Quercus frainetto (synonymsQuercus conferta, Quercus farnetto), commonly known as the Hungarian oak, is a species of oak, native to southeastern Europe (parts of Italy, the Balkans, parts of Hungary, Romania) and Turkey. It is classified in Quercus sect. Quercus.[2]
Quercus frainetto is a large deciduoustree, reaching heights of 38 metres (125 feet) tall by 20 m (66 ft) broad,[3] with a trunk girth of nearly 2 m (7 ft). The bark is light gray in colour and cracks into small square cracking plates. The buds are large, long and pointed, shiny russet or light brown in colour with minute tomentum. The twigs are stout and covered with russet upward pointed hairs.
The leaves are large, 14–25 centimetres (6–10 inches) long, occasionally up to 33 cm (13 in), variable in shape, divided into 6–10 very deep parallel lobes which are usually divided into sublobes. The leaf stalks are usually short, 2–6 millimetres (3⁄32–1⁄4 inch), rarely to 22 mm, long. The leaves are widest close to the apex, which is broad and short pointed. The base of the leaf usually has auricles which sometimes overlap the twig. The light yellow green expanding leaves turn rich dark green by the beginning of summer. The leaves are covered with minute russet hairs, especially the lower surface. The leaves are concentrated at the ends of twigs. The leaves turn brown, russet or yellow in fall and sometimes remain attached to the twigs until the following spring.
The light brown acorns mature in about 6 months. They are 15–35 mm (5⁄8–1+3⁄8 in) long, egg shaped, usually with a blunt apex. The acorn cup is covered with long overlapping scales and russet hairs. The acorns tend to concentrate in groups of two to eight at the ends of twigs.
The centre of the tree's native range is in the Balkans. It is adapted to the subcontinental climate of southeastern Europe, but the main factor of its occurrence at a particular site is the soil. It is specially adapted to heavy acidic soils (cambisols and vertisols), typical of Kosovo, Serbia, Bulgaria and Romania. These soils are usually leached out, very dry in the summer and sometimes waterlogged in the spring. However, the Hungarian oak does not tolerate flooding or high water tables. It is also extremely sensitive to the presence of lime in the soil. Hence, in contradiction to its English vernacular name, which was assigned when the Kingdom of Hungary controlled large parts of the Balkans, the Hungarian oak is a very rare tree in modern Hungary, where the soils are generally very rich in lime. The Hungarian oak-Turkey oak forest (Quercetum frainetto-cerris Rud.) is the most widespread association of this oak in the Balkans, which is also the most common forest type in Serbia and Kosovo.
^Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017-11-02). "Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks" (xls). figshare. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.5547622.v1. Retrieved 2023-02-17.
^RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN978-1405332965.
quercus, frainetto, synonyms, quercus, conferta, quercus, farnetto, commonly, known, hungarian, species, native, southeastern, europe, parts, italy, balkans, parts, hungary, romania, turkey, classified, quercus, sect, quercus, scientific, classificationkingdom. Quercus frainetto synonyms Quercus conferta Quercus farnetto commonly known as the Hungarian oak is a species of oak native to southeastern Europe parts of Italy the Balkans parts of Hungary Romania and Turkey It is classified in Quercus sect Quercus 2 Quercus frainettoScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder FagalesFamily FagaceaeGenus QuercusSubgenus Quercus subg QuercusSection Quercus sect QuercusSpecies Q frainettoBinomial nameQuercus frainettoTen Distribution mapSynonyms 1 List Quercus apennina Loisel Quercus byzantina BorbasQuercus conferta Kit Quercus conferta Kit Vuk Quercus esculiformis O SchwarzQuercus esculus PolliniQuercus farnetto Ten Quercus pannonica Endl Quercus slavonica Kit ex BorbasQuercus spectabilis Kit ex Simonk Quercus strigosa Wierzb ex Rochel Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution and habitat 3 Cultivation 4 References 5 External linksDescription editQuercus frainetto is a large deciduous tree reaching heights of 38 metres 125 feet tall by 20 m 66 ft broad 3 with a trunk girth of nearly 2 m 7 ft The bark is light gray in colour and cracks into small square cracking plates The buds are large long and pointed shiny russet or light brown in colour with minute tomentum The twigs are stout and covered with russet upward pointed hairs The leaves are large 14 25 centimetres 6 10 inches long occasionally up to 33 cm 13 in variable in shape divided into 6 10 very deep parallel lobes which are usually divided into sublobes The leaf stalks are usually short 2 6 millimetres 3 32 1 4 inch rarely to 22 mm long The leaves are widest close to the apex which is broad and short pointed The base of the leaf usually has auricles which sometimes overlap the twig The light yellow green expanding leaves turn rich dark green by the beginning of summer The leaves are covered with minute russet hairs especially the lower surface The leaves are concentrated at the ends of twigs The leaves turn brown russet or yellow in fall and sometimes remain attached to the twigs until the following spring The light brown acorns mature in about 6 months They are 15 35 mm 5 8 1 3 8 in long egg shaped usually with a blunt apex The acorn cup is covered with long overlapping scales and russet hairs The acorns tend to concentrate in groups of two to eight at the ends of twigs nbsp Leaves Kew Gardens nbsp Mature specimen Kew GardensDistribution and habitat editSee also Balkan mixed forests nbsp Hungarian oak forestThe centre of the tree s native range is in the Balkans It is adapted to the subcontinental climate of southeastern Europe but the main factor of its occurrence at a particular site is the soil It is specially adapted to heavy acidic soils cambisols and vertisols typical of Kosovo Serbia Bulgaria and Romania These soils are usually leached out very dry in the summer and sometimes waterlogged in the spring However the Hungarian oak does not tolerate flooding or high water tables It is also extremely sensitive to the presence of lime in the soil Hence in contradiction to its English vernacular name which was assigned when the Kingdom of Hungary controlled large parts of the Balkans the Hungarian oak is a very rare tree in modern Hungary where the soils are generally very rich in lime The Hungarian oak Turkey oak forest Quercetum frainetto cerris Rud is the most widespread association of this oak in the Balkans which is also the most common forest type in Serbia and Kosovo Cultivation editThis tree is cultivated in parks and large gardens and the cultivar Hungarian Crown has gained the Royal Horticultural Society s Award of Garden Merit 4 5 References edit Quercus frainetto Ten World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Royal Botanic Gardens Kew via The Plant List Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online Denk Thomas Grimm Guido W Manos Paul S Deng Min amp Hipp Andrew L 2017 11 02 Appendix 2 1 An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks xls figshare doi 10 6084 m9 figshare 5547622 v1 Retrieved 2023 02 17 RHS A Z encyclopedia of garden plants United Kingdom Dorling Kindersley 2008 p 1136 ISBN 978 1405332965 RHS Plant Selector Quercus frainetto Hungarian Crown Retrieved 17 February 2021 AGM Plants Ornamental PDF Royal Horticultural Society July 2017 p 82 Retrieved 23 September 2018 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quercus frainetto Bean W J 1976 Trees and shrubs hardy in the British Isles 8th ed revised John Murray Quercus frainetto Flora Europaea Edinburgh Royal Botanical Garden 2008 Rushforth K 1999 Trees of Britain and Europe HarperCollins ISBN 0 00 220013 9 in French Chenes Quercus frainettoExternal links editQuercus frainetto information genetic conservation units and related resources European Forest Genetic Resources Programme EUFORGEN Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Quercus frainetto amp oldid 1153832614, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
