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RAF Eye

Royal Air Force Eye or more simply RAF Eye is a former Royal Air Force station located 11 miles (18 km) northeast of Stowmarket, Suffolk, England on the northwest edge of Eye and south of Diss.

RAF Eye
USAAF Station 134
Located Near Stowmarket, Suffolk, United Kingdom
Aerial photograph of Eye Airfield, looking north, 16 July 1943 while still under construction . Photograph taken by 7th Photographic Reconnaissance Group, oriented north.
RAF Eye
RAF Eye, shown within Suffolk
Coordinates52°19′58.73″N 001°07′47.65″E / 52.3329806°N 1.1299028°E / 52.3329806; 1.1299028Coordinates: 52°19′58.73″N 001°07′47.65″E / 52.3329806°N 1.1299028°E / 52.3329806; 1.1299028
TypeMilitary airfield
CodeEY
Site information
Controlled byRoyal Air Force
United States Army Air Forces
Site history
Built1943
In use1944-1963
Battles/warsEuropean Theatre of World War II
Air Offensive, Europe July 1942 - May 1945
Garrison information
GarrisonEighth Air Force
RAF Bomber Command
Occupants490th Bombardment Group

History

Eye was a standard Class A airfield for heavy bombers. The U.S. Army 829th Engineer Battalion began construction of this WWII air base in September 1942, with the 827th Battalion arriving that December to assist. The 859th Battalion arrived in May of the following year when the 829th Battalion left. The bulk of the work was done in the summer of 1943 with the 827th setting records in pouring concrete while the 859th made their mark in building construction. Additional work was performed by British contractors.

The airfield was declared operational and turned over to the U.S. Army Air Forces on 7 December 1943, two years after the attack on Pearl Harbor. On 1 April 1944, the entire airfield was complete and occupied by the 8th Air Force, which designated it AAF Station 134. RAF Eye was one of the last wartime airfields to be built in the area and some of the equipment used in its construction remained for many years after the war.

United States Army Air Forces use

USAAF Station Units assigned to RAF Eye were:[1]

  • 477th Sub-Depot
  • 18th Weather Squadron
  • 329th Station Complement Squadron
  • 1240th Quartermaster Company
  • 1276th Military Police Company
  • 1448th Ordnance Supply & Maintenance Company
  • 814th Chemical Company
  • 2116th Engineer Fire Fighting Platoon

490th Bombardment Group (Heavy)

 
Ground personnel of the 490th Bomb Group work on a B-24 Liberator (serial number 42-94837 ) nicknamed "The Jinx 13" at Eye.
 
Boeing B-17G-85-BO Fortress Serial No. 43-38400 "Alice Blue Gown" of the 851st Bomb Squadron. This aircraft completed 67 missions.
 
A B-17 Flying Fortress (serial number 43-38729) of the 490th Bomb Group moves into takeoff position at Eye

The airfield was opened on 1 May 1944 and was used by the United States Army Air Forces Eighth Air Force 490th Bombardment Group (Heavy). The 490th arrived from Mountain Home AAF Idaho and was assigned to the 93d Combat Bombardment Wing. The group flew Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses and Consolidated B-24 Liberators as part of the Eighth Air Force's strategic bombing campaign.

The group tail code was initially a "Square-T" when it moved in with B-24 Liberators. After being re-equipped with B-17G Flying Fortresses, it adopted a red stripe at the top of aircraft fins.

Operational flying squadrons of the group were:

The 490th BG entered combat in June 1944 with B-24s, bombing airfields and coastal defences in France immediately preceding and during the invasion of Normandy. They targeted bridges, rail lines, vehicles, road junctions, and troop concentrations in France, in support of ground forces near Caen in July and near Brest in September 1944.

The group converted to B-17s in October and operated primarily against strategic targets until the end of February 1945. The 490th mounted attacks against enemy oil plants, tank factories, marshalling yards, aircraft plants, and airfields in such cities as Berlin, Hamburg, Merseburg, Münster, Kassel, Hannover, and Cologne. They interrupted strategic missions to attack supply lines and military installations during the Battle of the Bulge, December 1944-January 1945. Beginning in March 1945, they attacked interdictory targets and supported advancing ground forces.

After V-E Day, they carried food to flood stricken areas of the Netherlands and transported French, Spanish, and Belgian prisoners of war from Austria to Allied centres.

The 490th returned to the US to Drew Field, Florida on 3 September 1945, then was inactivated on 7 November 1945.

Postwar RAF use

With the war over, Eye transferred to RAF Bomber Command on 1 November 1945 as an active station. However, the airfield was gradually run down and was finally sold by the Air Ministry during 1962–63.

Current use

With the end of military control, Eye airfield was converted into an industrial estate with a large factory for processing straw being established in the hangars and former technical site. Later, other industrial development occurred and new buildings were built in the same area. There is a natural gas pumping station in the centre of the former airfield.

The world's first poultry litter-fuelled generating plant was built on the site in 1992. It produces 12.7 MW of power and consumes 140,000 tonnes of chicken litter a year and is owned by Energy Power Resources (EPR).

Many of the old taxiways and runways remain, along with a T-2 hangar and various wartime buildings in various states of repair and use.

Memorial

A memorial dedicated to those who served with the 490th Bombardment Group during World War II was unveiled on 29 May 2016.[2]

See also

References

  This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency.

Citations

  1. ^ "Eye". American Air Museum in Britain. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  2. ^ Murphy, Rebecca (29 May 2016). "War memorial honours US servicemen who served at Eye Airfield during Second World War". DissMercury. Retrieved 28 September 2017.

Bibliography

  • Freeman, Roger A. (1978) Airfields of the Eighth: Then and Now. After the Battle ISBN 0-900913-09-6
  • Freeman, Roger A. (1991) The Mighty Eighth The Colour Record. Cassell & Co. ISBN 0-304-35708-1
  • Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-89201-092-4.
  • RAF Eye airfield at Control Towers
  • Eye airfield at mighty8thaf.preller.us

External links

  • Current photos of Eye airfield
  • 490th Bomb Group Website
  • 490th Bomb Group Forum on .armyairforces.com

this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, february, 2013, learn, when, remove, this, template, message, royal, force, mo. This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations February 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message Royal Air Force Eye or more simply RAF Eye is a former Royal Air Force station located 11 miles 18 km northeast of Stowmarket Suffolk England on the northwest edge of Eye and south of Diss RAF EyeUSAAF Station 134Located Near Stowmarket Suffolk United KingdomAerial photograph of Eye Airfield looking north 16 July 1943 while still under construction Photograph taken by 7th Photographic Reconnaissance Group oriented north RAF EyeRAF Eye shown within SuffolkCoordinates52 19 58 73 N 001 07 47 65 E 52 3329806 N 1 1299028 E 52 3329806 1 1299028 Coordinates 52 19 58 73 N 001 07 47 65 E 52 3329806 N 1 1299028 E 52 3329806 1 1299028TypeMilitary airfieldCodeEYSite informationControlled byRoyal Air ForceUnited States Army Air ForcesSite historyBuilt1943In use1944 1963Battles warsEuropean Theatre of World War IIAir Offensive Europe July 1942 May 1945Garrison informationGarrisonEighth Air ForceRAF Bomber CommandOccupants490th Bombardment Group Contents 1 History 1 1 United States Army Air Forces use 1 1 1 490th Bombardment Group Heavy 1 2 Postwar RAF use 2 Current use 3 Memorial 4 See also 5 References 5 1 Citations 5 2 Bibliography 6 External linksHistory EditEye was a standard Class A airfield for heavy bombers The U S Army 829th Engineer Battalion began construction of this WWII air base in September 1942 with the 827th Battalion arriving that December to assist The 859th Battalion arrived in May of the following year when the 829th Battalion left The bulk of the work was done in the summer of 1943 with the 827th setting records in pouring concrete while the 859th made their mark in building construction Additional work was performed by British contractors The airfield was declared operational and turned over to the U S Army Air Forces on 7 December 1943 two years after the attack on Pearl Harbor On 1 April 1944 the entire airfield was complete and occupied by the 8th Air Force which designated it AAF Station 134 RAF Eye was one of the last wartime airfields to be built in the area and some of the equipment used in its construction remained for many years after the war United States Army Air Forces use Edit USAAF Station Units assigned to RAF Eye were 1 477th Sub Depot 18th Weather Squadron 329th Station Complement Squadron 1240th Quartermaster Company 1276th Military Police Company 1448th Ordnance Supply amp Maintenance Company 814th Chemical Company 2116th Engineer Fire Fighting Platoon490th Bombardment Group Heavy Edit Ground personnel of the 490th Bomb Group work on a B 24 Liberator serial number 42 94837 nicknamed The Jinx 13 at Eye Boeing B 17G 85 BO Fortress Serial No 43 38400 Alice Blue Gown of the 851st Bomb Squadron This aircraft completed 67 missions A B 17 Flying Fortress serial number 43 38729 of the 490th Bomb Group moves into takeoff position at Eye The airfield was opened on 1 May 1944 and was used by the United States Army Air Forces Eighth Air Force 490th Bombardment Group Heavy The 490th arrived from Mountain Home AAF Idaho and was assigned to the 93d Combat Bombardment Wing The group flew Boeing B 17 Flying Fortresses and Consolidated B 24 Liberators as part of the Eighth Air Force s strategic bombing campaign The group tail code was initially a Square T when it moved in with B 24 Liberators After being re equipped with B 17G Flying Fortresses it adopted a red stripe at the top of aircraft fins Operational flying squadrons of the group were 848th Bombardment Squadron 7W 849th Bombardment Squadron W8 850th Bombardment Squadron 7Q 851st Bombardment Squadron S3 The 490th BG entered combat in June 1944 with B 24s bombing airfields and coastal defences in France immediately preceding and during the invasion of Normandy They targeted bridges rail lines vehicles road junctions and troop concentrations in France in support of ground forces near Caen in July and near Brest in September 1944 The group converted to B 17s in October and operated primarily against strategic targets until the end of February 1945 The 490th mounted attacks against enemy oil plants tank factories marshalling yards aircraft plants and airfields in such cities as Berlin Hamburg Merseburg Munster Kassel Hannover and Cologne They interrupted strategic missions to attack supply lines and military installations during the Battle of the Bulge December 1944 January 1945 Beginning in March 1945 they attacked interdictory targets and supported advancing ground forces After V E Day they carried food to flood stricken areas of the Netherlands and transported French Spanish and Belgian prisoners of war from Austria to Allied centres The 490th returned to the US to Drew Field Florida on 3 September 1945 then was inactivated on 7 November 1945 Postwar RAF use Edit With the war over Eye transferred to RAF Bomber Command on 1 November 1945 as an active station However the airfield was gradually run down and was finally sold by the Air Ministry during 1962 63 Current use EditWith the end of military control Eye airfield was converted into an industrial estate with a large factory for processing straw being established in the hangars and former technical site Later other industrial development occurred and new buildings were built in the same area There is a natural gas pumping station in the centre of the former airfield The world s first poultry litter fuelled generating plant was built on the site in 1992 It produces 12 7 MW of power and consumes 140 000 tonnes of chicken litter a year and is owned by Energy Power Resources EPR Many of the old taxiways and runways remain along with a T 2 hangar and various wartime buildings in various states of repair and use Memorial EditA memorial dedicated to those who served with the 490th Bombardment Group during World War II was unveiled on 29 May 2016 2 See also Edit United Kingdom portal Aviation portal War portal World War II portalList of former Royal Air Force stationsReferences Edit This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency Citations Edit Eye American Air Museum in Britain Retrieved 7 March 2015 Murphy Rebecca 29 May 2016 War memorial honours US servicemen who served at Eye Airfield during Second World War DissMercury Retrieved 28 September 2017 Bibliography Edit Freeman Roger A 1978 Airfields of the Eighth Then and Now After the Battle ISBN 0 900913 09 6 Freeman Roger A 1991 The Mighty Eighth The Colour Record Cassell amp Co ISBN 0 304 35708 1 Maurer Maurer 1983 Air Force Combat Units of World War II Maxwell AFB Alabama Office of Air Force History ISBN 0 89201 092 4 RAF Eye airfield at Control Towers Eye airfield at mighty8thaf preller usExternal links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to RAF Eye Current photos of Eye airfield 490th Bomb Group Website 490th Bomb Group Forum on armyairforces com Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title RAF Eye amp oldid 1135221982, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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