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Protohermes

April 10, 2024

Protohermes is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae.[1] Protohermes is the most speciose and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia.[2][3] This endemism may be a result of an association with high elevation and high slope streams in Northern Vietnam and China.

Protohermes
Protohermes grandis
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Megaloptera
Family: Corydalidae
Subfamily: Corydalinae
Genus: Protohermes
Van der Weele

Description edit

Adult Protohermes generally have yellow coloration with white spots on the wings.[2] The male genitalia are diverse across the genus and can be useful only for species-level identification, especially the shape and size of the tenth tergum and the subgenital plate at the ninth sternum. Nuptial gifts in Protohermes may as large as 20% of the total body mass of the male and can require up to 2 days to recover before mating again.[4]

The size and phenology of larvae is closely tied to the availability of different sizes of prey.[5] Dwarfism occurs in populations on islands and peninsulas as a result of fewer species of large prey, and maturation may be synchronous with prey in locations with seasonal variability. Larger larvae do not consume smaller prey, and they actively select prey as an ambush predator.[6] Larvae are motionless 90% of the time during the day, but do change position on the stream bed during the night.[7]

Taxonomy edit

Protohermes contains the following species:[8]

  • Protohermes acutatus X.-y. Liu et al., 2007
  • Protohermes albipennis (Walker, 1853)
  • Protohermes arunachalensis Ghosh, 1991
  • Protohermes assamensis Kimmins, 1949
  • Protohermes axillatus Navás, 1932
  • Protohermes basimaculatus X.-y. Liu et al., 2007
  • Protohermes bellulus Banks, 1931
  • Protohermes burmanus X.-y. Liu & Dvořák, 2017
  • Protohermes cangyuanensis C.-k. Yang & D. Yang, 1988
  • Protohermes cavaleriei Navás, 1925
  • Protohermes changninganus C.-k. Yang & D. Yang, 1988
  • Protohermes chebalingensis X.-y. Liu & D. Yang, 2006
  • Protohermes concolorus C.-k. Yang & D. Yang, 1988
  • Protohermes congruens X.-y. Liu et al., 2009
  • Protohermes costalis (Walker, 1853)
  • Protohermes costatostriatus (van der Weele, 1907) (=Neurhermes)
  • Protohermes curvicornis X.-y. Liu et al., 2013
  • Protohermes davidi van der Weele, 1909
  • Protohermes decemmaculatus (Walker, 1860)
  • Protohermes decolor Navás, 1931
  • Protohermes dichrous (Brauer, 1878)
  • Protohermes differentialis (C.-k. Yang & D. Yang, 1986) (=Neurhermes)
  • Protohermes dimaculatus C.-k. Yang & D. Yang, 1988
  • Protohermes disjunctus X.-y. Liu et al., 2007
  • Protohermes dulongjiangensis X.-y. Liu et al., 2010
  • Protohermes festivus Navás, 1932
  • Protohermes flavinervus X.-y. Liu et al., 2009
  • Protohermes flavipennis Navás, 1929
  • Protohermes flinti X.-y. Liu et al., 2007
  • Protohermes fruhstorferi (van der Weele, 1907)
  • Protohermes fujianensis C.-k. Yang & D. Yang, 1999
  • Protohermes furcatus X.-y. Liu et al., 2008
  • Protohermes goodgeri X.-y. Liu et al., 2013
  • Protohermes grandis (Thunberg, 1781)
  • Protohermes guangxiensis C.-k. Yang & D. Yang, 1986
  • Protohermes gutianensis D. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1995
  • Protohermes hainanensis C.-k. Yang & D. Yang, 1990
  • Protohermes horni Navás, 1932
  • Protohermes hubeiensis D. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1992
  • Protohermes hunanensis D. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1992
  • Protohermes immaculatus Kuwayama, 1964
  • Protohermes impunctatus X.-y. Liu et al., 2008
  • Protohermes infectus (McLachlan, 1869)
  • Protohermes ishizukai X.-y. Liu et al., 2009
  • Protohermes karubei X.-y. Liu et al., 2013
  • Protohermes latus X.-y. Liu & D. Yang, 2006
  • Protohermes lii X.-y. Liu et al., 2007
  • Protohermes maculiferus (Walker, 1853) (=Neurhermes)
  • Protohermes maculipennis (G. Gray in Cuvier, 1832) (=Neurhermes)
  • Protohermes montanus (McLachlan, 1869)
  • Protohermes motuoensis X.-y. Liu & D. Yang, 2006
  • Protohermes niger C.-k. Yang & D. Yang, 1988
  • Protohermes nigerescens (X.-y. Liu et al., 2015) (=Neurhermes)
  • Protohermes ohli X.-y. Liu et al., 2013
  • Protohermes orientalis X.-y. Liu et al., 2007
  • Protohermes owadai X.-y. Liu et al., 2007
  • Protohermes parcus C.-k. Yang & D. Yang, 1988
  • Protohermes pennyi X.-y. Liu et al., 2009
  • Protohermes piaoacanus X.-y. Liu et al., 2008
  • Protohermes sabahensis X.-y. Liu et al., 2008
  • Protohermes selysi (van der Weele, 1909) (=Neurhermes)
  • Protohermes similis C.-k. Yang & D. Yang, 1988
  • Protohermes sinensis D. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1992
  • Protohermes sinuolatus X.-y. Liu et al., 2009
  • Protohermes sonus X.-y. Liu et al., 2013
  • Protohermes spectabilis X.-y. Liu et al., 2008
  • Protohermes stangei X.-y. Liu & Dobosz, 2019
  • Protohermes stigmosus X.-y. Liu et al., 2007
  • Protohermes striatulus Navás, 1926
  • Protohermes sublunatus X.-y. Liu et al., 2013
  • Protohermes subnubilus Kimmins, 1949
  • Protohermes subparcus X.-y. Liu & D. Yang, 2006
  • Protohermes sumatrensis (van der Weele, 1909) (=Neurhermes)
  • Protohermes tenellus X.-y. Liu et al., 2007
  • Protohermes tonkinensis (van der Weele, 1909) (=Neurhermes)
  • Protohermes tortuosus X.-y. Liu et al., 2008
  • Protohermes trapezius Li & X.-y. Liu, 2021
  • Protohermes triangulatus X.-y. Liu et al., 2007
  • Protohermes uniformis Banks, 1931
  • Protohermes vitalisi Navás, 1919
  • Protohermes walkeri Navás, 1929
  • Protohermes weelei Navás, 1925
  • Protohermes wuyishanicus Li & X.-y. Liu, 2021
  • Protohermes xanthodes Navás, 1914
  • Protohermes xingshanensis X.-y. Liu & D. Yang, 2005
  • Protohermes yangi X.-y. Liu et al., 2007
  • Protohermes yunnanensis C.-k. Yang & D. Yang, 1988
  • Protohermes zhuae X.-y. Liu et al., 2008

Some authors recognize species-group assemblages within the genus (e.g.,[2][9]), and other authors treat the genus Neurhermes as valid (these species are marked above), but are generally treated as Protohermes.[10]

References edit

  1. ^ "Genus Protohermes". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2023-02-12.
  2. ^ a b c LIU, XINGYUE; HAYASHI, FUMIO; YANG, DING (2007-04-02). "Systematics of the Protohermes costalis species-group (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)". Zootaxa. 1439 (1): 1. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1439.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334.
  3. ^ LIU, XINGYUE; HAYASHI, FUMIO; YANG, DING (2009-07-01). "Notes on the genus Protohermes van der Weele (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) from Vietnam, with description of two new species". Zootaxa. 2146 (1): 22–34. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2146.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334.
  4. ^ Hayashi, Fumio (1993). "Male mating costs in two insect species (Protohermes, Megaloptera) that produce large spermatophores". Animal Behaviour. 45 (2): 343–349. doi:10.1006/anbe.1993.1039. ISSN 0003-3472.
  5. ^ Hayashi, Fumio (1994), "Life-history patterns in 15 populations of Protohermes (Megaloptera: Corydalidae): Effects of prey size and temperature", Insect life-cycle polymorphism, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 227–243, ISBN 978-90-481-4401-3, retrieved 2023-02-12
  6. ^ HAYASHI, FUMIO (1988). "Prey selection by the dobsonfly larva, Protohermes grandis (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)". Freshwater Biology. 20 (1): 19–29. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.1988.tb01713.x. ISSN 0046-5070.
  7. ^ Hayashi, Fumio; Nakane, Masatoshi (1989). "Radio tracking and activity monitoring of the dobsonfly larva, Protohermes grandis (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)". Oecologia. 78 (4): 468–472. doi:10.1007/bf00378735. ISSN 0029-8549.
  8. ^ Lacewing Digital Library: Protohermes
  9. ^ Liu, Xingyue; Yang, Ding (2005). "Revision of theProtohermes changningensisspecies group from China (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Corydalinae)". Aquatic Insects. 27 (3): 167–178. doi:10.1080/01650420500054904. ISSN 0165-0424.
  10. ^ Liu, Xingyue; Yang, Ding (2006). "The Protohermes differentialis group (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Corydalinae) from China, with description of one new species". Aquatic Insects. 28 (3): 219–227. doi:10.1080/01650420600980297. ISSN 0165-0424.

April 10, 2024
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Protohermes is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae 1 Protohermes is the most speciose and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera but up to 85 of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia 2 3 This endemism may be a result of an association with high elevation and high slope streams in Northern Vietnam and China ProtohermesProtohermes grandisScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClass InsectaOrder MegalopteraFamily CorydalidaeSubfamily CorydalinaeGenus ProtohermesVan der WeeleDescription editAdult Protohermes generally have yellow coloration with white spots on the wings 2 The male genitalia are diverse across the genus and can be useful only for species level identification especially the shape and size of the tenth tergum and the subgenital plate at the ninth sternum Nuptial gifts in Protohermes may as large as 20 of the total body mass of the male and can require up to 2 days to recover before mating again 4 The size and phenology of larvae is closely tied to the availability of different sizes of prey 5 Dwarfism occurs in populations on islands and peninsulas as a result of fewer species of large prey and maturation may be synchronous with prey in locations with seasonal variability Larger larvae do not consume smaller prey and they actively select prey as an ambush predator 6 Larvae are motionless 90 of the time during the day but do change position on the stream bed during the night 7 Taxonomy editProtohermes contains the following species 8 Protohermes acutatus X y Liu et al 2007 Protohermes albipennis Walker 1853 Protohermes arunachalensis Ghosh 1991 Protohermes assamensis Kimmins 1949 Protohermes axillatus Navas 1932 Protohermes basimaculatus X y Liu et al 2007 Protohermes bellulus Banks 1931 Protohermes burmanus X y Liu amp Dvorak 2017 Protohermes cangyuanensis C k Yang amp D Yang 1988 Protohermes cavaleriei Navas 1925 Protohermes changninganus C k Yang amp D Yang 1988 Protohermes chebalingensis X y Liu amp D Yang 2006 Protohermes concolorus C k Yang amp D Yang 1988 Protohermes congruens X y Liu et al 2009 Protohermes costalis Walker 1853 Protohermes costatostriatus van der Weele 1907 Neurhermes Protohermes curvicornis X y Liu et al 2013 Protohermes davidi van der Weele 1909 Protohermes decemmaculatus Walker 1860 Protohermes decolor Navas 1931 Protohermes dichrous Brauer 1878 Protohermes differentialis C k Yang amp D Yang 1986 Neurhermes Protohermes dimaculatus C k Yang amp D Yang 1988 Protohermes disjunctus X y Liu et al 2007 Protohermes dulongjiangensis X y Liu et al 2010 Protohermes festivus Navas 1932 Protohermes flavinervus X y Liu et al 2009 Protohermes flavipennis Navas 1929 Protohermes flinti X y Liu et al 2007 Protohermes fruhstorferi van der Weele 1907 Protohermes fujianensis C k Yang amp D Yang 1999 Protohermes furcatus X y Liu et al 2008 Protohermes goodgeri X y Liu et al 2013 Protohermes grandis Thunberg 1781 Protohermes guangxiensis C k Yang amp D Yang 1986 Protohermes gutianensis D Yang amp C k Yang 1995 Protohermes hainanensis C k Yang amp D Yang 1990 Protohermes horni Navas 1932 Protohermes hubeiensis D Yang amp C k Yang 1992 Protohermes hunanensis D Yang amp C k Yang 1992 Protohermes immaculatus Kuwayama 1964 Protohermes impunctatus X y Liu et al 2008 Protohermes infectus McLachlan 1869 Protohermes ishizukai X y Liu et al 2009 Protohermes karubei X y Liu et al 2013 Protohermes latus X y Liu amp D Yang 2006 Protohermes lii X y Liu et al 2007 Protohermes maculiferus Walker 1853 Neurhermes Protohermes maculipennis G Gray in Cuvier 1832 Neurhermes Protohermes montanus McLachlan 1869 Protohermes motuoensis X y Liu amp D Yang 2006 Protohermes niger C k Yang amp D Yang 1988 Protohermes nigerescens X y Liu et al 2015 Neurhermes Protohermes ohli X y Liu et al 2013 Protohermes orientalis X y Liu et al 2007 Protohermes owadai X y Liu et al 2007 Protohermes parcus C k Yang amp D Yang 1988 Protohermes pennyi X y Liu et al 2009 Protohermes piaoacanus X y Liu et al 2008 Protohermes sabahensis X y Liu et al 2008 Protohermes selysi van der Weele 1909 Neurhermes Protohermes similis C k Yang amp D Yang 1988 Protohermes sinensis D Yang amp C k Yang 1992 Protohermes sinuolatus X y Liu et al 2009 Protohermes sonus X y Liu et al 2013 Protohermes spectabilis X y Liu et al 2008 Protohermes stangei X y Liu amp Dobosz 2019 Protohermes stigmosus X y Liu et al 2007 Protohermes striatulus Navas 1926 Protohermes sublunatus X y Liu et al 2013 Protohermes subnubilus Kimmins 1949 Protohermes subparcus X y Liu amp D Yang 2006 Protohermes sumatrensis van der Weele 1909 Neurhermes Protohermes tenellus X y Liu et al 2007 Protohermes tonkinensis van der Weele 1909 Neurhermes Protohermes tortuosus X y Liu et al 2008 Protohermes trapezius Li amp X y Liu 2021 Protohermes triangulatus X y Liu et al 2007 Protohermes uniformis Banks 1931 Protohermes vitalisi Navas 1919 Protohermes walkeri Navas 1929 Protohermes weelei Navas 1925 Protohermes wuyishanicus Li amp X y Liu 2021 Protohermes xanthodes Navas 1914 Protohermes xingshanensis X y Liu amp D Yang 2005 Protohermes yangi X y Liu et al 2007 Protohermes yunnanensis C k Yang amp D Yang 1988 Protohermes zhuae X y Liu et al 2008 Some authors recognize species group assemblages within the genus e g 2 9 and other authors treat the genus Neurhermes as valid these species are marked above but are generally treated as Protohermes 10 References edit Genus Protohermes iNaturalist Retrieved 2023 02 12 a b c LIU XINGYUE HAYASHI FUMIO YANG DING 2007 04 02 Systematics of the Protohermes costalis species group Megaloptera Corydalidae Zootaxa 1439 1 1 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 1439 1 1 ISSN 1175 5334 LIU XINGYUE HAYASHI FUMIO YANG DING 2009 07 01 Notes on the genus Protohermes van der Weele Megaloptera Corydalidae from Vietnam with description of two new species Zootaxa 2146 1 22 34 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 2146 1 2 ISSN 1175 5334 Hayashi Fumio 1993 Male mating costs in two insect species Protohermes Megaloptera that produce large spermatophores Animal Behaviour 45 2 343 349 doi 10 1006 anbe 1993 1039 ISSN 0003 3472 Hayashi Fumio 1994 Life history patterns in 15 populations of Protohermes Megaloptera Corydalidae Effects of prey size and temperature Insect life cycle polymorphism Dordrecht Springer Netherlands pp 227 243 ISBN 978 90 481 4401 3 retrieved 2023 02 12 HAYASHI FUMIO 1988 Prey selection by the dobsonfly larva Protohermes grandis Megaloptera Corydalidae Freshwater Biology 20 1 19 29 doi 10 1111 j 1365 2427 1988 tb01713 x ISSN 0046 5070 Hayashi Fumio Nakane Masatoshi 1989 Radio tracking and activity monitoring of the dobsonfly larva Protohermes grandis Megaloptera Corydalidae Oecologia 78 4 468 472 doi 10 1007 bf00378735 ISSN 0029 8549 Lacewing Digital Library Protohermes Liu Xingyue Yang Ding 2005 Revision of theProtohermes changningensisspecies group from China Megaloptera Corydalidae Corydalinae Aquatic Insects 27 3 167 178 doi 10 1080 01650420500054904 ISSN 0165 0424 Liu Xingyue Yang Ding 2006 The Protohermes differentialis group Megaloptera Corydalidae Corydalinae from China with description of one new species Aquatic Insects 28 3 219 227 doi 10 1080 01650420600980297 ISSN 0165 0424 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Protohermes amp oldid 1215503723, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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