Raadi cemetery, (Estonian: Raadi kalmistu) is the oldest and largest burial ground in Tartu, Estonia, dating back to 1773.[1] Many prominent historical figures are buried there. It is also the largest Baltic German cemetery in Estonia after the destruction of Kopli cemetery in Tallinn. Until 1841, it was the only cemetery in the town.
Between 1771 and 1772, Russian empressCatherine the Great, issued an edict which decreed that from that point on no-one who died (regardless of their social standing or class origins) was to be buried in a church crypt or churchyard; all burials were to take place in the new cemeteries to be built throughout the entire Russian empire, which were to be located outside town boundaries.
These measures were intended to overcome the congestion of urban church crypts and graveyards, and were prompted by a number of outbreaks of highly contagious diseases linked to inadequate burial practices in urban areas, especially the black plague which had led to the Plague Riot in Moscow in 1771.
The burial ground was officially opened on 5 November 1773 as the St. John's (town) parish cemetery. It also served as the University of Tartu's burial ground. The St. Mary's (country) parish and Russian OrthodoxDormition congregation cemeteries were established north-west of the St. John's in the same year. It served as the only cemetery in the town until 1841.
Decline in burials, 1939–1944edit
Burials at the cemetery were drastically reduced after the transfer of Baltic German population over to western Poland in late 1939.[1] Burials at the cemetery continued on a much smaller scale until 1944, principally among those Baltic Germans who had refused Hitler's call to leave the region.
Present stateedit
By the beginning of the 21st century, the expansion of the town has passed beyond the borders of the cemetery and alternative burial grounds are established elsewhere in the town. A Pseudotsuga parkway located at the cemetery is under protection.
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Raadi cemetery news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2019 Learn how and when to remove this message Raadi cemetery Estonian Raadi kalmistu is the oldest and largest burial ground in Tartu Estonia dating back to 1773 1 Many prominent historical figures are buried there It is also the largest Baltic German cemetery in Estonia after the destruction of Kopli cemetery in Tallinn Until 1841 it was the only cemetery in the town The Julius Kuperjanov monument The cemetery currently includes several smaller graveyard sections the oldest of which date back to 1773 Teller Chapel 1794 Contents 1 Origins 1771 1773 2 Decline in burials 1939 1944 3 Present state 4 Notable interments 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksOrigins 1771 1773 editBetween 1771 and 1772 Russian empress Catherine the Great issued an edict which decreed that from that point on no one who died regardless of their social standing or class origins was to be buried in a church crypt or churchyard all burials were to take place in the new cemeteries to be built throughout the entire Russian empire which were to be located outside town boundaries These measures were intended to overcome the congestion of urban church crypts and graveyards and were prompted by a number of outbreaks of highly contagious diseases linked to inadequate burial practices in urban areas especially the black plague which had led to the Plague Riot in Moscow in 1771 The burial ground was officially opened on 5 November 1773 as the St John s town parish cemetery It also served as the University of Tartu s burial ground The St Mary s country parish and Russian Orthodox Dormition congregation cemeteries were established north west of the St John s in the same year It served as the only cemetery in the town until 1841 Decline in burials 1939 1944 editBurials at the cemetery were drastically reduced after the transfer of Baltic German population over to western Poland in late 1939 1 Burials at the cemetery continued on a much smaller scale until 1944 principally among those Baltic Germans who had refused Hitler s call to leave the region Present state editBy the beginning of the 21st century the expansion of the town has passed beyond the borders of the cemetery and alternative burial grounds are established elsewhere in the town A Pseudotsuga parkway located at the cemetery is under protection Notable interments editFranz Ulrich Theodor Aepinus 1724 1802 physicist Betti Alver 1906 1989 poet Paul Ariste 1905 1990 linguist Kalev Arro 1915 1974 Forest Brother partisan Lauri Aus 1970 2003 cyclist Karl Ernst von Baer 1792 1876 biologist Friedrich Bidder 1810 1894 physiologist Alexander Bunge 1803 1890 botanist Karl Ernst Claus 1796 1864 chemist and naturalist Karl Gottfried Konstantin Dehio 1851 1927 internist Jaan Eilart 1933 2006 phytogeographer and conservationist Friedrich Robert Faehlmann 1798 1850 philologist Anna Haava 1864 1957 poet and translator Miina Harma 1864 1941 composer Gregor von Helmersen 1803 1885 geologist Samuel Gottlieb Rudolph Henzi 1794 1829 orientalist and theologist Johann Voldemar Jannsen 1819 1890 journalist and poet Harald Keres 1912 2010 physicist Amalie Konsa 1873 1949 actress Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald 1803 1882 writer Olevi Kull 1955 2007 ecologist Eerik Kumari 1912 1984 naturalist and conservationist Julius Kuperjanov 1894 1919 military commander 2 Raine Loo 1945 2020 actress Oskar Loorits 1900 1961 folklorist Juri Lotman 1922 1993 semiotician and culturologist Juhan Luiga 1873 1927 psychiatrist physician author publicist and politician Leonhard Merzin 1934 1990 actor Otto Wilhelm Masing 1763 1832 writer Uku Masing 1909 1985 philosopher and folklorist Viktor Masing 1925 2001 ecologist Zara Mints 1927 1990 literary scientist Friedrich Parrot 1791 1841 naturalist and traveller Ludvig Puusepp 1875 1942 surgeon Edmund Russow 1841 1897 biologist August Sabbe 1909 1978 Forest Brother Hermann Guido von Samson Himmelstjerna 1809 1868 physician Carl Schmidt 1822 1894 chemist Gustav Teichmuller 1832 1888 philosopher Hugo Treffner 1845 1912 pedagogue Mihkel Veske 1843 1890 poet and linguistSee also editList of cemeteries in Estonia Nazi Soviet population transfers Baltic GermansReferences edit a b Raadi cemetery Tartu cityseeker Retrieved 2021 04 19 Estonica org Grave of Julius Kuperjanov in Raadi cemetery www estonica org Retrieved 2021 04 19 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Raadi cemetery Raadi cemetery at Find a Grave nbsp 58 23 40 N 26 43 40 E 58 39444 N 26 72778 E 58 39444 26 72778 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Raadi cemetery amp oldid 1197844594, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
