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Queen's Indian Defense

January 31, 2023

The Queen's Indian Defense[1] (QID) is a chess opening defined by the moves:

Queen's Indian Defense
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8
8
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abcdefgh
Moves1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 b6
ECOE12–E19
ParentIndian Defense
Synonym(s)QID
1. d4 Nf6
2. c4 e6
3. Nf3 b6

The opening is a solid defense to the Queen's Pawn Game.[2] 3...b6 increases Black's control over the central light squares e4 and d5 by preparing to fianchetto the queen's bishop, with the opening deriving its name from this maneuver. As in the other Indian defenses, Black attempts to control the center with pieces in hypermodern style, instead of occupying it with pawns in classical style.

By playing 3.Nf3, White sidesteps the Nimzo-Indian Defense that arises after 3.Nc3 Bb4. The Queen's Indian is regarded as the sister opening of the Nimzo-Indian, since both openings aim to impede White's efforts to gain full control of the center by playing e2–e4. Together, they are a well-respected response to 1.d4.

This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.

Main line: 4.g3

4. g3 (ECO E15–E19) has long been White's most popular line against the Queen's Indian. It contests the long diagonal by preparing to fianchetto the light-squared bishop. The standard response for Black through the 1970s was 4...Bb7, but 4...Ba6 has since become the topical line. A rarer third option is 4...Bb4+, which aims to exchange the less useful dark-squared bishop, though this line tends to leave Black with a slightly passive position.

Modern main line: 4...Ba6

White can defend the pawn at c4 with a piece by playing 5.Nbd2, 5.Qa4, 5.Qc2 or 5.Qb3, but these moves all diminish control of d4, making ...c7–c5 an effective reply for Black; therefore 5. b3 is White's most common response.[3] However, it weakens the dark squares slightly, which Black can take advantage of by playing 5... Bb4+. Now 6.Nbd2? loses material after 6...Bc3 7.Rb1 Bb7 threatening 8...Be4, an opening trap which has ensnared players such as Kamran Shirazi.[4] White's best move is therefore 6. Bd2. However, after 6... Be7 7. Bg2 c6 Black is ready to play ...d7–d5, again attacking the c-pawn. If White plays cxd5 then ...cxd5 is considered to equalize for Black. Thus White usually plays 8. Bc3 to clear the d2-square, and after 8... d5 White can play in two ways. After 9. Nbd2 Nbd7 10. 0-0 0-0 11. Re1 c5 Black has achieved his thematic pawn break before White and the resulting position after 12. e4 dxe4 13. Nxe4 is equal. Therefore, the main line continues 9. Ne5 and since Black does not want White to maintain this knight on a strong central outpost, play continues 9... Nfd7 10. Nxd7 Nxd7 11. Nd2 0-0 12. 0-0 Rc8 13. e4. By diverting the black knight on move 9 it is now White who has achieved his central pawn break first. The effect of Black's check 5...Bb4+ has been to lure White's bishop to c3 where it blocks the c-file. This, the current main line of the Queen's Indian, is considered equal by theory and became a frequent guest in grandmaster praxis in the 1980s.

After 5. b3, Black also has several playable alternatives to 5...Bb4+, the most common of which is 5... Bb7 6. Bg2 Bb4+ 7. Bd2 a5. When White plays Nc3, Black will exchange bishop for knight in order to enhance his control over the central light squares, and play on the queenside with moves such as ...a5–a4 and ...b5. Other possibilities for Black include 5...d5 and 5...b5.

More recently, several grandmasters, including Alexander Beliavsky, Ni Hua, Veselin Topalov, and Magnus Carlsen, have played 5. Qc2. The idea is to allow Black's counterthrust ...c5, the main line running 5... Bb7 6. Bg2 c5. The fashion is for White to sacrifice a pawn with 7. d5, gaining active play. This idea has scored well for White,[5] and new ideas have been cropping up since 2008.[6] The 5.Qc2 lines had previously scored poorly for White according to Emms.[3]

Old main line: 4...Bb7

The classical main line of the Queen's Indian, the most frequently played line from the 1950s until 4...Ba6 became popular in the 1980s, usually continues: 5. Bg2 Be7 6. 0-0 0-0 7. Nc3 Ne4 8. Qc2 Nxc3 9. Qxc3. White has a spatial advantage, but Black has no weaknesses and can choose from a variety of ways to create counterplay, such as 9... c5, 9... f5 or 9... Be4. These lines are well known for their drawish tendencies and 4... Bb7 is nowadays often employed by Black as a drawing weapon. White has tried various deviations from the main line in an attempt to unbalance the play. These include:

  • 8. Bd2, which defends the knight on c3 and threatens a d4–d5 push.
  • 7. d5!?, introduced by Arturo Pomar, and rejuvenated by Lev Polugaevsky's continuation 7... exd5 8. Nh4 threatening to regain the pawn on d5 or to play Nf5.
  • 6. Nc3, which postpones castling in favor of preparing action in the center with the d4–d5 and e2–e4 thrusts.

Other lines

4.a3

The Petrosian Variation, prepares 5.Nc3 by stopping ...Bb4 pinning the knight. White intends to follow up with Nc3 and e4, building a large pawn center. Black usually responds by contesting the e4-square with ...Bb7 and ...d5. (See Gurevich, 1992, for an extensive analysis.) This variation was often used by Garry Kasparov early in his career.

4.Nc3

Black can choose between 4...Bb7 and 4...Bb4.

  • 4... Bb7
    • 5. a3 became the more common move order to reach the Petrosian system by the mid-1980s, where White has avoided 4.a3 c5 5.d5 Ba6 and 4.a3 Ba6.
    • 5. Bg5 is an older line which gives Black good equalizing chances after 5...h6 6.Bh4 g5 7.Bg3 Nh5 8.e3 Nxg3 9.hxg3 Bg7. After 5...Be7, White can play 6.e3 or 6.Qc2.
  • 4... Bb4 (or the transposition 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.Nf3 b6) is a Queen's Indian/Nimzo-Indian line. Moves for White include 5.Bg5, 5.e3, and 5.Qb3.
    • After 5. Bg5, Black may play 5...Bb7 or 5...h6.
      • 5...Bb7 6.e3 h6, White can play 7.Bh4.
      • 5...h6 6.Bh4 Bb7 (or by transposition 4...Bb7 5.Bg5 h6 6.Bh4 Bb4), White can play 7.e3. The position after 6...g5 7.Bg3 Ne4 8.Qc2 was heavily played and analyzed in the 1980s.
    • After 5. e3, Black usually plays 5...Bb7. White usually plays 6.Bd3 for the Fischer Variation of the Nimzo-Indian (or by transposition 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e3 b6 5.Bd3 Bb7 6.Nf3). White can play 6.e3, then Black usually plays 6...h6, although 6.Nd2 or 6.Qc2 may be better.
    • After 5. Qb3, Black usually plays 5...c5.

4.e3

Preparing to develop the king's bishop and castle kingside, was also a favorite of Tigran Petrosian. This apparently quiet development may lead to complex middlegame play. Black usually replies 4...Bb7, then play may continue 5.Bd3 d5 6.0-0 or 5.Nc3 Bb4, transposing into the Nimzo-Indian Defence.

4.Bf4

The Miles Variation, which simply develops the bishop to a good square. Despite some success by its originator, this idea has never been popular.

ECO codes

The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings classifies the Queen's Indian under codes E12 to E19 according to the following scheme:

  • E12 – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 b6
  • E13 – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 b6 4.Nc3 Bb7 5.Bg5
  • E14 – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 b6 4.e3
  • E15 – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 b6 4.g3
  • E16 – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 b6 4.g3 Bb7
  • E17 – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 b6 4.g3 Bb7 5.Bg2 Be7
  • E18 – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 b6 4.g3 Bb7 5.Bg2 Be7 6.0-0 0-0 7.Nc3
  • E19 – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 b6 4.g3 Bb7 5.Bg2 Be7 6.0-0 0-0 7.Nc3 Ne4 8.Qc2

References

  1. ^ Gurevich, Mikhail (1992). Queen's Indian Defence: Kasparov System. Batsford Chess Library. ISBN 0-8050-2315-1.
  2. ^ Pein, Malcolm (14 December 2007). Three Indian tales, The Daily Telegraph.
  3. ^ a b John Emms (2004). Starting Out: The Queen's Indian. Everyman Chess. ISBN 1-85744-363-2.
  4. ^ "Kamran G Shirazi vs Joel Benjamin". Chessgames.com. Retrieved 2009-04-13.
  5. ^ Nimzo & Benoni Update November 2007 Chesspublishing.com, John Emms
  6. ^ Nimzo & Benoni Update September 2008 Chesspublishing.com, John Emms

Further reading

 
The Wikibook Chess Opening Theory has a page on the topic of: Queen's Indian Defense

January 31, 2023
queen, indian, defense, chess, opening, defined, moves, abcdefgh8877665544332211abcdefghmoves1, b6ecoe12, e19parentindian, defensesynonym, b6the, opening, solid, defense, queen, pawn, game, increases, black, control, over, central, light, squares, preparing, f. The Queen s Indian Defense 1 QID is a chess opening defined by the moves Queen s Indian Defenseabcdefgh8877665544332211abcdefghMoves1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 e6 3 Nf3 b6ECOE12 E19ParentIndian DefenseSynonym s QID 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 e6 3 Nf3 b6The opening is a solid defense to the Queen s Pawn Game 2 3 b6 increases Black s control over the central light squares e4 and d5 by preparing to fianchetto the queen s bishop with the opening deriving its name from this maneuver As in the other Indian defenses Black attempts to control the center with pieces in hypermodern style instead of occupying it with pawns in classical style By playing 3 Nf3 White sidesteps the Nimzo Indian Defense that arises after 3 Nc3 Bb4 The Queen s Indian is regarded as the sister opening of the Nimzo Indian since both openings aim to impede White s efforts to gain full control of the center by playing e2 e4 Together they are a well respected response to 1 d4 Contents 1 Main line 4 g3 1 1 Modern main line 4 Ba6 1 2 Old main line 4 Bb7 2 Other lines 2 1 4 a3 2 2 4 Nc3 2 3 4 e3 2 4 4 Bf4 3 ECO codes 4 References 5 Further readingThis article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves Main line 4 g3 Edit4 g3 ECO E15 E19 has long been White s most popular line against the Queen s Indian It contests the long diagonal by preparing to fianchetto the light squared bishop The standard response for Black through the 1970s was 4 Bb7 but 4 Ba6 has since become the topical line A rarer third option is 4 Bb4 which aims to exchange the less useful dark squared bishop though this line tends to leave Black with a slightly passive position Modern main line 4 Ba6 Edit White can defend the pawn at c4 with a piece by playing 5 Nbd2 5 Qa4 5 Qc2 or 5 Qb3 but these moves all diminish control of d4 making c7 c5 an effective reply for Black therefore 5 b3 is White s most common response 3 However it weakens the dark squares slightly which Black can take advantage of by playing 5 Bb4 Now 6 Nbd2 loses material after 6 Bc3 7 Rb1 Bb7 threatening 8 Be4 an opening trap which has ensnared players such as Kamran Shirazi 4 White s best move is therefore 6 Bd2 However after 6 Be7 7 Bg2 c6 Black is ready to play d7 d5 again attacking the c pawn If White plays cxd5 then cxd5 is considered to equalize for Black Thus White usually plays 8 Bc3 to clear the d2 square and after 8 d5 White can play in two ways After 9 Nbd2 Nbd7 10 0 0 0 0 11 Re1 c5 Black has achieved his thematic pawn break before White and the resulting position after 12 e4 dxe4 13 Nxe4 is equal Therefore the main line continues 9 Ne5 and since Black does not want White to maintain this knight on a strong central outpost play continues 9 Nfd7 10 Nxd7 Nxd7 11 Nd2 0 0 12 0 0 Rc8 13 e4 By diverting the black knight on move 9 it is now White who has achieved his central pawn break first The effect of Black s check 5 Bb4 has been to lure White s bishop to c3 where it blocks the c file This the current main line of the Queen s Indian is considered equal by theory and became a frequent guest in grandmaster praxis in the 1980s After 5 b3 Black also has several playable alternatives to 5 Bb4 the most common of which is 5 Bb7 6 Bg2 Bb4 7 Bd2 a5 When White plays Nc3 Black will exchange bishop for knight in order to enhance his control over the central light squares and play on the queenside with moves such as a5 a4 and b5 Other possibilities for Black include 5 d5 and 5 b5 More recently several grandmasters including Alexander Beliavsky Ni Hua Veselin Topalov and Magnus Carlsen have played 5 Qc2 The idea is to allow Black s counterthrust c5 the main line running 5 Bb7 6 Bg2 c5 The fashion is for White to sacrifice a pawn with 7 d5 gaining active play This idea has scored well for White 5 and new ideas have been cropping up since 2008 6 The 5 Qc2 lines had previously scored poorly for White according to Emms 3 Old main line 4 Bb7 Edit The classical main line of the Queen s Indian the most frequently played line from the 1950s until 4 Ba6 became popular in the 1980s usually continues 5 Bg2 Be7 6 0 0 0 0 7 Nc3 Ne4 8 Qc2 Nxc3 9 Qxc3 White has a spatial advantage but Black has no weaknesses and can choose from a variety of ways to create counterplay such as 9 c5 9 f5 or 9 Be4 These lines are well known for their drawish tendencies and 4 Bb7 is nowadays often employed by Black as a drawing weapon White has tried various deviations from the main line in an attempt to unbalance the play These include 8 Bd2 which defends the knight on c3 and threatens a d4 d5 push 7 d5 introduced by Arturo Pomar and rejuvenated by Lev Polugaevsky s continuation 7 exd5 8 Nh4 threatening to regain the pawn on d5 or to play Nf5 6 Nc3 which postpones castling in favor of preparing action in the center with the d4 d5 and e2 e4 thrusts Other lines Edit4 a3 Edit The Petrosian Variation prepares 5 Nc3 by stopping Bb4 pinning the knight White intends to follow up with Nc3 and e4 building a large pawn center Black usually responds by contesting the e4 square with Bb7 and d5 See Gurevich 1992 for an extensive analysis This variation was often used by Garry Kasparov early in his career 4 Nc3 Edit Black can choose between 4 Bb7 and 4 Bb4 4 Bb7 5 a3 became the more common move order to reach the Petrosian system by the mid 1980s where White has avoided 4 a3 c5 5 d5 Ba6 and 4 a3 Ba6 5 Bg5 is an older line which gives Black good equalizing chances after 5 h6 6 Bh4 g5 7 Bg3 Nh5 8 e3 Nxg3 9 hxg3 Bg7 After 5 Be7 White can play 6 e3 or 6 Qc2 4 Bb4 or the transposition 3 Nc3 Bb4 4 Nf3 b6 is a Queen s Indian Nimzo Indian line Moves for White include 5 Bg5 5 e3 and 5 Qb3 After 5 Bg5 Black may play 5 Bb7 or 5 h6 5 Bb7 6 e3 h6 White can play 7 Bh4 5 h6 6 Bh4 Bb7 or by transposition 4 Bb7 5 Bg5 h6 6 Bh4 Bb4 White can play 7 e3 The position after 6 g5 7 Bg3 Ne4 8 Qc2 was heavily played and analyzed in the 1980s After 5 e3 Black usually plays 5 Bb7 White usually plays 6 Bd3 for the Fischer Variation of the Nimzo Indian or by transposition 3 Nc3 Bb4 4 e3 b6 5 Bd3 Bb7 6 Nf3 White can play 6 e3 then Black usually plays 6 h6 although 6 Nd2 or 6 Qc2 may be better After 5 Qb3 Black usually plays 5 c5 4 e3 Edit Preparing to develop the king s bishop and castle kingside was also a favorite of Tigran Petrosian This apparently quiet development may lead to complex middlegame play Black usually replies 4 Bb7 then play may continue 5 Bd3 d5 6 0 0 or 5 Nc3 Bb4 transposing into the Nimzo Indian Defence 4 Bf4 Edit The Miles Variation which simply develops the bishop to a good square Despite some success by its originator this idea has never been popular ECO codes EditThe Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings classifies the Queen s Indian under codes E12 to E19 according to the following scheme E12 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 e6 3 Nf3 b6 E13 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 e6 3 Nf3 b6 4 Nc3 Bb7 5 Bg5 E14 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 e6 3 Nf3 b6 4 e3 E15 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 e6 3 Nf3 b6 4 g3 E16 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 e6 3 Nf3 b6 4 g3 Bb7 E17 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 e6 3 Nf3 b6 4 g3 Bb7 5 Bg2 Be7 E18 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 e6 3 Nf3 b6 4 g3 Bb7 5 Bg2 Be7 6 0 0 0 0 7 Nc3 E19 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 e6 3 Nf3 b6 4 g3 Bb7 5 Bg2 Be7 6 0 0 0 0 7 Nc3 Ne4 8 Qc2References Edit Gurevich Mikhail 1992 Queen s Indian Defence Kasparov System Batsford Chess Library ISBN 0 8050 2315 1 Pein Malcolm 14 December 2007 Three Indian tales The Daily Telegraph a b John Emms 2004 Starting Out The Queen s Indian Everyman Chess ISBN 1 85744 363 2 Kamran G Shirazi vs Joel Benjamin Chessgames com Retrieved 2009 04 13 Nimzo amp Benoni Update November 2007 Chesspublishing com John Emms Nimzo amp Benoni Update September 2008 Chesspublishing com John EmmsFurther reading Edit The Wikibook Chess Opening Theory has a page on the topic of Queen s Indian Defense Soltis Andrew 1981 Queen s Indian Defense R H M Press ISBN 978 0 89058 051 6 Kallai Gabor Ribli Zoltan 1987 Winning With the Queen s Indian Simon amp Schuster ISBN 978 0 02 029801 4 Lalic Bogdan 1997 The Queen s Indian Defence Everyman Chess ISBN 978 1 85744 157 4 Aagaard Jacob 2002 Queen s Indian Defence Everyman Chess ISBN 1 85744 300 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Queen 27s Indian Defense amp oldid 1132989075, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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