Quercus ithaburensis, the Mount Tabor oak, is a tree in the beech family Fagaceae. It is found from southeastern Italy to the Palestine region.[2] It is the national tree of Jordan.[4] Two subspecies are accepted, Quercus ithaburensis subsp. ithaburensis and Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis (syn. Quercus macrolepis, the Valonia oak).[2] Together with Quercus brantii, it forms a clade of distinct, closely related species within the oaksection Cerris.[5]
Quercus ithaburensis is a small to medium-sized semi-evergreen to tardily deciduous tree growing to a maximum height of around 15 metres (49 feet) with a rounded crown and often with a gnarled trunk and branches. The leaves are 4–9 centimetres (1+1⁄2–3+1⁄2 inches) long and 2–5 cm wide, oval in shape, with 7 to 10 pairs of either teeth (most common) or shallow lobes (rare) along a revolute margin. They are dark glossy green above and gray tomentose below.[6][7]
The male flowers are light green 5-cm long catkins while the wind-pollinated female flowers are small, up to 0.4 millimetres (1⁄32 in), produced in threes on short stalks called peduncles. Flowering occurs from March through April in most of its native range. The acorns are generally oval, up to 5 cm long and 3 cm wide with a cap covering roughly one-third of the acorn, maturing in 18 months, dropping from the tree in the second autumn after pollination. The cap is covered in long stiff loose scales which are rolled backwards or involute, especially along the edges of the cap.[6][7][8]
Quercus ithaburensis subsp. ithaburensis – Turkey to the Palestine region[9]
Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt., syn. Quercus macrolepis, the Valonia oak[10] – throughout the range of the species except the Palestine region[3]
The cups of Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis, known as valonia, are used for tanning and dyeing as are the unripe acorns called camata or camatina. The ripe acorns are eaten raw or boiled.[12]
^ abGorener, V.; Jerome, D. (2018). "Quercus ithaburensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T194178A2303017. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T194178A2303017.en. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
^ abcde"Quercus ithaburensis Decne." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
^ ab"Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
^Mouterde, Paul 1966. Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie 1: 365
^"Vallonea or Aegilops Oaks, a Short Review". International Oak Society. 2016-06-04. Retrieved 2022-11-18.
^Menitsky, Yu.L. (2005). Oaks of Asia. Science Publishers ISBN1-57808-229-3.
^"Quercus ithaburensis subsp. ithaburensis". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
^Society for Valonia Oak website June 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
^Marom, Roy (2022-12-01). "יער השרון (אל-ע'אבה) בתקופה העות'מאנית: בתקופה מהמחקר חדשות תובנות הגיאוגרפי-היסטורי The Oak Forest of the Sharon (al-Ghaba) in the Ottoman Period: New Insights from Historical- Geographical Studies". Muse. 5: 90–107.
^Qercus aegilops on food.oregonstate.edu July 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
External linksedit
Line drawing from Flora Palaestina
December 01, 2023
quercus, ithaburensis, mount, tabor, tree, beech, family, fagaceae, found, from, southeastern, italy, palestine, region, national, tree, jordan, subspecies, accepted, subsp, ithaburensis, subsp, macrolepis, quercus, macrolepis, valonia, together, with, quercus. Quercus ithaburensis the Mount Tabor oak is a tree in the beech family Fagaceae It is found from southeastern Italy to the Palestine region 2 It is the national tree of Jordan 4 Two subspecies are accepted Quercus ithaburensis subsp ithaburensis and Quercus ithaburensis subsp macrolepis syn Quercus macrolepis the Valonia oak 2 Together with Quercus brantii it forms a clade of distinct closely related species within the oak section Cerris 5 Quercus ithaburensisConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder FagalesFamily FagaceaeGenus QuercusSubgenus Quercus subg CerrisSection Quercus sect CerrisSpecies Q ithaburensisBinomial nameQuercus ithaburensisDecne Distribution mapSynonyms 2 Of the species 2 Quercus aegilops var ithaburensis Decne Boiss Quercus aegilops subsp ithaburensis Decne EigQuercus macrolepis subsp ithaburensis Decne BrowiczOf subsp macrolepis 3 Quercus aegilops subsp macrolepis Kotschy A CamusQuercus aegilops subsp pyrami Kotschy A CamusQuercus aegilops subsp vallonea Kotschy A CamusQuercus aegilops L nom rej Quercus agriobalanidea PapaioannouQuercus cretica Bald Quercus echinata Lam Quercus ehrenbergii KotschyQuercus graeca KotschyQuercus hypoleuca Kotschy ex A DC Quercus macrolepis KotschyQuercus massana Ehrenb ex Wenz Quercus pyrami KotschyQuercus vallonea A DC Quercus vallonea KotschyQuercus ventricosa Koehne Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Uses 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksDescription editQuercus ithaburensis is a small to medium sized semi evergreen to tardily deciduous tree growing to a maximum height of around 15 metres 49 feet with a rounded crown and often with a gnarled trunk and branches The leaves are 4 9 centimetres 1 1 2 3 1 2 inches long and 2 5 cm wide oval in shape with 7 to 10 pairs of either teeth most common or shallow lobes rare along a revolute margin They are dark glossy green above and gray tomentose below 6 7 The male flowers are light green 5 cm long catkins while the wind pollinated female flowers are small up to 0 4 millimetres 1 32 in produced in threes on short stalks called peduncles Flowering occurs from March through April in most of its native range The acorns are generally oval up to 5 cm long and 3 cm wide with a cap covering roughly one third of the acorn maturing in 18 months dropping from the tree in the second autumn after pollination The cap is covered in long stiff loose scales which are rolled backwards or involute especially along the edges of the cap 6 7 8 Taxonomy editTwo subspecies are accepted 2 Quercus ithaburensis subsp ithaburensis Turkey to the Palestine region 9 Quercus ithaburensis subsp macrolepis Kotschy Hedge amp Yalt syn Quercus macrolepis the Valonia oak 10 throughout the range of the species except the Palestine region 3 Distribution and habitat editQuercus ithaburensis is native from the central and east Mediterranean basin This oak grows in southeastern Italy South Albania coast areas and islands of Greece South and West Turkey Syria Lebanon Israel and Jordan 1 Before the 20th century the Plain of Sharon was covered by open woodland dominated by Quercus ithaburensis which extended from Kfar Yona in the north to Ra ananna in the south The local Arab inhabitants traditionally used the area for pasture firewood and intermittent cultivation The intensification of settlement and agriculture in the coastal plain during the 19th century led to deforestation and subsequent environmental degradation known from Hebrew sources 11 Uses editThe cups of Quercus ithaburensis subsp macrolepis known as valonia are used for tanning and dyeing as are the unripe acorns called camata or camatina The ripe acorns are eaten raw or boiled 12 nbsp Quercus ithaburensis ssp macrolepisSee also editValoneic acidReferences edit a b Gorener V Jerome D 2018 Quercus ithaburensis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T194178A2303017 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 1 RLTS T194178A2303017 en Retrieved 26 December 2022 a b c d e Quercus ithaburensis Decne Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 2023 02 21 a b Quercus ithaburensis subsp macrolepis Kotschy Hedge amp Yalt Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 2023 02 21 Mouterde Paul 1966 Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie 1 365 Vallonea or Aegilops Oaks a Short Review International Oak Society 2016 06 04 Retrieved 2022 11 18 a b Oaks of the World Quercus ithaburensis a b Wild Flowers of Israel Quercus ithaburensis Menitsky Yu L 2005 Oaks of Asia Science Publishers ISBN 1 57808 229 3 Quercus ithaburensis subsp ithaburensis Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 2023 02 21 Society for Valonia Oak website Archived June 25 2011 at the Wayback Machine Marom Roy 2022 12 01 יער השרון אל ע אבה בתקופה העות מאנית בתקופה מהמחקר חדשות תובנות הגיאוגרפי היסטורי The Oak Forest of the Sharon al Ghaba in the Ottoman Period New Insights from Historical Geographical Studies Muse 5 90 107 Qercus aegilops on food oregonstate edu Archived July 21 2010 at the Wayback MachineExternal links editLine drawing from Flora Palaestina Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Quercus ithaburensis amp oldid 1181905704, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
