Pubal ([puˈbal] or /puːbæl/, born c. 24 July 2005) was a male European bison, or zubr, that became renowned in southeast Poland for his friendly interactions with humans and unwillingness to reintegrate into the wild. Media coverage of his numerous escapes from captivity to seek out human contact earned him a degree of popularity with the public. He has been described as one of the most famous zubrs ever and the only known case of an individual of his species retaining friendly contact with humans throughout his life.
On 26 July 2005, a lone bison calf was discovered and rescued by charcoal burners, in Rabe near Baligród, after a flood swept across the Bieszczady Mountains.[2] He was said to be no more than two days old judging by the umbilical cord remnants that were still present; it was speculated that the male calf was separated from his mother by the flood and thrown onto the road by the rising water levels.[1] After waiting with him for several days for the possibility of his mother returning, the calf was taken into the care of local foresters, who named him "Pubal".[3] Officially Pubal was not supposed to have a name as they are not given to wild animals, but the rangers who raised him and looked after him prior to his departure from the region started calling him "Pubal"; the letters "P" and "U" are reserved for the Białowieża-Caucasus race of the European bison species, while the ending "bal" comes from Nadleśnictwo Baligród or the Baligród Forestry.[4] For nine months, the Baligród forester Witold Szybowski and his wife Urszula looked after the young zubr, initially feeding him milk with a baby bottle.[5]Kompania Piwowarska, the brewing company of the popular Żubr beer brand, donated 2400 złoty to cover some of the growing bison's feeding costs.[6] In April 2006, Pubal was released into the wild near a zubr herd, but he soon lost interest in rejoining his own species and continued to seek out human contact – at one point interrupting the picnic of a family of tourists and frightening them, before the group realised that he was not aggressive and completely tame.[5][7]
The plan to reintroduce Pubal into the wild was carefully managed to potentially increase the genetic diversity of the group of bison that were supposed to be his new herd, but even though he was spotted in their vicinity, Pubal was relatively quickly seen on his own again, trying to find humans.[8] Initially he was released into the valley of the San river, but due to his constant encounters with tourists Pubal was moved back to a sizeable enclosure in Wola Michowa with an older zubr named "Bolo"; this was done in hopes of getting him used to the company of his own species and to encourage Pubal to start finding his own sources of food.[9] By early 2007, Pubal continued to resist all efforts made at reintegrating him into the wild by breaking out of his enclosures multiple times; when roaming free he was often seen wandering around local villages, approaching humans for food, walking between houses, interacting with people, and following cars.[2][10]
Since Pubal weighed 250 kilograms (over 550 lbs) at this point and there were concerns that he could harm someone when frightened, a decision was made that he must leave the Bieszczady area permanently. In spring of 2007, the almost two-year-old bison was transported northwest to become the semen provider at a żubroń (domestic cattle and zubr hybrid) breeding farm in Karolew.[11] The owner of the farm, Henryk Ordanik, had heard about Pubal on TV; Ordanik worked together with the foresters under the approval of the authorities to secure Pubal's role as a semen provider at his farm.[12] The Subcarpathian rangers who had up until this point been looking after Pubal condemned the actions of a tour guide who had lured the animal out of his enclosure into a local town, further reinforcing Pubal's old habits of relying on people feeding him.[2] As of September 2009, Pubal was still taking an active part in experimental żubroń breeding efforts at the facility in Karolew with a degree of success in their results.[13] His status since then is unclear, though some sources from 2017 state that Pubal died.[14]
Legacyedit
In addition to the widespread media coverage of his friendly encounters with local villagers and tourists alike, Pubal has also been mentioned in a number of books and articles.[11][13][15] A poem and an award-winning ballad have also been written about him.[2][16] In 2007, TVP3 Rzeszów created and broadcast a short documentary film about Pubal entitled Żubra żal – Polish for "Regret of the Bison" or "Bison's Regret".[2] Directed by Jacek Szarek, it received accolades such as first place at the Ninth International Touristic Film Festival "TOUR - FILM" in Poznań and was later shown to pupils at primary schools in May 2008.[17] Although a few stories of long and solitary bison journeys have appeared in Polish history prior to this one from the mid-2000s—such as the case of Pulpit and Pulon from the 1960s—none of them featured as much and as close interaction with humans as that of Pubal.[18][19][20]
Notesedit
^Pubal was found and rescued as a calf by workers on 26 July 2005; his age at the time was estimated to be at no more than two days old due to umbilical cord remnants, but his exact date of birth remains unknown as Pubal was born in the wild.[1]
^IK (2006-04-25). "Żubr poszedł w las". Dziennik Polski. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
^"Piknik z Pubalem". Bieszczady.pl. 2006-04-29. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
^Edward Marszałek (2006-04-26). "Żubr Pubal na wolności". Podkarpacie24. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
^"Oswojony żubr nie chce żyć na wolności". Wirtualna Polska. 2007-01-02. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
^Piotr Jachimowski (2010-07-26). "Ochrona żubra w Polsce - część południowa". Regionalna Dyrekcja Lasów Państwowych w Krośnie. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
^ abPerzanowski, Kajetan; Marszałek, Edward (2012). Powrót żubra w Karpaty. Krosno: Regionalna Dyrekcja Lasów Państwowych w Krośnie. pp. 114–116. ISBN9788362174140.
^Krzysztof Potaczała (2007-03-08). "Pubal nie zamieszka w puszczy". Nowiny24. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
^ abGołębiewska, Ewelina; Olech, Wanda (2009). "Próby mrożenia nasienia żubra płukanego z pochwy po naturalnym kryciu – wyniki wstępne". 80 lat restytucji żubra w Puszczy Białowieskiej. Białowieża: Stowarzyszenie Miłośników Żubrów. pp. 17–18.
^Lucyna Beata Pściuk (2017). "Żubry w Bieszczadach". Grupa Bieszczady. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
^Potaczała, K.; Hartman, T. (2007). "Pubal w Bieszczady już nie wróci". Przyroda Polska (4): 12–13.
^K. Fałdrowicz (2008-05-12). "Połonin czar i żubr Pubal - Bieszczady w kadrze Jacka Szarka". Wiadomości z Ostrowca Świętokrzyskiego. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
^Marszałek, Edward (2018). "Legenda Pulpita – żubra wędrownika". Żubry w dolinie Sanu. Muczne: Stowarzyszenie Miłośników Żubrów. pp. 48–49.
^Krzysztof Potaczała (2007-07-29). "Pomnik żubra stanął w Bieszczadach". Nowiny24. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
January 01, 1970
pubal, puˈbal, born, july, 2005, male, european, bison, zubr, that, became, renowned, southeast, poland, friendly, interactions, with, humans, unwillingness, reintegrate, into, wild, media, coverage, numerous, escapes, from, captivity, seek, human, contact, ea. Pubal puˈbal or p uː b ae l born c 24 July 2005 was a male European bison or zubr that became renowned in southeast Poland for his friendly interactions with humans and unwillingness to reintegrate into the wild Media coverage of his numerous escapes from captivity to seek out human contact earned him a degree of popularity with the public He has been described as one of the most famous zubrs ever and the only known case of an individual of his species retaining friendly contact with humans throughout his life PubalForesters bid farewell to Pubal in 2007SpeciesEuropean bisonSexMaleBornc 24 July 2005 age 16 a 1 Near Rabe Lesko County in PolandNotable roleInitially a local tourist attraction then semen provider for zubron farm Bieszczady Mountains in Poland Contents 1 History 2 Legacy 3 Notes 4 ReferencesHistory edit nbsp A panorama of Baligrod On 26 July 2005 a lone bison calf was discovered and rescued by charcoal burners in Rabe near Baligrod after a flood swept across the Bieszczady Mountains 2 He was said to be no more than two days old judging by the umbilical cord remnants that were still present it was speculated that the male calf was separated from his mother by the flood and thrown onto the road by the rising water levels 1 After waiting with him for several days for the possibility of his mother returning the calf was taken into the care of local foresters who named him Pubal 3 Officially Pubal was not supposed to have a name as they are not given to wild animals but the rangers who raised him and looked after him prior to his departure from the region started calling him Pubal the letters P and U are reserved for the Bialowieza Caucasus race of the European bison species while the ending bal comes from Nadlesnictwo Baligrod or the Baligrod Forestry 4 For nine months the Baligrod forester Witold Szybowski and his wife Urszula looked after the young zubr initially feeding him milk with a baby bottle 5 Kompania Piwowarska the brewing company of the popular Zubr beer brand donated 2400 zloty to cover some of the growing bison s feeding costs 6 In April 2006 Pubal was released into the wild near a zubr herd but he soon lost interest in rejoining his own species and continued to seek out human contact at one point interrupting the picnic of a family of tourists and frightening them before the group realised that he was not aggressive and completely tame 5 7 The plan to reintroduce Pubal into the wild was carefully managed to potentially increase the genetic diversity of the group of bison that were supposed to be his new herd but even though he was spotted in their vicinity Pubal was relatively quickly seen on his own again trying to find humans 8 Initially he was released into the valley of the San river but due to his constant encounters with tourists Pubal was moved back to a sizeable enclosure in Wola Michowa with an older zubr named Bolo this was done in hopes of getting him used to the company of his own species and to encourage Pubal to start finding his own sources of food 9 By early 2007 Pubal continued to resist all efforts made at reintegrating him into the wild by breaking out of his enclosures multiple times when roaming free he was often seen wandering around local villages approaching humans for food walking between houses interacting with people and following cars 2 10 Since Pubal weighed 250 kilograms over 550 lbs at this point and there were concerns that he could harm someone when frightened a decision was made that he must leave the Bieszczady area permanently In spring of 2007 the almost two year old bison was transported northwest to become the semen provider at a zubron domestic cattle and zubr hybrid breeding farm in Karolew 11 The owner of the farm Henryk Ordanik had heard about Pubal on TV Ordanik worked together with the foresters under the approval of the authorities to secure Pubal s role as a semen provider at his farm 12 The Subcarpathian rangers who had up until this point been looking after Pubal condemned the actions of a tour guide who had lured the animal out of his enclosure into a local town further reinforcing Pubal s old habits of relying on people feeding him 2 As of September 2009 Pubal was still taking an active part in experimental zubron breeding efforts at the facility in Karolew with a degree of success in their results 13 His status since then is unclear though some sources from 2017 state that Pubal died 14 Legacy editIn addition to the widespread media coverage of his friendly encounters with local villagers and tourists alike Pubal has also been mentioned in a number of books and articles 11 13 15 A poem and an award winning ballad have also been written about him 2 16 In 2007 TVP3 Rzeszow created and broadcast a short documentary film about Pubal entitled Zubra zal Polish for Regret of the Bison or Bison s Regret 2 Directed by Jacek Szarek it received accolades such as first place at the Ninth International Touristic Film Festival TOUR FILM in Poznan and was later shown to pupils at primary schools in May 2008 17 Although a few stories of long and solitary bison journeys have appeared in Polish history prior to this one from the mid 2000s such as the case of Pulpit and Pulon from the 1960s none of them featured as much and as close interaction with humans as that of Pubal 18 19 20 Notes edit Pubal was found and rescued as a calf by workers on 26 July 2005 his age at the time was estimated to be at no more than two days old due to umbilical cord remnants but his exact date of birth remains unknown as Pubal was born in the wild 1 References edit a b c Stanislaw Strzyzewski 2006 04 24 Pubal wraca do domu Bieszczady pl Retrieved 2019 11 29 a b c d e Szarek Jacek Director 2007 Zubra zal Regret of the Bison Television documentary Poland TVP3 Rzeszow Ocalony zubr nie chce zyc na wolnosci Interia 2007 01 02 Retrieved 2019 11 29 Czarne Lesniczy opiekuje sie malym zubrem Gazeta Wyborcza 2005 08 03 Retrieved 2019 11 29 a b Dorota Mekarska 2007 01 02 Pubal woli ludzi Nowiny24 Retrieved 2019 11 29 IK 2006 04 25 Zubr poszedl w las Dziennik Polski Retrieved 2019 11 29 Piknik z Pubalem Bieszczady pl 2006 04 29 Retrieved 2019 11 29 Edward Marszalek 2006 04 26 Zubr Pubal na wolnosci Podkarpacie24 Retrieved 2019 11 29 Oswojony zubr nie chce zyc na wolnosci Wirtualna Polska 2007 01 02 Retrieved 2019 11 29 Piotr Jachimowski 2010 07 26 Ochrona zubra w Polsce czesc poludniowa Regionalna Dyrekcja Lasow Panstwowych w Krosnie Retrieved 2019 11 29 a b Perzanowski Kajetan Marszalek Edward 2012 Powrot zubra w Karpaty Krosno Regionalna Dyrekcja Lasow Panstwowych w Krosnie pp 114 116 ISBN 9788362174140 Krzysztof Potaczala 2007 03 08 Pubal nie zamieszka w puszczy Nowiny24 Retrieved 2019 11 29 a b Golebiewska Ewelina Olech Wanda 2009 Proby mrozenia nasienia zubra plukanego z pochwy po naturalnym kryciu wyniki wstepne 80 lat restytucji zubra w Puszczy Bialowieskiej Bialowieza Stowarzyszenie Milosnikow Zubrow pp 17 18 Lucyna Beata Psciuk 2017 Zubry w Bieszczadach Grupa Bieszczady Retrieved 2019 11 29 Potaczala K Hartman T 2007 Pubal w Bieszczady juz nie wroci Przyroda Polska 4 12 13 Edward Marszalek 2007 07 17 Zubr sponsorem stada zubrow w Bieszczadach Solina info Retrieved 2019 11 29 K Faldrowicz 2008 05 12 Polonin czar i zubr Pubal Bieszczady w kadrze Jacka Szarka Wiadomosci z Ostrowca Swietokrzyskiego Retrieved 2019 11 29 Rozne losy zubrow zubry com Retrieved 2019 11 29 Marszalek Edward 2018 Legenda Pulpita zubra wedrownika Zubry w dolinie Sanu Muczne Stowarzyszenie Milosnikow Zubrow pp 48 49 Krzysztof Potaczala 2007 07 29 Pomnik zubra stanal w Bieszczadach Nowiny24 Retrieved 2019 11 29 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pubal amp oldid 1177931562, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
