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Dark-winged trumpeter

January 01, 1970

The dark-winged trumpeter (Psophia viridis) is a species of bird in the family Psophiidae. It is endemic to Brazil.[2]

Dark-winged trumpeter
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Gruiformes
Family: Psophiidae
Genus: Psophia
Species:
P. viridis
Binomial name
Psophia viridis
Spix, 1825

Taxonomy and systematics edit

The dark-winged trumpeter's taxonomy is far from settled. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) assigns it three subspecies, the nominate P. v. viridis, P. v. dextralis, and P. v. obscura. The Clements taxonomy splits a fourth from dextralis, P. v. interjecta. BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) treats each of the three IOC-recognized subspecies as separate species, the "green-winged", "olive-winged", and "black-winged" trumpeters respectively. HBW includes interjecta as a subspecies of the "olive-winged".[2][3][4] Considerable evidence supports the treatment as three species.[5][6]

This article follows the IOC three-subspecies model.

Dark-winged trumpeters at Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Brazil

Description edit

The dark-winged trumpeter is a chicken-like bird with a long neck and legs and a hump-backed profile. It is 45 to 52 centimetres (18 to 20 in) long. The sexes are alike. Their bill color ranges from dusky brown to bright green and their legs and feet are dusky brown to greenish olive. Adults of the nominate subspecies are mostly velvety blackish with a dark smoky olive-green mantle and wing patch. They have an iridescent purple patch on the lower neck and their outer wing coverts are tipped with iridescent purple. Subspecies P. v. dextralis (including interjecta) has a dark brown mantle and wing patch that is olive green towards the end. It has no iridescence on the neck or wing coverts. P. v. obscura is almost identical to dextralis but has a small amount of purple iridescence on the lower neck and wing coverts.[7]

Distribution and habitat edit

The dark-winged trumpeter is found in the Amazon Basin of Brazil south of the Amazon River. The nominate subspecies is the westernmost, found between the Rio Madeira and the Rio Tapajós. Subspecies P. v. dextralis is found from the Tapajós to the Rio Tocantins. (P. v. dextralis sensu stricto and P. v. interjecta are separated by the Rio Xingu when they are treated as individual subspecies.) P. v. obscura is found from the Tocantins to the Atlantic coast in the state of Pará.[2][3] Undocumented sight records in northeastern Boliva lead the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society to call the species hypothetical in that country.[8]

Behavior edit

Movement edit

The dark-winged trumpeter is assumed to be sedentary and territorial like the other trumpeters.[7]

Feeding edit

The dark-winged trumpeter forages in groups of up to about 20 individuals. Its diet is not known in detail but includes fruit, arthropods, small vertebrates, and carrion. It sometimes follows army ant swarms to capture fleeing prey.[7]

Breeding edit

Almost nothing is known about the dark-winged trumpeter's breeding biology. Its breeding season appears to include January to April.[7] The other trumpeters are polyandrous and cooperative breeders. They nest in tree holes made by other bird species.[9][10]

 

Songs and calls
Listen to dark-winged trumpeter on xeno-canto

Vocalization edit

All trumpeters are highly vocal. The dark-winged trumpeter's song has been described as "a series of low humming notes, given singly at first and then doubled." It also makes "various harsh, sharp or raucous 'tset' notes" as both contact and alarm calls.[7]

Status edit

The IUCN follows HBW taxonomy and so has assessed the "green-winged",[11] "olive-winged", and "black-winged" trumpeters separately. The "green-winged" (viridis) is Vulnerable. The "olive-winged" (dextralis) is Endangered. The population sizes of these two are unknown and believed to be decreasing due to deforestation and hunting. The "black-winged" (obscura) is Critically Endangered. It has a small range and its estimated population of 50 to 250 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing, like that of the others due to deforestation and hunting.[1][12][13]

References edit

  1. ^ a b BirdLife International (2016). "Green-winged Trumpeter Psophia viridis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T45470705A95158191. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T45470705A95158191.en. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  2. ^ a b c Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2022). "Flufftails, finfoots, rails, trumpeters, cranes, limpkin". IOC World Bird List Version 12.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
  3. ^ a b Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved November 10, 2022
  4. ^ HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 6. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v6_Dec21.zip retrieved August 7, 2022
  5. ^ Oppenheimer, M.; Silveira, L.F. (2009). "A taxonomic review of the Dark-winged Trumpeter Psophia viridis (Aves: Gruiformes: Psophiidae)". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. 49 (41): 547–555. doi:10.1590/S0031-10492009004100001.
  6. ^ Ribas, C.C.; Aleixo, A.; Nogueira, A.C.R.; Miyaki, C.Y.; Cracraft, J. (2011). "A palaeobiogeographic model for biotic diversification within Amazonia over the past three million years". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 279 (1729): 681–689. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1120. PMC 3248724. PMID 21795268.
  7. ^ a b c d e del Hoyo, J., P.T. Sherman, G. M. Kirwan, N. Collar, D. A. Christie, and C. J. Sharpe (2022). Dark-winged Trumpeter (Psophia viridis), version 1.1. In Birds of the World (B. K. Keeney, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.dawtru1.01.1 retrieved December 1, 2022
  8. ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 July 2022. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved July 24, 2022
  9. ^ Potter, A. B. (2020). Gray-winged Trumpeter (Psophia crepitans), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.gywtru1.01 retrieved November 30, 2022
  10. ^ Sherman, P.T., P. F. D. Boesman, C. J. Sharpe, and D. A. Christie (2020). Pale-winged Trumpeter (Psophia leucoptera), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.pawtru2.01 retrieved December 1, 2022
  11. ^ BirdLife International. "Green-winged Trumpeter". Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  12. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Olive-winged Trumpeter Psophia dextralis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T45470698A95157690. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T45470698A95157690.en. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  13. ^ BirdLife International (2018) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Black-winged Trumpeter Psophia obscura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T45470702A125706121. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T45470702A125706121.en. Retrieved 1 December 2022.

External links edit

  • ; Article "Animal Diversity Web"–"trumpeters"(3 species)


January 01, 1970
dark, winged, trumpeter, dark, winged, trumpeter, psophia, viridis, species, bird, family, psophiidae, endemic, brazil, conservation, status, vulnerable, iucn, scientific, classification, domain, eukaryota, kingdom, animalia, phylum, chordata, class, aves, ord. The dark winged trumpeter Psophia viridis is a species of bird in the family Psophiidae It is endemic to Brazil 2 Dark winged trumpeter Conservation status Vulnerable IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Gruiformes Family Psophiidae Genus Psophia Species P viridis Binomial name Psophia viridisSpix 1825 Contents 1 Taxonomy and systematics 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behavior 4 1 Movement 4 2 Feeding 4 3 Breeding 4 4 Vocalization 5 Status 6 References 7 External linksTaxonomy and systematics editThe dark winged trumpeter s taxonomy is far from settled The International Ornithological Committee IOC assigns it three subspecies the nominate P v viridis P v dextralis and P v obscura The Clements taxonomy splits a fourth from dextralis P v interjecta BirdLife International s Handbook of the Birds of the World HBW treats each of the three IOC recognized subspecies as separate species the green winged olive winged and black winged trumpeters respectively HBW includes interjecta as a subspecies of the olive winged 2 3 4 Considerable evidence supports the treatment as three species 5 6 This article follows the IOC three subspecies model source source source source source source source source Dark winged trumpeters at Cristalino Jungle Lodge BrazilDescription editThe dark winged trumpeter is a chicken like bird with a long neck and legs and a hump backed profile It is 45 to 52 centimetres 18 to 20 in long The sexes are alike Their bill color ranges from dusky brown to bright green and their legs and feet are dusky brown to greenish olive Adults of the nominate subspecies are mostly velvety blackish with a dark smoky olive green mantle and wing patch They have an iridescent purple patch on the lower neck and their outer wing coverts are tipped with iridescent purple Subspecies P v dextralis including interjecta has a dark brown mantle and wing patch that is olive green towards the end It has no iridescence on the neck or wing coverts P v obscura is almost identical to dextralis but has a small amount of purple iridescence on the lower neck and wing coverts 7 Distribution and habitat editThe dark winged trumpeter is found in the Amazon Basin of Brazil south of the Amazon River The nominate subspecies is the westernmost found between the Rio Madeira and the Rio Tapajos Subspecies P v dextralis is found from the Tapajos to the Rio Tocantins P v dextralis sensu stricto and P v interjecta are separated by the Rio Xingu when they are treated as individual subspecies P v obscura is found from the Tocantins to the Atlantic coast in the state of Para 2 3 Undocumented sight records in northeastern Boliva lead the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society to call the species hypothetical in that country 8 Behavior editMovement edit The dark winged trumpeter is assumed to be sedentary and territorial like the other trumpeters 7 Feeding edit The dark winged trumpeter forages in groups of up to about 20 individuals Its diet is not known in detail but includes fruit arthropods small vertebrates and carrion It sometimes follows army ant swarms to capture fleeing prey 7 Breeding edit Almost nothing is known about the dark winged trumpeter s breeding biology Its breeding season appears to include January to April 7 The other trumpeters are polyandrous and cooperative breeders They nest in tree holes made by other bird species 9 10 nbsp Songs and calls Listen to dark winged trumpeter on xeno canto Vocalization edit All trumpeters are highly vocal The dark winged trumpeter s song has been described as a series of low humming notes given singly at first and then doubled It also makes various harsh sharp or raucous tset notes as both contact and alarm calls 7 Status editThe IUCN follows HBW taxonomy and so has assessed the green winged 11 olive winged and black winged trumpeters separately The green winged viridis is Vulnerable The olive winged dextralis is Endangered The population sizes of these two are unknown and believed to be decreasing due to deforestation and hunting The black winged obscura is Critically Endangered It has a small range and its estimated population of 50 to 250 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing like that of the others due to deforestation and hunting 1 12 13 References edit a b BirdLife International 2016 Green winged Trumpeter Psophia viridis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T45470705A95158191 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T45470705A95158191 en Retrieved 10 December 2023 a b c Gill Frank Donsker David Rasmussen Pamela eds August 2022 Flufftails finfoots rails trumpeters cranes limpkin IOC World Bird List Version 12 2 International Ornithologists Union Retrieved 30 November 2022 a b Clements J F T S Schulenberg M J Iliff T A Fredericks J A Gerbracht D Lepage S M Billerman B L Sullivan and C L Wood 2022 The eBird Clements checklist of birds of the world v2022 Downloaded from https www birds cornell edu clementschecklist download retrieved November 10 2022 HBW and BirdLife International 2021 Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 6 Available at http datazone birdlife org userfiles file Species Taxonomy HBW BirdLife Checklist v6 Dec21 zip retrieved August 7 2022 Oppenheimer M Silveira L F 2009 A taxonomic review of the Dark winged Trumpeter Psophia viridis Aves Gruiformes Psophiidae Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia Universidade de Sao Paulo 49 41 547 555 doi 10 1590 S0031 10492009004100001 Ribas C C Aleixo A Nogueira A C R Miyaki C Y Cracraft J 2011 A palaeobiogeographic model for biotic diversification within Amazonia over the past three million years Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences 279 1729 681 689 doi 10 1098 rspb 2011 1120 PMC 3248724 PMID 21795268 a b c d e del Hoyo J P T Sherman G M Kirwan N Collar D A Christie and C J Sharpe 2022 Dark winged Trumpeter Psophia viridis version 1 1 In Birds of the World B K Keeney Editor Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca NY USA https doi org 10 2173 bow dawtru1 01 1 retrieved December 1 2022 Remsen J V Jr J I Areta E Bonaccorso S Claramunt A Jaramillo D F Lane J F Pacheco M B Robbins F G Stiles and K J Zimmer Version 24 July 2022 Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories https www museum lsu edu Remsen SACCCountryLists htm retrieved July 24 2022 Potter A B 2020 Gray winged Trumpeter Psophia crepitans version 1 0 In Birds of the World T S Schulenberg Editor Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca NY USA https doi org 10 2173 bow gywtru1 01 retrieved November 30 2022 Sherman P T P F D Boesman C J Sharpe and D A Christie 2020 Pale winged Trumpeter Psophia leucoptera version 1 0 In Birds of the World J del Hoyo A Elliott J Sargatal D A Christie and E de Juana Editors Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca NY USA https doi org 10 2173 bow pawtru2 01 retrieved December 1 2022 BirdLife International Green winged Trumpeter Retrieved 15 March 2023 BirdLife International 2016 Olive winged Trumpeter Psophia dextralis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T45470698A95157690 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T45470698A95157690 en Retrieved 1 December 2022 BirdLife International 2018 amended version of 2016 assessment Black winged Trumpeter Psophia obscura IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T45470702A125706121 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T45470702A125706121 en Retrieved 1 December 2022 External links edit Photo Graphic Psophia viridis Article Animal Diversity Web trumpeters 3 species Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dark winged trumpeter amp oldid 1220853615, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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