Quercus pyrenaica, also known as Pyrenean oak,[3] or Spanish oak[4] is a tree native to southwestern Europe and northwestern North Africa. Despite its common name, it is rarely found in the Pyrenees Mountains and is more abundant in northern Portugal and north and northwestern Spain.
Quercus pyrenaica is a tall deciduous tree, often marcescent in immature individuals,[6] up to 25 metres (80 feet) tall, though it is sometimes found as a bush or small tree. It has an average lifespan of 300 years.[7] The leaves have short petioles and are deeply and irregularly lobed, with four to eight pairs of lobes per leaf. There are stellate hairs on both sides of the leaf.[8] Roots frequently produce suckers. The species has high resprouting capabilities.[1]
Seedling
Leaves and acorns
Habitat
Quercus pyrenaica in winter
Bark texture
Distribution and habitatEdit
Quercus pyrenaica is native to the Iberian Peninsula and parts of southwest France and northern Morocco inhabiting mainly subatlantic or continental environments up to 2,100 m (6,900 ft) in elevation.[8] In the Iberian Peninsula, which represents 95% of its population,[1] it occupies mainly the northern portion, south of the Cantabrian Mountains, very common in the west of the Peninsula in the northern half of mountainous Portugal,[6] and rare on the east[8] It is adapted both to sub-humid temperate and Mediterranean semi-arid conditions, from the humid Peneda-Gerês National Park in Portugal, to the semi-arid Spanish central plain. It is also adapted to survive in hot local temperatures. It is thought to have a short growth season to avoid the summer drought.[1] It is often the dominant species in the forests in which it occurs.[7] Its acorns are dispersed by birds and small mammals.[7]
ThreatsEdit
Specimen affected by pathogens
The species is currently threatened by wild fire which encourage the growth of other oak species that Q. pyrenaica is unable to compete with, and insect pathogens such as green oak leaf roller moth (Tortrix viridana), the gipsy moth (Lymantria dispar) and brown-tail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea); these threats may become of greater concern due to the impact of climate change.[1]
Historically the species experienced decline due to charcoal and timber industry, and forestry activities still pose some threat to Q. pyrenaica but on a much reduced scale.[1]
ReferencesEdit
^ abcdefgGorener, V.; Harvey-Brown, Y.; Barstow, M. (2017). "Quercus pyrenaica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T78972170A78972188. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T78972170A78972188.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
^"Ageing in Spanish Oak". Bodegas LAN. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
^Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017-11-02). "Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks" (xls). figshare. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.5547622.v1. Retrieved 2023-02-17.
^ ab"Quercus pyrenaica Willd". Flora-on. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
^ abcHarvey-Brown, Y. (2017). "Quercus pyrenaica in Europe". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T78972170A80570544. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
^ abc"Quercus pyrenaica" (PDF). Flora Iberica. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
External linksEdit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quercus pyrenaica.
Media related to Quercus pyrenaica at Wikimedia Commons
August 30, 2023
quercus, pyrenaica, also, known, pyrenean, spanish, tree, native, southwestern, europe, northwestern, north, africa, despite, common, name, rarely, found, pyrenees, mountains, more, abundant, northern, portugal, north, northwestern, spain, pyrenean, oakconserv. Quercus pyrenaica also known as Pyrenean oak 3 or Spanish oak 4 is a tree native to southwestern Europe and northwestern North Africa Despite its common name it is rarely found in the Pyrenees Mountains and is more abundant in northern Portugal and north and northwestern Spain Pyrenean oakConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder FagalesFamily FagaceaeGenus QuercusSubgenus Quercus subg QuercusSection Quercus sect QuercusSpecies Q pyrenaicaBinomial nameQuercus pyrenaicaWilld Distribution mapSynonyms 2 List Quercus aurin BoscQuercus brossa BoscQuercus camata Petz amp G Kirchn Quercus castellana Bosc ex Pers Quercus cenomanensis Desf ex Endl Quercus cerris DC Quercus humilis A DC Quercus lanuginosa subsp palensis Palassou A CamusQuercus palensis PalassouQuercus pubescens subsp palensis Palassou O SchwarzQuercus stolonifera Lapeyr Quercus tauza Desf Quercus tauzin Pers Quercus tauzinii BubaniQuercus toza BastardIt is placed in section Quercus 5 The oak is cultivated as an ornamental tree for gardens and parks 1 Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution and habitat 3 Threats 4 References 5 External linksDescription EditQuercus pyrenaica is a tall deciduous tree often marcescent in immature individuals 6 up to 25 metres 80 feet tall though it is sometimes found as a bush or small tree It has an average lifespan of 300 years 7 The leaves have short petioles and are deeply and irregularly lobed with four to eight pairs of lobes per leaf There are stellate hairs on both sides of the leaf 8 Roots frequently produce suckers The species has high resprouting capabilities 1 Seedling Leaves and acorns Habitat Quercus pyrenaica in winter Bark textureDistribution and habitat EditQuercus pyrenaica is native to the Iberian Peninsula and parts of southwest France and northern Morocco inhabiting mainly subatlantic or continental environments up to 2 100 m 6 900 ft in elevation 8 In the Iberian Peninsula which represents 95 of its population 1 it occupies mainly the northern portion south of the Cantabrian Mountains very common in the west of the Peninsula in the northern half of mountainous Portugal 6 and rare on the east 8 It is adapted both to sub humid temperate and Mediterranean semi arid conditions from the humid Peneda Geres National Park in Portugal to the semi arid Spanish central plain It is also adapted to survive in hot local temperatures It is thought to have a short growth season to avoid the summer drought 1 It is often the dominant species in the forests in which it occurs 7 Its acorns are dispersed by birds and small mammals 7 Threats Edit Specimen affected by pathogensThe species is currently threatened by wild fire which encourage the growth of other oak species that Q pyrenaica is unable to compete with and insect pathogens such as green oak leaf roller moth Tortrix viridana the gipsy moth Lymantria dispar and brown tail moth Euproctis chrysorrhoea these threats may become of greater concern due to the impact of climate change 1 Historically the species experienced decline due to charcoal and timber industry and forestry activities still pose some threat to Q pyrenaica but on a much reduced scale 1 References Edit a b c d e f g Gorener V Harvey Brown Y Barstow M 2017 Quercus pyrenaica IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017 e T78972170A78972188 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2017 3 RLTS T78972170A78972188 en Retrieved 19 November 2021 Quercus pyrenaica Willd World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Royal Botanic Gardens Kew via The Plant List Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online BSBI List 2007 xls Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland Archived from the original xls on 2015 06 26 Retrieved 2014 10 17 Ageing in Spanish Oak Bodegas LAN Retrieved 21 June 2023 Denk Thomas Grimm Guido W Manos Paul S Deng Min amp Hipp Andrew L 2017 11 02 Appendix 2 1 An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks xls figshare doi 10 6084 m9 figshare 5547622 v1 Retrieved 2023 02 17 a b Quercus pyrenaica Willd Flora on Retrieved 22 January 2021 a b c Harvey Brown Y 2017 Quercus pyrenaica in Europe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017 e T78972170A80570544 Retrieved 22 January 2021 a b c Quercus pyrenaica PDF Flora Iberica Retrieved 22 January 2021 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quercus pyrenaica Media related to Quercus pyrenaica at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Quercus pyrenaica amp oldid 1161267202, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
