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Pseudothrombocytopenia (PTCP) or spurious thrombocytopenia is an in-vitro sampling problem which may mislead the diagnosis towards the more critical condition of thrombocytopenia. The phenomenon occurs when the anticoagulant used while testing the blood sample causes clumping of platelets which mimics a low platelet count.[1] The phenomenon has first been reported in 1969.[2][3]
It is a relatively uncommon phenomenon caused by in vitro agglutination of platelets. As a result of platelet clumping, platelet counts reported by automated counters may be much lower than the actual count in the blood because these devices cannot differentiate platelet clumps from individual cells. Pseudothrombocytopenia has been reported in association with the use of EDTA as an anticoagulant, with platelet cold agglutinins, and with multiple myeloma.[citation needed] Other risk factors associated with pseudothrombocytopenia are autoimmune diseases, infections, pregnancy and the treatment with some medications such as low-molecular-weight heparin, valproic acid, insulin, antibiotics and chemotherapy medications like sunitinib.[3]
The prevalence of pseudothrombocytopenia in K2-EDTA reported in different studies ranges from 0.03 to 0.27 percent in outpatients,[3] which accounts for 15 to 30 percent of all cases of isolated thrombocytopenia. Tests can mistake small clumps of platelets for leukocytes, thus showing a pseudoleukocytosis in blood counts.[4]
Failsafes and avoiding false-positives
A pseudothrombocytopenia false-positive result may occur when automated platelet counting devices are used. As a means of double checking the results, the patient's blood sample is often examined under a microscope. If the clumping is visible and the number of platelets appears normal, pseudothrombocytopenia may be concluded. A second sample run with a different anticoagulant such as sodium citrate (blue top tube) to confirm the finding of pseudothrombocytopenia may be requested if there are doubts or concerns.[citation needed] Other alternative anticoagulants are sodium fluoride, CPT (trisodium citrate, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate and tris), CTAD (citrate, theophylline, adenosine, and dipyridamole), magnesium sulfate and acid-citrate-dextrose.[3]
References
^"Clinical & Applied". July 1998 vol. 4 no. 3 167-169. SAGE Journals. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
^Gowland E; Kay HE; Spillman JC; Williamson JR (1 July 1969). "Agglutination of platelets by a serum factor in the presence of EDTA". Journal of Clinical Pathology. 22 (4): 460–464. doi:10.1136/JCP.22.4.460. ISSN 0021-9746. PMC474212. PMID 4978997. Wikidata Q36546397.
^ abcdBenjamin Lardinois; Julien Favresse; Bernard Chatelain; Giuseppe Lippi; François Mullier (4 February 2021). "Pseudothrombocytopenia—A Review on Causes, Occurrence and Clinical Implications". Journal of Clinical Medicine. 10 (4): 594. doi:10.3390/JCM10040594. ISSN 2077-0383. PMC7915523. PMID 33557431. Wikidata Q116885099.
^Nicola Bizzaro (1 October 1995). "EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia: a clinical and epidemiological study of 112 cases, with 10-year follow-up". American Journal of Hematology. 50 (2): 104. doi:10.1002/AJH.2830500206. ISSN 0361-8609. PMID 7572988. Wikidata Q33488487.
Further reading
W-H Choe; Y-U Cho; J-D Chae; S-H Kim (7 September 2012). "Pseudothrombocytopenia or platelet clumping as a possible cause of low platelet count in patients with viral infection: a case series from single institution focusing on hepatitis A virus infection". International Journal of Laboratory Hematology. 35 (1): 70–76. doi:10.1111/J.1751-553X.2012.01466.X. ISSN 1751-5521. PMID 22958573. Wikidata Q33403198.
Froom, Paul; Barak, Mira (20 October 2010). "Prevalence and course of pseudothrombocytopenia in outpatients". Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. 49 (1): 111–114. doi:10.1515/CCLM.2011.013. ISSN 1434-6621. PMID 20961195. Wikidata Q33392370.
August 05, 2023
pseudothrombocytopenia, this, article, needs, more, reliable, medical, references, verification, relies, heavily, primary, sources, please, review, contents, article, appropriate, references, unsourced, poorly, sourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sou. This article needs more reliable medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources Please review the contents of the article and add the appropriate references if you can Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Pseudothrombocytopenia news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2021 Pseudothrombocytopenia PTCP or spurious thrombocytopenia is an in vitro sampling problem which may mislead the diagnosis towards the more critical condition of thrombocytopenia The phenomenon occurs when the anticoagulant used while testing the blood sample causes clumping of platelets which mimics a low platelet count 1 The phenomenon has first been reported in 1969 2 3 Contents 1 Causes 2 Failsafes and avoiding false positives 3 References 4 Further readingCauses EditIt is a relatively uncommon phenomenon caused by in vitro agglutination of platelets As a result of platelet clumping platelet counts reported by automated counters may be much lower than the actual count in the blood because these devices cannot differentiate platelet clumps from individual cells Pseudothrombocytopenia has been reported in association with the use of EDTA as an anticoagulant with platelet cold agglutinins and with multiple myeloma citation needed Other risk factors associated with pseudothrombocytopenia are autoimmune diseases infections pregnancy and the treatment with some medications such as low molecular weight heparin valproic acid insulin antibiotics and chemotherapy medications like sunitinib 3 The prevalence of pseudothrombocytopenia in K2 EDTA reported in different studies ranges from 0 03 to 0 27 percent in outpatients 3 which accounts for 15 to 30 percent of all cases of isolated thrombocytopenia Tests can mistake small clumps of platelets for leukocytes thus showing a pseudo leukocytosis in blood counts 4 Failsafes and avoiding false positives EditA pseudothrombocytopenia false positive result may occur when automated platelet counting devices are used As a means of double checking the results the patient s blood sample is often examined under a microscope If the clumping is visible and the number of platelets appears normal pseudothrombocytopenia may be concluded A second sample run with a different anticoagulant such as sodium citrate blue top tube to confirm the finding of pseudothrombocytopenia may be requested if there are doubts or concerns citation needed Other alternative anticoagulants are sodium fluoride CPT trisodium citrate pyridoxal 5 phosphate and tris CTAD citrate theophylline adenosine and dipyridamole magnesium sulfate and acid citrate dextrose 3 References Edit Clinical amp Applied July 1998 vol 4 no 3 167 169 SAGE Journals Retrieved 12 May 2013 Gowland E Kay HE Spillman JC Williamson JR 1 July 1969 Agglutination of platelets by a serum factor in the presence of EDTA Journal of Clinical Pathology 22 4 460 464 doi 10 1136 JCP 22 4 460 ISSN 0021 9746 PMC 474212 PMID 4978997 Wikidata Q36546397 a b c d Benjamin Lardinois Julien Favresse Bernard Chatelain Giuseppe Lippi Francois Mullier 4 February 2021 Pseudothrombocytopenia A Review on Causes Occurrence and Clinical Implications Journal of Clinical Medicine 10 4 594 doi 10 3390 JCM10040594 ISSN 2077 0383 PMC 7915523 PMID 33557431 Wikidata Q116885099 Nicola Bizzaro 1 October 1995 EDTA dependent pseudothrombocytopenia a clinical and epidemiological study of 112 cases with 10 year follow up American Journal of Hematology 50 2 104 doi 10 1002 AJH 2830500206 ISSN 0361 8609 PMID 7572988 Wikidata Q33488487 Further reading EditW H Choe Y U Cho J D Chae S H Kim 7 September 2012 Pseudothrombocytopenia or platelet clumping as a possible cause of low platelet count in patients with viral infection a case series from single institution focusing on hepatitis A virus infection International Journal of Laboratory Hematology 35 1 70 76 doi 10 1111 J 1751 553X 2012 01466 X ISSN 1751 5521 PMID 22958573 Wikidata Q33403198 Froom Paul Barak Mira 20 October 2010 Prevalence and course of pseudothrombocytopenia in outpatients Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 49 1 111 114 doi 10 1515 CCLM 2011 013 ISSN 1434 6621 PMID 20961195 Wikidata Q33392370 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pseudothrombocytopenia amp oldid 1141340081, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
