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Pristionchus

January 01, 1970

Pristionchus is a genus of nematodes (roundworms) in the family Diplogastridae that currently includes more than 50 described species. They are known mainly as non-parasitic associates of insects, especially beetles, while others have been reported from soil, organic matter, or rotting wood. The genus includes P. pacificus, a satellite model organism to the well-studied nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

Pristionchus
Pristionchus pacificus
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Chromadorea
Order: Rhabditida
Family: Diplogasteridae
Genus: Pristionchus
Kreis 1932[1]

Ecology and mouth dimorphism edit

In Pristionchus species associated with insects, the nematodes usually live on their hosts in a dormant stage (the dauer larva). After the death of the host insect, the nematodes resume development, feeding and reproducing on the decaying host carcass.[2] Most species of Pristionchus show a polyphenism in their feeding structures, which allows the nematodes to access different food resources in this rapidly changing environment. In one form (the "stenostomatous" form), the mouth is elongated, narrow, and equipped with one small tooth, whereas in the other ("eurystomatous" form) it is short, wide, and with two large teeth.[3] The emergence of a particular form depends on specific environmental conditions and the availability of food. Whereas the stenostomatous form feeds primarily on microorganisms, the eurystomatous form can feed additionally on other nematodes.[4] In the laboratory, Pristionchus species can be cultured on bacteria such as Escherichia coli.

Reproduction edit

Most known species of Pristionchus have males and females, although several species are androdioecious, consisting of males and self-fertilizing hermaphrodites. Sex determination in Pristionchus species is by an X0 system, whereby males have one sex (X) chromosome and females/hermaphrodites have two.

Species edit

The following are all Pristionchus species that have been sequenced (most of them are kept in culture and available as frozen strains):

  • Pristionchus aerivorus —from termites in North America[5]
  • Pristionchus americanus —from scarab beetles in North America[5]
  • Pristionchus arcanus —forms a cryptic species complex with P. pacificus and P. exspectatus; known from termites in Japan[6]
  • Pristionchus atlanticus —known from soil in the eastern United States[7]
  • Pristionchus auriculatae —from rotting fruits of the fig Ficus auriculata in Shanghai, China[8]
  • Pristionchus boliviae —androdioecious; from scarab beetles in South America[7]
  • Pristionchus borbonicus —from Réunion Island; notable for developing one of five different mouth forms depending on available food sources.[9][10]
  • Pristionchus brevicauda —from Eastern Europe[11]
  • Pristionchus bucculentus —associated with shining mushroom beetles and pleasing fungus beetles in Japan[12]
  • Pristionchus bulgaricus —from the rose chafer in Eastern Europe[11]
  • Pristionchus chinensis —from the scarab beetle Mimela sp. in Bubeng field station CAS, China[8]
  • Pristionchus clavus —from Eastern Europe[11]
  • Pristionchus degawai —from millipedes in Japan[13]
  • Pristionchus dorci —from the stag beetle Dorcus davidis in Ganquan, China[8]
  • Pristionchus elegans —from dung beetles in Japan[14]
  • Pristionchus entomophagus —hermaphroditic (males rare); cosmopolitan, common in Europe, especially on scarab beetles[2]
  • Pristionchus exspectatus —the putative sister species of P. pacificus; reported from stag beetles[6]
  • Pristionchus fukushimae —from scarab beetles in Japan[15]
  • Pristionchus fissidentatus —androdioecious; from Nepal and La Réunion Island[14]
  • Pristionchus hongkongensis —from stag beetles in Hong Kong[13]
  • Pristionchus hoplostomus —collected from soil in Japan[15]
  • Pristionchus japonicus —from soil around a dead earthworm in Japan[6]
  • Pristionchus kurosawai —from Lucanus kurosawa in Songquangang, Taiwan[16]
  • Pristionchus laevicollis —from millipedes in Japan[13]
  • Pristionchus lheritieri —common in Europe; reported from soil, organic material, and dung beetles[2]
  • Pristionchus lucani —from stag beetles in France[11]
  • Pristionchus magnoliae —from fruit of Magnolia grandiflora in Shanghai, China[8]
  • Pristionchus marianneae —from Popilia japonica near Geneva, New York, USA[5]
  • Pristionchus maupasi —androdioecious; from Europe and North America, especially in association with May beetles[2][5]
  • Pristionchus maxplancki —from stag beetles in Japan; closest known outgroup to the P. pacificus species complex[17]
  • Pristionchus mayeri —androdioecious; from scarab beetles on La Réunion and Mauritius[7]
  • Pristionchus musae —from banana "Musa, sp." in Yuanyang, China[8]
  • Pristionchus neolucani —from stag beetles in Hong Kong[13]
  • Pristionchus nudus —from a longhorn beetle, Cerambycidae, in Xishuangbanna, China[8]
  • Pristionchus occultus —from Taiwan[18]
  • Pristionchus pacificus —cosmopolitan distribution, most commonly in association with scarab beetles; an established laboratory model species[19][20]
  • Pristionchus paranudus —from rotting water hyacinth bulbs in Yuanyang, China[8]
  • Pristionchus passalidorum —from Passalidae sp. in Ailaoshan field station CAS, China[8]
  • Pristionchus pauli —from scarab beetles in the eastern United States[5]
  • Pristionchus paulseni —from Lucanus taiwanensis in Taroko National Park, Taiwan[21]
  • Pristionchus pseudaerivorus —from North America[5]
  • Pristionchus purgamentorium —from Mimela sp. in Ganquan, China[8]
  • Pristionchus quartusdecimus —from the Oriental beetle in Japan[17]
  • Pristionchus racemosae[9]
  • Pristionchus riukiariae —from millipedes in Japan[13]
  • Pristionchus sikae —from the stag beetle Dorcus titanus sika in Huisun, Taiwan[16]
  • Pristionchus sycomori —from Ficus sycomorus fig fruit in South Africa[9]
  • Pristionchus taiwanensis[18]
  • Pristionchus triformis —androdioecious; associated with dung beetles and other scarab beetles; reported from Europe, La Réunion, and Canada[15]
  • Pristionchus uniformis —associated with the Colorado potato beetle in Europe and North America[2][22]
  • Pristionchus yamagatae —from Holotrichia kiotoensis in Mamurogawa, Yamagata, Japan[21]

Molecular phylogeny edit

[8]  

References edit

  1. ^ "Pristionchus Kreis, 1932". GBIF.org. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e Herrmann M, Mayer WE, Sommer RJ (2006). "Nematodes of the genus Pristionchus are closely associated with scarab beetles and the Colorado potato beetle in Western Europe". Zoology. 109 (2): 96–108. doi:10.1016/j.zool.2006.03.001. PMID 16616467.
  3. ^ Fürst von Lieven A, Sudhaus W (2000). "Comparative and functional morphology of the buccal cavity of Diplogastrina (Nematoda) and a first outline of the phylogeny of this taxon". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 38: 37–63. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0469.2000.381125.x.
  4. ^ Serobyan V, Ragsdale EJ, Sommer RJ (2014). "Adaptive value of a predatory mouth-form in a dimorphic nematode". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B. 281 (1791): 20141334. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.1334. PMC 4132687. PMID 25080344.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Herrmann M, Mayer WE, Sommer RJ (2006). "Sex, bugs and Haldane's rule: the nematode genus Pristionchus in the United States". Frontiers in Zoology. 3: 14. doi:10.1186/1742-9994-3-14. PMC 1578557. PMID 16968539.
  6. ^ a b c Kanzaki N, Ragsdale EJ, Herrmann M, Mayer WE, Sommer RJ (2012). "Description of three Pristionchus species (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) from Japan that form a cryptic species complex with the model organism P. pacificus". Zoological Science. 29 (6): 403–417. doi:10.2108/zsj.29.403. PMID 22639812. S2CID 4502687.
  7. ^ a b c Kanzaki N, Ragsdale EJ, Herrmann M, Susoy V, Sommer RJ (2013). "Two androdioecious and one dioecious new species of Pristionchus (Nematoda: Diplogastridae): new reference points for the evolution of reproductive mode". Journal of Nematology. 45 (3): 172–194. PMC 3792836. PMID 24115783.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Kanzaki N, Herrmann M, Weiler C, Röseler W, Theska T, Berger J, Rödelsperger C, Sommer RJ (2021). "nine new Pristionchus species (Nematoda, Diplogastridae)from China". Zootaxa. 4346 (1): 001–066. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4943.1.1. PMID 33757041.
  9. ^ a b c Susoy V, Herrmann M, Kanzaki N, Kruger M, Nguyen CN, Rödelsperger C, Röseler W, Weiler C, Giblin-Davis RM, Ragsdale EJ, Sommer RJ (2016). "Large-scale diversification without genetic isolation in nematode symbionts of figs". Science Advances. 2 (1): e1501031. Bibcode:2016SciA....2E1031S. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501031. PMC 4730855. PMID 26824073. S2CID 6564647.
  10. ^ "New Worm Species Has Five Faces : DNews". DNews. 2016-01-04. Retrieved 2016-01-05.
  11. ^ a b c d Kanzaki N, Ragsdale EJ, Herrmann M, Sommer RJ (2014). "Two new and two recharacterized species from a radiation of Pristionchus (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) in Europe". Journal of Nematology. 46 (1): 60–74. PMC 3957573. PMID 24644372.
  12. ^ Kanzaki N, Ragsdale EJ, Herrmann M, Röseler W, Sommer RJ (2013). "Pristionchus bucculentus n. sp. (Rhabditida: Diplogastridae) Isolated from a Shining Mushroom Beetle (Coleoptera: Scaphidiidae) in Hokkaido, Japan". J. Nematol. 45 (1): 78–86. PMC 3625135. PMID 23589663.
  13. ^ a b c d e Kanzaki N, Herrmann M, Yoshida K, Weiler C, Rödelsperger C, Sommer RJ (2018). "Sampling of Millipedes in Japan and Scarab beetles in Hong Kong result in five new species of Pristionchus (Nematoda: Diplogastridae)". Journal of Nematology. 50 (4): 587–610. doi:10.21307/jofnem-2018-044. PMC 6909306. PMID 31094161.
  14. ^ a b Kanzaki N, Ragsdale EJ, Herrmann M, Sommer RJ (2012). "Two new species of Pristionchus (Rhabditida: Diplogastridae): P. fissidentatus n. sp. from Nepal and La Réunion Island and P. elegans n. sp. from Japan". Journal of Nematology. 44 (1): 80–91. PMC 3593256. PMID 23483847.
  15. ^ a b c Ragsdale EJ, Kanzaki N, Röseler W, Herrmann M, Sommer RJ (2013). "Three new species of Pristionchus (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) show morphological divergence through evolutionary intermediates of a novel feeding-structure polymorphism". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 168 (4): 671–698. doi:10.1111/zoj.12041.
  16. ^ a b Yoshida K, Herrmann M, Kanzaki N, Weiler C, Rödelsperger C, Sommer RJ (2018). "Two New Species of Pristionchus (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) from Taiwan and the Definition of the pacificus Species-Complex Sensu Stricto". Journal of Nematology. 50 (3): 355–368. doi:10.21307/jofnem-2018-019. PMC 6909367. PMID 30451420.
  17. ^ a b Kanzaki N, Ragsdale EJ, Herrmann M, Röseler W, Sommer RJ (2013). "Two new species of Pristionchus (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) support the biogeographic importance of Japan for the evolution of the genus Pristionchus and the model system P. pacificus". Zoological Science. 30 (8): 680–692. doi:10.2108/zsj.30.680. PMID 23915163. S2CID 22055918.
  18. ^ a b Herrmann M, Weiler C, Rödelsperger C, Kanzaki N, Sommer RJ (2016). "Two New Pristionchus Species (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) from Taiwan are Part of a Species-cluster Representing the Closest Known Relatives of the Model Organism P. pacificus". Zoological Studies. 55 (55): e48. doi:10.6620/ZS.2016.55-48. PMC 6511970. PMID 31966193.
  19. ^ Sommer RJ, Carta LK, Kim SY, Sternberg PW (1996). "Morphological, genetic and molecular description of Pristionchus pacificus n. sp. (Nematoda: Neodiplogastridae)". Fundamental and Applied Nematology. 19: 511–521.
  20. ^ Sommer RJ (2009). "The future of evo-devo: model systems and evolutionary theory". Nature Reviews Genetics. 10 (6): 416–422. doi:10.1038/nrg2567. PMID 19369972. S2CID 4494832.
  21. ^ a b Herrmann M, Kanzaki N, Weiler C, Yoshida K, Rödelsperger C, Sommer RJ (2019). "Two new Species of Pristionchus (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) include the Gonochoristic Sister Species of P. fissidentatus". Journal of Nematology. 51: 1–14. doi:10.21307/jofnem-2019-024. PMC 6930957. PMID 31088036.
  22. ^ Fedorko A, Stanuszek S (1971). "Pristionchus uniformis sp. n. (Nematoda, Rhabditida, Diplogasteridae), a facultative parasite of Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say and Melolontha melolontha L. in Poland. Morphology and biology". Acta Parasitologica. 19: 95–112.

External links edit

January 01, 1970
pristionchus, genus, nematodes, roundworms, family, diplogastridae, that, currently, includes, more, than, described, species, they, known, mainly, parasitic, associates, insects, especially, beetles, while, others, have, been, reported, from, soil, organic, m. Pristionchus is a genus of nematodes roundworms in the family Diplogastridae that currently includes more than 50 described species They are known mainly as non parasitic associates of insects especially beetles while others have been reported from soil organic matter or rotting wood The genus includes P pacificus a satellite model organism to the well studied nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Pristionchus Pristionchus pacificus Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Nematoda Class Chromadorea Order Rhabditida Family Diplogasteridae Genus PristionchusKreis 1932 1 Contents 1 Ecology and mouth dimorphism 2 Reproduction 3 Species 4 Molecular phylogeny 5 References 6 External linksEcology and mouth dimorphism editIn Pristionchus species associated with insects the nematodes usually live on their hosts in a dormant stage the dauer larva After the death of the host insect the nematodes resume development feeding and reproducing on the decaying host carcass 2 Most species of Pristionchus show a polyphenism in their feeding structures which allows the nematodes to access different food resources in this rapidly changing environment In one form the stenostomatous form the mouth is elongated narrow and equipped with one small tooth whereas in the other eurystomatous form it is short wide and with two large teeth 3 The emergence of a particular form depends on specific environmental conditions and the availability of food Whereas the stenostomatous form feeds primarily on microorganisms the eurystomatous form can feed additionally on other nematodes 4 In the laboratory Pristionchus species can be cultured on bacteria such as Escherichia coli Reproduction editMost known species of Pristionchus have males and females although several species are androdioecious consisting of males and self fertilizing hermaphrodites Sex determination in Pristionchus species is by an X0 system whereby males have one sex X chromosome and females hermaphrodites have two Species editThe following are all Pristionchus species that have been sequenced most of them are kept in culture and available as frozen strains Pristionchus aerivorus from termites in North America 5 Pristionchus americanus from scarab beetles in North America 5 Pristionchus arcanus forms a cryptic species complex with P pacificus and P exspectatus known from termites in Japan 6 Pristionchus atlanticus known from soil in the eastern United States 7 Pristionchus auriculatae from rotting fruits of the fig Ficus auriculata in Shanghai China 8 Pristionchus boliviae androdioecious from scarab beetles in South America 7 Pristionchus borbonicus from Reunion Island notable for developing one of five different mouth forms depending on available food sources 9 10 Pristionchus brevicauda from Eastern Europe 11 Pristionchus bucculentus associated with shining mushroom beetles and pleasing fungus beetles in Japan 12 Pristionchus bulgaricus from the rose chafer in Eastern Europe 11 Pristionchus chinensis from the scarab beetle Mimela sp in Bubeng field station CAS China 8 Pristionchus clavus from Eastern Europe 11 Pristionchus degawai from millipedes in Japan 13 Pristionchus dorci from the stag beetle Dorcus davidis in Ganquan China 8 Pristionchus elegans from dung beetles in Japan 14 Pristionchus entomophagus hermaphroditic males rare cosmopolitan common in Europe especially on scarab beetles 2 Pristionchus exspectatus the putative sister species of P pacificus reported from stag beetles 6 Pristionchus fukushimae from scarab beetles in Japan 15 Pristionchus fissidentatus androdioecious from Nepal and La Reunion Island 14 Pristionchus hongkongensis from stag beetles in Hong Kong 13 Pristionchus hoplostomus collected from soil in Japan 15 Pristionchus japonicus from soil around a dead earthworm in Japan 6 Pristionchus kurosawai from Lucanus kurosawa in Songquangang Taiwan 16 Pristionchus laevicollis from millipedes in Japan 13 Pristionchus lheritieri common in Europe reported from soil organic material and dung beetles 2 Pristionchus lucani from stag beetles in France 11 Pristionchus magnoliae from fruit of Magnolia grandiflora in Shanghai China 8 Pristionchus marianneae from Popilia japonica near Geneva New York USA 5 Pristionchus maupasi androdioecious from Europe and North America especially in association with May beetles 2 5 Pristionchus maxplancki from stag beetles in Japan closest known outgroup to the P pacificus species complex 17 Pristionchus mayeri androdioecious from scarab beetles on La Reunion and Mauritius 7 Pristionchus musae from banana Musa sp in Yuanyang China 8 Pristionchus neolucani from stag beetles in Hong Kong 13 Pristionchus nudus from a longhorn beetle Cerambycidae in Xishuangbanna China 8 Pristionchus occultus from Taiwan 18 Pristionchus pacificus cosmopolitan distribution most commonly in association with scarab beetles an established laboratory model species 19 20 Pristionchus paranudus from rotting water hyacinth bulbs in Yuanyang China 8 Pristionchus passalidorum from Passalidae sp in Ailaoshan field station CAS China 8 Pristionchus pauli from scarab beetles in the eastern United States 5 Pristionchus paulseni from Lucanus taiwanensis in Taroko National Park Taiwan 21 Pristionchus pseudaerivorus from North America 5 Pristionchus purgamentorium from Mimela sp in Ganquan China 8 Pristionchus quartusdecimus from the Oriental beetle in Japan 17 Pristionchus racemosae 9 Pristionchus riukiariae from millipedes in Japan 13 Pristionchus sikae from the stag beetle Dorcus titanus sika in Huisun Taiwan 16 Pristionchus sycomori from Ficus sycomorus fig fruit in South Africa 9 Pristionchus taiwanensis 18 Pristionchus triformis androdioecious associated with dung beetles and other scarab beetles reported from Europe La Reunion and Canada 15 Pristionchus uniformis associated with the Colorado potato beetle in Europe and North America 2 22 Pristionchus yamagatae from Holotrichia kiotoensis in Mamurogawa Yamagata Japan 21 Molecular phylogeny edit 8 nbsp References edit Pristionchus Kreis 1932 GBIF org Retrieved 6 September 2014 a b c d e Herrmann M Mayer WE Sommer RJ 2006 Nematodes of the genus Pristionchus are closely associated with scarab beetles and the Colorado potato beetle in Western Europe Zoology 109 2 96 108 doi 10 1016 j zool 2006 03 001 PMID 16616467 Furst von Lieven A Sudhaus W 2000 Comparative and functional morphology of the buccal cavity of Diplogastrina Nematoda and a first outline of the phylogeny of this taxon Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 38 37 63 doi 10 1046 j 1439 0469 2000 381125 x Serobyan V Ragsdale EJ Sommer RJ 2014 Adaptive value of a predatory mouth form in a dimorphic nematode Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 281 1791 20141334 doi 10 1098 rspb 2014 1334 PMC 4132687 PMID 25080344 a b c d e f Herrmann M Mayer WE Sommer RJ 2006 Sex bugs and Haldane s rule the nematode genus Pristionchus in the United States Frontiers in Zoology 3 14 doi 10 1186 1742 9994 3 14 PMC 1578557 PMID 16968539 a b c Kanzaki N Ragsdale EJ Herrmann M Mayer WE Sommer RJ 2012 Description of three Pristionchus species Nematoda Diplogastridae from Japan that form a cryptic species complex with the model organism P pacificus Zoological Science 29 6 403 417 doi 10 2108 zsj 29 403 PMID 22639812 S2CID 4502687 a b c Kanzaki N Ragsdale EJ Herrmann M Susoy V Sommer RJ 2013 Two androdioecious and one dioecious new species of Pristionchus Nematoda Diplogastridae new reference points for the evolution of reproductive mode Journal of Nematology 45 3 172 194 PMC 3792836 PMID 24115783 a b c d e f g h i j Kanzaki N Herrmann M Weiler C Roseler W Theska T Berger J Rodelsperger C Sommer RJ 2021 nine new Pristionchus species Nematoda Diplogastridae from China Zootaxa 4346 1 001 066 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 4943 1 1 PMID 33757041 a b c Susoy V Herrmann M Kanzaki N Kruger M Nguyen CN Rodelsperger C Roseler W Weiler C Giblin Davis RM Ragsdale EJ Sommer RJ 2016 Large scale diversification without genetic isolation in nematode symbionts of figs Science Advances 2 1 e1501031 Bibcode 2016SciA 2E1031S doi 10 1126 sciadv 1501031 PMC 4730855 PMID 26824073 S2CID 6564647 New Worm Species Has Five Faces DNews DNews 2016 01 04 Retrieved 2016 01 05 a b c d Kanzaki N Ragsdale EJ Herrmann M Sommer RJ 2014 Two new and two recharacterized species from a radiation of Pristionchus Nematoda Diplogastridae in Europe Journal of Nematology 46 1 60 74 PMC 3957573 PMID 24644372 Kanzaki N Ragsdale EJ Herrmann M Roseler W Sommer RJ 2013 Pristionchus bucculentus n sp Rhabditida Diplogastridae Isolated from a Shining Mushroom Beetle Coleoptera Scaphidiidae in Hokkaido Japan J Nematol 45 1 78 86 PMC 3625135 PMID 23589663 a b c d e Kanzaki N Herrmann M Yoshida K Weiler C Rodelsperger C Sommer RJ 2018 Sampling of Millipedes in Japan and Scarab beetles in Hong Kong result in five new species of Pristionchus Nematoda Diplogastridae Journal of Nematology 50 4 587 610 doi 10 21307 jofnem 2018 044 PMC 6909306 PMID 31094161 a b Kanzaki N Ragsdale EJ Herrmann M Sommer RJ 2012 Two new species of Pristionchus Rhabditida Diplogastridae P fissidentatus n sp from Nepal and La Reunion Island and P elegans n sp from Japan Journal of Nematology 44 1 80 91 PMC 3593256 PMID 23483847 a b c Ragsdale EJ Kanzaki N Roseler W Herrmann M Sommer RJ 2013 Three new species of Pristionchus Nematoda Diplogastridae show morphological divergence through evolutionary intermediates of a novel feeding structure polymorphism Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 168 4 671 698 doi 10 1111 zoj 12041 a b Yoshida K Herrmann M Kanzaki N Weiler C Rodelsperger C Sommer RJ 2018 Two New Species of Pristionchus Nematoda Diplogastridae from Taiwan and the Definition of the pacificus Species Complex Sensu Stricto Journal of Nematology 50 3 355 368 doi 10 21307 jofnem 2018 019 PMC 6909367 PMID 30451420 a b Kanzaki N Ragsdale EJ Herrmann M Roseler W Sommer RJ 2013 Two new species of Pristionchus Nematoda Diplogastridae support the biogeographic importance of Japan for the evolution of the genus Pristionchus and the model system P pacificus Zoological Science 30 8 680 692 doi 10 2108 zsj 30 680 PMID 23915163 S2CID 22055918 a b Herrmann M Weiler C Rodelsperger C Kanzaki N Sommer RJ 2016 Two New Pristionchus Species Nematoda Diplogastridae from Taiwan are Part of a Species cluster Representing the Closest Known Relatives of the Model Organism P pacificus Zoological Studies 55 55 e48 doi 10 6620 ZS 2016 55 48 PMC 6511970 PMID 31966193 Sommer RJ Carta LK Kim SY Sternberg PW 1996 Morphological genetic and molecular description of Pristionchus pacificus n sp Nematoda Neodiplogastridae Fundamental and Applied Nematology 19 511 521 Sommer RJ 2009 The future of evo devo model systems and evolutionary theory Nature Reviews Genetics 10 6 416 422 doi 10 1038 nrg2567 PMID 19369972 S2CID 4494832 a b Herrmann M Kanzaki N Weiler C Yoshida K Rodelsperger C Sommer RJ 2019 Two new Species of Pristionchus Nematoda Diplogastridae include the Gonochoristic Sister Species of P fissidentatus Journal of Nematology 51 1 14 doi 10 21307 jofnem 2019 024 PMC 6930957 PMID 31088036 Fedorko A Stanuszek S 1971 Pristionchus uniformis sp n Nematoda Rhabditida Diplogasteridae a facultative parasite of Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say and Melolontha melolontha L in Poland Morphology and biology Acta Parasitologica 19 95 112 External links edithttp www pristionchus org Pristionchus Scratchpad Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pristionchus amp oldid 1219058641, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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