A principle is a proposition or value that is a guide for behavior or evaluation. In law, it is a rule that has to be or usually is to be followed. It can be desirably followed, or it can be an inevitable consequence of something, such as the laws observed in nature or the way that a system is constructed. The principles of such a system are understood by its users as the essential characteristics of the system, or reflecting system's designed purpose, and the effective operation or use of which would be impossible if any one of the principles was to be ignored.[2] A system may be explicitly based on and implemented from a document of principles as was done in IBM's 360/370Principles of Operation.
In common English, it is a substantive and collective term referring to rule governance, the absence of which, being "unprincipled", is considered a character defect. It may also be used to declare that a reality has diverged from some ideal or norm as when something is said to be true only "in principle" but not in fact.
A principle represents values that orient and rule the conduct of persons in a particular society. To "act on principle" is to act in accordance with one's moral ideals.[4] Principles are absorbed in childhood through a process of socialization. There is a presumption of liberty of individuals that is restrained. Exemplary principles include First, do no harm, the golden rule and the doctrine of the mean.
It represents a set of values that inspire the written norms that organize the life of a society submitting to the powers of an authority, generally the State. The law establishes a legal obligation, in a coercive way; it therefore acts as principle conditioning of the action that limits the liberty of the individuals. See, for examples, the territorial principle, homestead principle, and precautionary principle.
The principle states that every event has a rational explanation.[6] The principle has a variety of expressions, all of which are perhaps best summarized by the following:
For every entity x, if x exists, then there is a sufficient explanation for why x exists.
For every event e, if e occurs, then there is a sufficient explanation for why e occurs.
For every proposition p, if p is true, then there is a sufficient explanation for why p is true.
However, one realizes that in every sentence there is a direct relation between the predicate and the subject. To say that "the Earth is round", corresponds to a direct relation between the subject and the predicate.
According to Aristotle, “It is impossible for the same thing to belong and not to belong at the same time to the same thing and in the same respect.”[7] For example, it is not possible that in exactly the same moment and place, it rains and does not rain.[8]
The principle of the excluding third or "principium tertium exclusum" is a principle of the traditional logic formulated canonically by Leibniz as: either A is B or A isn't B. It is read the following way: either P is true, or its denial ¬P is.[9] It is also known as "tertium non datur" ('A third (thing) is not'). Classically it is considered to be one of the most important fundamental principles or laws of thought (along with the principles of identity, non-contradiction and sufficient reason).
^Jacoby, Jeff. "Lady Justice's blindfold." Boston.com. 10 May 2009. 25 October 2017.
^Alpa, Guido (1994) General Principles of Law, Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law, Vol. 1: Is. 1, Article 2. from Golden Gate University School of Law
^"The Ethics of Socrates." 2018-05-01 at the Wayback MachinePhilosophy. 25 October 2017.
^"Full Transcript: Jeff Flake’s Speech on the Senate Floor." New York Times. 24 October 2017. 25 October 2017.
^Elwell, Frank W. "T. Robert Mathus's Principle ...." Rogers State University. 2013. 25 October 2017.
^"Principle of Sufficient Reason." 2018-06-11 at the Wayback MachineStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 7 September 2016. 25 October 2017.
^"Aristotle on Non-contradiction." 2018-06-11 at the Wayback MachineStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 12 June 2015. 25 October 2017.
^"Great Philosophers." Oregon State University. 2002. 25 October 2017.
^Whitehead, Alfred North (2005). Principia mathematica, by Alfred North Whitehead ... and Bertrand Russell.
External links
The dictionary definition of principle at Wiktionary
Actus Essendi and the Habit of the First Principle in Thomas Aquinas (New York: Einsiedler Press, 2019).
May 06, 2023
principle, other, uses, disambiguation, confused, with, principal, principle, proposition, value, that, guide, behavior, evaluation, rule, that, usually, followed, desirably, followed, inevitable, consequence, something, such, laws, observed, nature, that, sys. For other uses see Principle disambiguation Not to be confused with Principal A principle is a proposition or value that is a guide for behavior or evaluation In law it is a rule that has to be or usually is to be followed It can be desirably followed or it can be an inevitable consequence of something such as the laws observed in nature or the way that a system is constructed The principles of such a system are understood by its users as the essential characteristics of the system or reflecting system s designed purpose and the effective operation or use of which would be impossible if any one of the principles was to be ignored 2 A system may be explicitly based on and implemented from a document of principles as was done in IBM s 360 370 Principles of Operation The concept of blind justice is a moral principle 1 Examples of principles are entropy in a number of fields least action in physics those in descriptive comprehensive and fundamental law doctrines or assumptions forming normative rules of conduct separation of church and state in statecraft the central dogma of molecular biology fairness in ethics etc In common English it is a substantive and collective term referring to rule governance the absence of which being unprincipled is considered a character defect It may also be used to declare that a reality has diverged from some ideal or norm as when something is said to be true only in principle but not in fact Contents 1 As law 1 1 As moral law 1 2 As a juridic law 1 3 As scientific law 2 As axiom or logical fundament 2 1 Principle of sufficient reason 2 2 Principle of non contradiction 2 3 Principle of excluded middle 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksAs law EditAs moral law Edit Socrates preferred to face execution rather than betray his moral principles 3 Main article Ethics A principle represents values that orient and rule the conduct of persons in a particular society To act on principle is to act in accordance with one s moral ideals 4 Principles are absorbed in childhood through a process of socialization There is a presumption of liberty of individuals that is restrained Exemplary principles include First do no harm the golden rule and the doctrine of the mean As a juridic law Edit Main article Principle of legality It represents a set of values that inspire the written norms that organize the life of a society submitting to the powers of an authority generally the State The law establishes a legal obligation in a coercive way it therefore acts as principle conditioning of the action that limits the liberty of the individuals See for examples the territorial principle homestead principle and precautionary principle As scientific law Edit Archimedes principle relating buoyancy to the weight of displaced water is an early example of a law in science Another early one developed by Malthus is the population principle now called the Malthusian principle 5 Freud also wrote on principles especially the reality principle necessary to keep the id and pleasure principle in check Biologists use the principle of priority and principle of Binomial nomenclature for precision in naming species There are many principles observed in physics notably in cosmology which observes the mediocrity principle the anthropic principle the principle of relativity and the cosmological principle Other well known principles include the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics and the pigeonhole principle and superposition principle in mathematics As axiom or logical fundament EditPrinciple of sufficient reason Edit Main article Principle of sufficient reason The principle states that every event has a rational explanation 6 The principle has a variety of expressions all of which are perhaps best summarized by the following For every entity x if x exists then there is a sufficient explanation for why x exists For every event e if e occurs then there is a sufficient explanation for why e occurs For every proposition p if p is true then there is a sufficient explanation for why p is true However one realizes that in every sentence there is a direct relation between the predicate and the subject To say that the Earth is round corresponds to a direct relation between the subject and the predicate Principle of non contradiction Edit Portrait bust of Aristotle an Imperial Roman copy of a lost bronze sculpture made by Lysippos Main article Law of noncontradiction According to Aristotle It is impossible for the same thing to belong and not to belong at the same time to the same thing and in the same respect 7 For example it is not possible that in exactly the same moment and place it rains and does not rain 8 Principle of excluded middle Edit Main article Law of excluded middle The principle of the excluding third or principium tertium exclusum is a principle of the traditional logic formulated canonically by Leibniz as either A is B or A isn t B It is read the following way either P is true or its denial P is 9 It is also known as tertium non datur A third thing is not Classically it is considered to be one of the most important fundamental principles or laws of thought along with the principles of identity non contradiction and sufficient reason See also EditAhimsa Axiom Corollary Deduction Law principle Logical consequence Self EvidenceReferences Edit Jacoby Jeff Lady Justice s blindfold Boston com 10 May 2009 25 October 2017 Alpa Guido 1994 General Principles of Law Annual Survey of International amp Comparative Law Vol 1 Is 1 Article 2 from Golden Gate University School of Law The Ethics of Socrates Archived 2018 05 01 at the Wayback Machine Philosophy 25 October 2017 Full Transcript Jeff Flake s Speech on the Senate Floor New York Times 24 October 2017 25 October 2017 Elwell Frank W T Robert Mathus s Principle Rogers State University 2013 25 October 2017 Principle of Sufficient Reason Archived 2018 06 11 at the Wayback Machine Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 7 September 2016 25 October 2017 Aristotle on Non contradiction Archived 2018 06 11 at the Wayback Machine Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 12 June 2015 25 October 2017 Great Philosophers Oregon State University 2002 25 October 2017 Whitehead Alfred North 2005 Principia mathematica by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell External links Edit The dictionary definition of principle at Wiktionary Actus Essendi and the Habit of the First Principle in Thomas Aquinas New York Einsiedler Press 2019 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Principle amp oldid 1150258728, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
