This article is about full size villages, typically built for factory workers. For miniature model villages, see miniature park. For the place in Ireland, see Model Village, County Cork.
A model village is a type of mostly self-contained community, built from the late 18th century onwards by landowners and business magnates to house their workers. Although the villages are located close to the workplace, they are generally physically separated from them and often consist of relatively high-quality housing, with integrated community amenities and attractive physical environments. "Model" is used in the sense of an ideal to which other developments could aspire.
The term model village was first used by the Victorians to describe the new settlements created on the rural estates of the landed gentry in the eighteenth century. As landowners sought to improve their estates for aesthetic reasons, new landscapes were created and the cottages of the poor were demolished and rebuilt out of sight of their country house vistas.[1] New villages were created at Nuneham Courtenay when the village was rebuilt as plain brick dwellings either side of the main road, at Milton Abbas the village was moved and rebuilt in a rustic style and Blaise Hamlet in Bristol had individually designed buildings, some with thatched roofs.[2]
The Swing Riots of 1830 highlighted poor housing in the countryside, ill health and immorality and landowners had a responsibility to provide cottages with basic sanitation. The best landlords provided accommodation but many adopted a paternalistic attitude when they built model dwellings and imposed their own standards on the tenants charging low rents but paying low wages.[3]
As the Industrial Revolution took hold, industrialists who built factories in rural locations provided housing for workers clustered around the workplace. An early example of an industrial model village was New Lanark built by Robert Owen.[4] Philanthropic coal owners provided decent accommodation for miners from the early nineteenth century. Earl Fitzwilliam, a paternalistic colliery owner provided houses near his coal pits in Elsecar near Barnsley that were "...of a class superior in size and arrangement, and in conveniences attached, to those of working classes."[5] They had four rooms and a pantry, and outside a small garden and pig sty.[6]
Crespi d'Adda in the Lombardy region, is a well-preserved model workers' village, and World Heritage Site since 1995. It was built from scratch, starting in 1878, to provide housing and social services for the workers in a cotton textile factory on the banks of the river Adda.[citation needed]
Nuevo Baztán outside Madrid dates from the mercantilist and entrepreneurial ambitions of an industrialist from the early-eighteenth century.[citation needed]
^Silver End - a window on the past, BBC, 22 July 2009, retrieved 20 June 2015
^(PDF), bolton.gov.uk, archived from the original (PDF) on 25 August 2012, retrieved 28 July 2011
^Vulcan Village Conservation Area appraisal(PDF), St Helens Council, retrieved 4 January 2023
^Sharlston Colliery Model Village, Heritage Gateway, retrieved 13 August 2015
^Historic England, "Port Sunlight (1362582)", Research records (formerly PastScape), retrieved 10 May 2014
^Historic England, "The Model Village (929805)", Research records (formerly PastScape), retrieved 10 May 2014
^Historic England, "New Bolsover Model Village (613327)", Research records (formerly PastScape), retrieved 10 May 2014
^(PDF), Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust, p. 2, archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2013, retrieved 10 May 2014
^A study of Woodlands Model Colliery Village 1907-1909, Royal Institute of British Architects, retrieved 10 May 2014
^"Tasmanian Industrial Village Successful Co-operative Building (1 November 1923)", The Australian home builder (November 1923), Herald and Weekly Times: 50, 1923-11-01, ISSN 0819-7008
Burchardt, Jeremy (2002), Paradise Lost: Rural Idyll and Social Change Since 1800, I. B. Tauris, ISBN1860645143
Thornes, Robin (1994), Images of Industry: Coal, Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England, ISBN1-873592-23-X
Further readingedit
Gillian Darley's 'Villages of Vision: A Study of Strange Utopias' first published 1975 (Architectural Press, pb 1978 Paladin) and republished with fully revised gazetteer 2007 (Five Leaves Publications)
External linksedit
January 01, 1970
model, village, this, article, about, full, size, villages, typically, built, factory, workers, miniature, model, villages, miniature, park, place, ireland, model, village, county, cork, model, village, type, mostly, self, contained, community, built, from, la. This article is about full size villages typically built for factory workers For miniature model villages see miniature park For the place in Ireland see Model Village County Cork A model village is a type of mostly self contained community built from the late 18th century onwards by landowners and business magnates to house their workers Although the villages are located close to the workplace they are generally physically separated from them and often consist of relatively high quality housing with integrated community amenities and attractive physical environments Model is used in the sense of an ideal to which other developments could aspire Almshouses in Saltaire Yorkshire typical of the architecture of the whole village Contents 1 UK amp Ireland 1 1 England 1 2 Ireland 1 3 Scotland 1 4 Wales 2 Europe 2 1 Czech Republic 2 2 Germany 2 3 Italy 2 4 Spain 3 Australasia 3 1 Australia 3 2 New Zealand 4 Asia 4 1 China 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Citations 6 2 Bibliography 7 Further reading 8 External linksUK amp Ireland edit nbsp An example of houses at Port Sunlight nbsp Typical local shopping parade in Bournville village The term model village was first used by the Victorians to describe the new settlements created on the rural estates of the landed gentry in the eighteenth century As landowners sought to improve their estates for aesthetic reasons new landscapes were created and the cottages of the poor were demolished and rebuilt out of sight of their country house vistas 1 New villages were created at Nuneham Courtenay when the village was rebuilt as plain brick dwellings either side of the main road at Milton Abbas the village was moved and rebuilt in a rustic style and Blaise Hamlet in Bristol had individually designed buildings some with thatched roofs 2 The Swing Riots of 1830 highlighted poor housing in the countryside ill health and immorality and landowners had a responsibility to provide cottages with basic sanitation The best landlords provided accommodation but many adopted a paternalistic attitude when they built model dwellings and imposed their own standards on the tenants charging low rents but paying low wages 3 As the Industrial Revolution took hold industrialists who built factories in rural locations provided housing for workers clustered around the workplace An early example of an industrial model village was New Lanark built by Robert Owen 4 Philanthropic coal owners provided decent accommodation for miners from the early nineteenth century Earl Fitzwilliam a paternalistic colliery owner provided houses near his coal pits in Elsecar near Barnsley that were of a class superior in size and arrangement and in conveniences attached to those of working classes 5 They had four rooms and a pantry and outside a small garden and pig sty 6 Others were established by Edward Akroyd at Copley between 1849 and 1853 and Akroydon 1861 63 Akroyd employed George Gilbert Scott Titus Salt built a model village at Saltaire 7 Henry Ripley owner of Bowling Dyeworks began construction of Ripley Ville in Bradford in 1866 8 Industrial communities were established at Price s Village 9 by Price s Patent Candle Company and at Aintree by Hartley s who made jam in 1888 10 William Lever s Port Sunlight had a village green and its houses espoused an idealised rural vernacular style 7 Quaker industrialists George Cadbury and Rowntrees built model villages by their factories Cadbury built Bournville between 1898 and 1905 and a second phase from 1914 and New Earswick was built in 1902 for Rowntrees 11 As coal mining expanded villages were built to house coal miners In Yorkshire Grimethorpe Goldthorpe Woodlands Fitzwilliam and Bottom Boat were built to house workers at the collieries The architect who designed Woodlands and Creswell Model Villages Percy B Houfton was influential in the development of the garden city movement In the 1920s Silver End model village in Essex was built for Francis Henry Crittall Its houses were designed in an art deco style with flat roofs and Crittall windows 12 England edit nbsp Almshouses at Ripley Ville Yorkshire Built 1881 and now the only remaining example of the architecture of the village Chronological order Trowse Norfolk 1805 Blaise Hamlet Gloucestershire 1811 Selworthy Somerset 1828 Barrow Bridge Bolton 1830s 13 Vulcan Village Merseyside 1833 14 Snelston Derbyshire 1840s Swindon Railway Village Wiltshire 1840s Withnell Fold Lancashire 1844 Meltham Yorkshire 1850 Bromborough Pool Price s Village 1853 Saltaire Yorkshire 1853 Akroydon Yorkshire 1859 Nenthead Cumberland 1861 New Sharlston Colliery Village Yorkshire 1864 15 Ripley Ville Yorkshire 1866 Copley Yorkshire 1874 Howe Bridge Lancashire 1873 79 Bournville Worcestershire 1879 Barwick Hertfordshire 1888 Port Sunlight Cheshire 1888 16 Creswell Model Village Derbyshire 1895 17 New Bolsover model village Derbyshire 1896 18 Vickerstown Lancashire 1901 New Earswick Yorkshire 1904 19 Woodlands Yorkshire 1905 20 Whiteley Village Surrey 1907 The Garden Village Kingston upon Hull Yorkshire 1908 Silver End Essex 1926 Stewartby Bedfordshire 1926 Ireland edit This section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed February 2018 Learn how and when to remove this message Milford County Armagh Northern Ireland 1800s Portlaw County Waterford Republic of Ireland 1825 Sion Mills County Tyrone Northern Ireland 1835 Bessbrook County Armagh Northern Ireland 1845 Laurelvale County Armagh Northern Ireland 1850s Model Village County Cork 1910s usually called Tower the name of the pre existing hamlet Scotland edit New Lanark Lanarkshire 1786 Wales edit Tremadog Caernarfonshire 1798 Elan Village Powys 1892 Portmeirion Merioneth 1925 Europe editCzech Republic edit Zlin located in Moravia was organized and built by Tomas Bata to house and efficiently organize the workers of Bata Shoes Germany edit Stadt des KdF Wagens was built for the Volkswagen factory citation needed Italy edit Crespi d Adda in the Lombardy region is a well preserved model workers village and World Heritage Site since 1995 It was built from scratch starting in 1878 to provide housing and social services for the workers in a cotton textile factory on the banks of the river Adda citation needed nbsp Crespi d Adda Spain edit Nuevo Baztan outside Madrid dates from the mercantilist and entrepreneurial ambitions of an industrialist from the early eighteenth century citation needed Australasia editAustralia edit Australian Newsprint Mills established a worker s village at Boyer Tasmania to accommodate workers of the Boyer Mill Cadbury established the Cadbury s Estate in Claremont Tasmania in 1921 EZ Industries constructed homes at Lutana Tasmania for workers of the nearby Risdon Zinc Works commencing in 1916 21 New Zealand edit Barrhill was laid out by its Scottish owner for the workers on his large sheep farm 22 Asia editChina edit Huawei Ox Horn Campus research and development buildings of technology company HuaweiSee also editCompany town New Towns in the United Kingdom Garden city movementReferences editCitations edit Burchardt 2002 p 58 Burchardt 2002 p 59 Burchardt 2002 p 60 Burchardt 2002 p 61 Thornes 1994 p 78 Thornes 1994 p 79 a b Burchardt 2002 p 62 Walker R L 2008 When was Ripleyville Built SEQUALS ISBN 0 9532139 2 7 Historic England Prices Village 1560975 Research records formerly PastScape retrieved 10 May 2014 Hartley s jam village made a conservation area BBC News 16 December 2011 Burchardt 2002 p 63 Silver End a window on the past BBC 22 July 2009 retrieved 20 June 2015 Barrow Bridge Conservation Area PDF bolton gov uk archived from the original PDF on 25 August 2012 retrieved 28 July 2011 Vulcan Village Conservation Area appraisal PDF St Helens Council retrieved 4 January 2023 Sharlston Colliery Model Village Heritage Gateway retrieved 13 August 2015 Historic England Port Sunlight 1362582 Research records formerly PastScape retrieved 10 May 2014 Historic England The Model Village 929805 Research records formerly PastScape retrieved 10 May 2014 Historic England New Bolsover Model Village 613327 Research records formerly PastScape retrieved 10 May 2014 The garden village of New Earswick PDF Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust p 2 archived from the original PDF on 4 October 2013 retrieved 10 May 2014 A study of Woodlands Model Colliery Village 1907 1909 Royal Institute of British Architects retrieved 10 May 2014 Tasmanian Industrial Village Successful Co operative Building 1 November 1923 The Australian home builder November 1923 Herald and Weekly Times 50 1923 11 01 ISSN 0819 7008 Pawson Eric Wason John Cathcart Dictionary of New Zealand Biography Ministry for Culture and Heritage Retrieved 31 July 2010 Bibliography edit Burchardt Jeremy 2002 Paradise Lost Rural Idyll and Social Change Since 1800 I B Tauris ISBN 1860645143 Thornes Robin 1994 Images of Industry Coal Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England ISBN 1 873592 23 XFurther reading editGillian Darley s Villages of Vision A Study of Strange Utopias first published 1975 Architectural Press pb 1978 Paladin and republished with fully revised gazetteer 2007 Five Leaves Publications External links edit Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Model village amp oldid 1221015289, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
