and the impairment of the physical mental and moral development of young people and children RTUK Law Art 4 z 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 excessive citations RTUK alleges that the major characters of the series drink too much swear too much conduct behaviour against the moral values of the Turkish family life the latter just because the bachelor police chief is seeing a single divorced female prosecutor of state and that they have a relationship out of wedlock The first season of the series were heavily penalized by the RTUK and the second season brought even more penalties of the RTUK to the producers of the series and the broadcasting TV channel As a result when the second season of the series finished in June 2012 all spectators and fans were pessimist on whether they will be watching a third season The third season started to air on September 21 2012 but with a heavy censor on all conversations extreme censor on scenes where the characters drink beer etc and consequently the website of the TV channel broadcasting the series over the internet received more than 130 000 hits in the other day of the broadcast in just a couple of hours when word spread among fans that a censor free version is available 27 28 29 In February 2022 RTUK demanded that three international news agencies Voice of America Euronews and Germany s Deutsche Welle apply for online broadcasting licenses Deutsche Welle said it was an attempt to restrict the reporting of international media services VOA issued a statement that it will not abide by RTUK s demand for an online license explaining that the internet is not a limited resource and the only possible purpose of a licensing requirement for internet distribution is enabling censorship 30 Others edit Gun Radyo ve TV in 2002 ordered off air for a year for broadcasting Kurdish language songs 31 Gunluk case Nur Radyo Ve Televizyon Yayinciligi A S v Turkey no 2 ECHR 2010 judgement of breach of Article 2010 32 Website Blockings edit RTUK may request that access to broadcasting services websites be blocked if they have not been granted a temporary or permanent broadcasting license or if their right and or license has been revoked Music streaming platform Tidal service was banned in November 2020 upon the request of RTUK and was blocked until December 2020 33 Upon the request of RTUK ozguruz20 org domain name that belongs to web radio station Ozguruz which is run by the nonprofit newsroom Correctiv was blocked 34 Radio Garden which is a non profit radio listening project has been banned since 4 January 2022 35 On 30 June 2022 Deutsche Welle and Voice of America s websites have been banned in Turkey upon the request of RTUK 36 RTUK s Family Projects editBesides sanctioning broadcasts RTUK also leads some projects purportedly to protect children and to help parents in media environment These projects are Media Literacy Medya Okur Yazarligi 37 Smart Signs Akilli Isaretler projects aims at a rating system similar to television rating systems in other countries 38 Internet Safety Internet Guvenligi 39 Good Night Kids Iyi Uykular Cocuklar is a cartoon show that aims at children s gaining habits of going to bed early 40 Law editPrior to 1994 television and radio broadcasts were only permitted by the state The Law No 3984 on the Establishment of Radio and Television Enterprises and their Broadcasts dated 13 April 1994 liberalised this allowing an explosion of private media The 1994 law was replaced by Law No 6112 on the Establishment of Radio and Television Enterprises which came into force on 15 February 2011 41 42 43 See also editList of ECHR cases concerning Article 10 in TurkeyReferences edit RTUK website Archived 2010 01 13 at the Wayback Machine About the Radio and Television Supreme Council RTUK Archived 2010 10 26 at the Wayback Machine Black Sea Broadcasting Regulatory Authorities Forum Welcome to IBraf Offical sic Site Retrieved 21 August 2016 Gulsen in Yuzu Guluyor RTUK Yasakladi MTV Klibini Listeye Aldi in Turkish RTUK ten Kizlarin Opusmesine Ceza in Turkish RTUK Senaryo da Yaziyormus in Turkish Turkey bans sexy American pop video Sex and the RTUK in Turkish RTUK de BBC yi ulusal guvenlige aykiri buldu in Turkish Yasam ve Ekran Yasar Sokmensuer Hurriyet in Turkish VATAN GAZETESI Behzat C nin Ictigi Icki RTUK u Karistirdi January 24 2011 in Turkish POSTA GAZETESI RTUK ten Behzat C ye Turkce Cezasi May 28 2011 in Turkish HABER 5 RTUK Behzat C yi Siki Takip Ediyor May 29 2011 Archived April 29 2014 at the Wayback Machine in Turkish MEDYA FARESI RTUK ten Behzat C ye Bir Ceza Daha Polis Icki Icer mi June 6 2011 in Turkish HABERTURK GAZETESI RTUK Argo ve Alkol Sebebiyle Behzat C ye Ceza Kesti June 6 2011 in Turkish MILLIYET GAZETESI Behzat C ye Alkol Cezasi June 7 2011 in Turkish MEDYA FARESI Behzat C nin Senaristinden RTUK e Tepki Sirada Seyircisiz Oynama Cezasi mi Var June 8 2011 in Turkish MILLIYET GAZETESI Behzat C Yine RTUK e Havale May 25 2012 in Turkish HURRIYET GAZETESI Behzat C ye RTUK Cezasi June 12 2012 in Turkish HABERTURK GAZETESI Behzat C ye Sert Tokat June 18 2012 in Turkish MILLIYET GAZETESI RTUK ten Behzat C ye 273 Bin Lira Ceza Geldi June 18 2012 in Turkish HABERTURK GAZETESI Behzat C ye Haksizlik Mi Yapildi June 20 2012 in Turkish HURRIYET GAZETESI RTUK ten Behzat C ye Bir Ceza Daha June 29 2012 in Turkish RADIKAL GAZETESI RTUK ten Kestigi Cezalara Sansur July 9 2012 in Turkish Behzat C Bir RTUK Celiskisi in Turkish a b Why Turkey s TV Cop Behzat A Makes Censors Uneasy Retrieved 21 August 2016 Eksi Sozluk Entry For Behzat C Entry No 20253 Page No 2026 and onwards in Turkish Censor Free Version Of Behzat C 3rd Season 1st Part in Turkish VOA Deutsche Welle to take legal action amid threats of a ban from Turkey 1 Television station ordered off the air for one year IFEX 25 March 2002 Retrieved 21 August 2016 ECHR Nur Radyo Ve Televizyon Yayinciligi A S V Turkey No 2 Publication not yet received Archived from the original on 2013 06 15 Retrieved 2013 06 13 Staff The New Arab 2020 11 28 Turkey blocks Jay Z s Tidal streaming service english alaraby co uk Retrieved 2022 06 12 Can Dundar a ait radyo ve internet sitesi erisime kapatildi T24 in Turkish Retrieved 2022 06 12 ifade org tr 2022 01 04 Radyo dinleme platformu Radio Garden erisime engellendi Ifade Ozgurlugu Dernegi in Turkish Retrieved 2022 06 12 Turkey blocks access to Deutsche Welle Voice of America for not getting licenses official Reuters 2022 06 30 Retrieved 2022 06 30 Medya Okur Yazarligi in Turkish Akilli Isaretler Archived 2011 04 20 at the Wayback Machine in Turkish Internet Guvenligi Archived 2011 04 18 at the Wayback Machine in Turkish Iyi Uykular Cocuklar in Turkish Turkish Media Law The Rise Of Television Broadcasting In Turkey Media Telecoms IT Entertainment Turkey Retrieved 21 August 2016 http www theworldlawgroup com files file docs WLG Website 5 pdf permanent dead link http www chadbourne com files Publication f7967d58 3521 41da a47d 02e34dac6446 Presentation PublicationAttachment d74f2cf7 78b5 4e99 9e70 05b015243b13 Turkish MediaLaw ca 28yuksel 29 pdf dead link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Radio and Television Supreme Council amp 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