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Deheubarth

January 29, 2023

Deheubarth (Welsh pronunciation: [dɛˈhəɨbarθ]; lit. "Right-hand Part", thus "the South")[4] was a regional name for the realms of south Wales, particularly as opposed to Gwynedd (Latin: Venedotia). It is now used as a shorthand for the various realms united under the House of Dinefwr, but that Deheubarth itself was not considered a proper kingdom on the model of Gwynedd, Powys, or Dyfed[5] is shown by its rendering in Latin as dextralis pars or as Britonnes dexterales ("the Southern Britons") and not as a named land.[6] In the oldest British writers, Deheubarth was used for all of modern Wales to distinguish it from Hen Ogledd (Y Gogledd), the northern lands whence Cunedda and the Cymry originated.[7]

Kingdom of Deheubarth
Teyrnas Deheubarth
920–1197
Banner of the House of Dinefwr
Coat of arms
Anthem: Unbennaeth Prydain
"The Monarchy of Britain"[1][2][3]
Medieval kingdoms of Wales.
CapitalDinefwr
Common languagesWelsh language
GovernmentMonarchy
• 920–950
Hywel Dda
• 1081
Rhys ap Tewdwr
• 1155–1197
Rhys ap Gruffydd
Historical eraMiddle Ages
• Established
920
• Disestablished
1197
Currencyceiniog cyfreith &
ceiniog cwta
Today part of

United Kingdom

History

See also: List of Welsh kings and House of Dinefwr
 
Cantrefi of Deheubarth, c. 1160.
 
Dinefwr Castle, 1740

Deheubarth was united around 920 by Hywel Dda out of the territories of Seisyllwg and Dyfed, which had come into his possession. Later on, the Kingdom of Brycheiniog was also added. Caerleon was previously the principal court of the area, but Hywel's dynasty fortified and built up a new base at Dinefwr, near Llandeilo, giving them their name.

After the high-water mark set by Hywel, Dinefwr was repeatedly overrun. First, by the Welsh of the north and east: by Llywelyn ap Seisyll of Gwynedd in 1018; by Rhydderch ab Iestyn of Morgannwg in 1023; by Gruffydd ap Llywelyn of Gwynedd in 1041 and 1043. In 1075, Rhys ab Owain and the noblemen of Ystrad Tywi succeeded in treacherously killing their English-backed overlord Bleddyn ap Cynfyn. Although Rhys was quickly overrun by Gwynedd and Gwent, his cousin Rhys ap Tewdwr – through his marriage into Bleddyn's family and through battle – reestablished his dynasty's hegemony over south Wales just in time for the second wave of conquest: a prolonged Norman invasion under the Marcher Lords. In 1093, Rhys was killed in unknown circumstances while resisting their expansion into Brycheiniog and his son Gruffydd was briefly thrown into exile.

Following the death of Henry I, in 1136 Gruffydd formed an alliance with Gwynedd for the purpose of a revolt against Norman incursions. He took part in Owain Gwynedd and Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd's victory over the English at Crug Mawr. The newly liberated region of Ceredigion, though, was not returned to his family but annexed by Owain.

The long and capable rule of Gruffydd's son the Lord Rhys – and the civil wars that followed Owain's death in Gwynedd – briefly permitted the South to reassert the hegemony Hywel Dda had enjoyed two centuries before. On his death in 1197, though, Rhys redivided his kingdom among his several sons and none of them ever again rivalled his power. By the time Llywelyn the Great won the wars in Gwynedd, in the first half of the 12th century, lords in Deheubarth merely appear among his clients.

Following the conquest of Wales by Edward I, the South was divided into the historic counties of Cardiganshire, Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire by the Statute of Rhuddlan.

Religion

In the arena of the church, Sulien was the leader of the monastic community at Llanbadarn Fawr in Ceredigion. Born ca. 1030, he became Bishop of St David's in 1073 and again in 1079/80. Both of his sons followed him into the service of the church. At this time the prohibition against the marriage of clerics was not yet established. His sons produced a number of manuscripts and original Latin and vernacular poems. They were very active in the ecclesiastical and political life of Deheubarth. One son, Rhygyfarch (Latin: Ricemarchus) of Llanbadarn Fawr, wrote the Life of Saint David and another, Ieuan, was a skilful scribe and illuminator. He copied some the works of Augustine of Hippo and may have written the Life of St. Padarn.

List of rulers

The kingdom of Deheubarth was formed by the union of the kingdoms of Ceredigion, Seisyllwg and Dyfed. Ceredigion was absorbed into Seisyllwg and Dyfed was merged with Seisyllwg to form Deheubarth in 909.

Ceredigion

  • Ceredig ap Cunedda (424–453)[8][9][10]
  • Usai (453–490)
  • Serwyl (490–525)
  • Boddw (525–560)
  • Arthfoddw (560–595)
  • Arthlwys (595–630)
  • Clydog I (630–665)

Dyfed

Seisyllwg

House Manaw

Deheubarth

Deheubarth was in the possession of the Normans from 1093 to 1155

From 1234 to 1283, Deheubarth was subject to the princes of Gwynedd

  • Rhys the Hoarse's son, Rhys Mechyll (1234–1244) ruled a portion of Deheubarth
  • his brother, Maredudd ap Rhys (1244–1271) ruled a portion of Deheubarth
  • his son, Rhys ap Maredudd (1271–1283) ruled a portion of Deheubarth

See also

References

  1. ^ Wade-Evans, Arthur. Welsh Medieval Law. Oxford Univ., 1909. Accessed 1 Feb 2013.
  2. ^ Bradley, A.G. Owen Glyndwr and the Last Struggle for Welsh Independence. G.P. Putnam's Sons (New York), 1901. Accessed 1 Feb 2013.
  3. ^ Jenkins, John. Poetry of Wales 2008-06-07 at the Wayback Machine. Houlston & Sons (London), 1873. Accessed 1 Feb 2013.
  4. ^ The orientation of Medieval maps and geographical thinking was towards the east. Facing east, north was thus on the "left-hand" side and south on the right.
  5. ^ Ellis, Thos. P. Welsh Tribal Law & Custom in the Middle Ages, Vol. I, iii, §3. 1926. Accessed 1 February 2013.
  6. ^ Wade-Evans, Arthur. Welsh Medieval Laws. Oxford Uni., 1909. Accessed 31 January 2013.
  7. ^ Williams, Jane. A History of Wales. Cambridge University Press, 2010. Accessed 1 February 2013.
  8. ^ a b c A history of Wales
  9. ^ The Cambrian
  10. ^ a b c Encyclopaedia of Wales
  11. ^ a b Lloyd, John Edward (1912). A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest. Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 257 and note. Retrieved 5 February 2012. Lloyd history of Wales.
  12. ^ Heritage Consulting. Millennium File [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2003.
  • The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2008 ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6

External links

Coordinates: 51°52′36″N 4°01′06″W / 51.8768°N 4.0184°W / 51.8768; -4.0184

January 29, 2023
deheubarth, welsh, pronunciation, dɛˈhəɨbarθ, right, hand, part, thus, south, regional, name, realms, south, wales, particularly, opposed, gwynedd, latin, venedotia, used, shorthand, various, realms, united, under, house, dinefwr, that, itself, considered, pro. Deheubarth Welsh pronunciation dɛˈheɨbar8 lit Right hand Part thus the South 4 was a regional name for the realms of south Wales particularly as opposed to Gwynedd Latin Venedotia It is now used as a shorthand for the various realms united under the House of Dinefwr but that Deheubarth itself was not considered a proper kingdom on the model of Gwynedd Powys or Dyfed 5 is shown by its rendering in Latin as dextralis pars or as Britonnes dexterales the Southern Britons and not as a named land 6 In the oldest British writers Deheubarth was used for all of modern Wales to distinguish it from Hen Ogledd Y Gogledd the northern lands whence Cunedda and the Cymry originated 7 Kingdom of DeheubarthTeyrnas Deheubarth920 1197Banner of the House of Dinefwr Coat of armsAnthem Unbennaeth Prydain The Monarchy of Britain 1 2 3 Medieval kingdoms of Wales CapitalDinefwrCommon languagesWelsh languageGovernmentMonarchy 920 950Hywel Dda 1081Rhys ap Tewdwr 1155 1197Rhys ap GruffyddHistorical eraMiddle Ages Established920 Disestablished1197Currencyceiniog cyfreith amp ceiniog cwtaPreceded by Succeeded bySeisyllwgKingdom of Dyfed Principality of WalesToday part ofUnited Kingdom Wales Contents 1 History 2 Religion 3 List of rulers 3 1 Ceredigion 3 2 Dyfed 3 3 Seisyllwg 3 4 Deheubarth 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksHistory EditSee also List of Welsh kings and House of Dinefwr Cantrefi of Deheubarth c 1160 Dinefwr Castle 1740 Deheubarth was united around 920 by Hywel Dda out of the territories of Seisyllwg and Dyfed which had come into his possession Later on the Kingdom of Brycheiniog was also added Caerleon was previously the principal court of the area but Hywel s dynasty fortified and built up a new base at Dinefwr near Llandeilo giving them their name After the high water mark set by Hywel Dinefwr was repeatedly overrun First by the Welsh of the north and east by Llywelyn ap Seisyll of Gwynedd in 1018 by Rhydderch ab Iestyn of Morgannwg in 1023 by Gruffydd ap Llywelyn of Gwynedd in 1041 and 1043 In 1075 Rhys ab Owain and the noblemen of Ystrad Tywi succeeded in treacherously killing their English backed overlord Bleddyn ap Cynfyn Although Rhys was quickly overrun by Gwynedd and Gwent his cousin Rhys ap Tewdwr through his marriage into Bleddyn s family and through battle reestablished his dynasty s hegemony over south Wales just in time for the second wave of conquest a prolonged Norman invasion under the Marcher Lords In 1093 Rhys was killed in unknown circumstances while resisting their expansion into Brycheiniog and his son Gruffydd was briefly thrown into exile Following the death of Henry I in 1136 Gruffydd formed an alliance with Gwynedd for the purpose of a revolt against Norman incursions He took part in Owain Gwynedd and Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd s victory over the English at Crug Mawr The newly liberated region of Ceredigion though was not returned to his family but annexed by Owain The long and capable rule of Gruffydd s son the Lord Rhys and the civil wars that followed Owain s death in Gwynedd briefly permitted the South to reassert the hegemony Hywel Dda had enjoyed two centuries before On his death in 1197 though Rhys redivided his kingdom among his several sons and none of them ever again rivalled his power By the time Llywelyn the Great won the wars in Gwynedd in the first half of the 12th century lords in Deheubarth merely appear among his clients Following the conquest of Wales by Edward I the South was divided into the historic counties of Cardiganshire Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire by the Statute of Rhuddlan Religion EditIn the arena of the church Sulien was the leader of the monastic community at Llanbadarn Fawr in Ceredigion Born ca 1030 he became Bishop of St David s in 1073 and again in 1079 80 Both of his sons followed him into the service of the church At this time the prohibition against the marriage of clerics was not yet established His sons produced a number of manuscripts and original Latin and vernacular poems They were very active in the ecclesiastical and political life of Deheubarth One son Rhygyfarch Latin Ricemarchus of Llanbadarn Fawr wrote the Life of Saint David and another Ieuan was a skilful scribe and illuminator He copied some the works of Augustine of Hippo and may have written the Life of St Padarn List of rulers EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed July 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message The kingdom of Deheubarth was formed by the union of the kingdoms of Ceredigion Seisyllwg and Dyfed Ceredigion was absorbed into Seisyllwg and Dyfed was merged with Seisyllwg to form Deheubarth in 909 Ceredigion Edit Ceredig ap Cunedda 424 453 8 9 10 Usai 453 490 Serwyl 490 525 Boddw 525 560 Arthfoddw 560 595 Arthlwys 595 630 Clydog I 630 665 Dyfed Edit Anwn Ddu Welsh rendering of Antonius the Black According to Welsh legend born in Greece and later appointed to the rule of Demetia Dyfed by Magnus Maximus Also known as Anwn Dynod rendering Antonius Donatus Realm included Gwent and Brycheiniog Ednyfed realm also included the Caer Went part of Gwent his brother received the remainder Clotri Triffyn Farfog Aergol Lawhir c 515 Vortiporius c 540 Arthur ap Pedr Cloten c 630 married Ceindrech of Brycheiniog uniting the two kingdoms of Dyfed and Brycheiniog Rhain ap Cadwgan c 690 740 also king of Brycheiniog On his death his kingdoms were divided again by his sons Tewdwr ap Rhain Maredudd ap Tewdws c 740 797 Rhain ap Maredudd c 797 808 Owain ap Maredudd c 808 810 Triffyn ap Rhain c 814 Hyfaidd Llywarch ap Hyfaidd c 893 904 Rhodri ap Hyfaidd c 904 905 Hywel Dda Hywel the Good c 905 909 an invader from Seisllywg who conquered Dyfed but later chronicles claim he acquired it by marrying Llywarch s daughter Seisyllwg Edit Seisyll ap Clydog prince of Ceredigion eponym and possibly founder of Seisyllwg 11 Arthen 807 11 Dyfnwallon 12 Meurig of Seisyllwg Gwgon of Seisyllwg c 870 871 House Manaw Angharad ferch Meurig 872 and Rhodri the Great 873 877 878 stewards 8 10 Cadell ap Rhodri second son of Anghared and Rhodri 872 909 8 Hywel Dda Hywel the Good 909 920 he ruled Seisyllwg in 920 and shortly thereafter merged it with Dyfed into DeheubarthDeheubarth Edit Hywel Dda Hywel the Good 920 950 10 His son Owain ap Hywel 950 986 Rhodri ap Hywel 950 953 and Edwin ap Hywel 950 954 Owain ap Hywel s son Maredudd ab Owain 986 999 Cynan ap Hywel prince of Gwynedd 999 1005 the sons of Einion ab Owain brother of Maredudd ab Owain who ruled jointly Edwin ab Einion 1005 1018 Cadell ab Einion 1005 1018 Llywelyn ap Seisyll prince of Gwynedd 1018 1023 Rhydderch ap Iestyn prince of Glywysing 1023 1033 Edwin ab Einion s son Hywel ab Edwin 1033 1044 Rhydderch ap Iestyn s son Gruffydd ap Rhydderch 1047 1055 Gruffydd ap Llywelyn invader and prince of Gwynedd 1055 1063 Edwin ab Einion s grandson Maredudd ab Owain ab Edwin 1063 1072 his brother Rhys ab Owain 1072 1078 his second cousin Rhys ap Tewdwr 1078 1093 Deheubarth was in the possession of the Normans from 1093 to 1155 Gruffydd ap Rhys 1116 1137 ruled a portion of Deheubarth with Norman permission his son Anarawd ap Gruffydd 1136 1143 his brother Cadell ap Gruffydd 1143 1151 his brother Maredudd ap Gruffydd 1151 1155 his brother The Lord Rhys Rhys ap Gruffydd 1155 1197 his son Gruffydd ap Rhys 1197 1201 who for a time ruled jointly with his brother Maelgwn ap Rhys 1199 1230 who disputed the territory with his brother Rhys the Hoarse Rhys Gryg 1216 1234 From 1234 to 1283 Deheubarth was subject to the princes of Gwynedd Rhys the Hoarse s son Rhys Mechyll 1234 1244 ruled a portion of Deheubarth his brother Maredudd ap Rhys 1244 1271 ruled a portion of Deheubarth his son Rhys ap Maredudd 1271 1283 ruled a portion of DeheubarthSee also EditGoronwy Foel House of Dinefwr List of Welsh kingsReferences Edit Wade Evans Arthur Welsh Medieval Law Oxford Univ 1909 Accessed 1 Feb 2013 Bradley A G Owen Glyndwr and the Last Struggle for Welsh Independence G P Putnam s Sons New York 1901 Accessed 1 Feb 2013 Jenkins John Poetry of Wales Archived 2008 06 07 at the Wayback Machine Houlston amp Sons London 1873 Accessed 1 Feb 2013 The orientation of Medieval maps and geographical thinking was towards the east Facing east north was thus on the left hand side and south on the right Ellis Thos P Welsh Tribal Law amp Custom in the Middle Ages Vol I iii 3 1926 Accessed 1 February 2013 Wade Evans Arthur Welsh Medieval Laws Oxford Uni 1909 Accessed 31 January 2013 Williams Jane A History of Wales Cambridge University Press 2010 Accessed 1 February 2013 a b c A history of Wales The Cambrian a b c Encyclopaedia of Wales a b Lloyd John Edward 1912 A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest Longmans Green and Co p 257 and note Retrieved 5 February 2012 Lloyd history of Wales Heritage Consulting Millennium File database on line Provo UT USA Ancestry com Operations Inc 2003 The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales Cardiff University of Wales Press 2008 ISBN 978 0 7083 1953 6External links EditCoordinates 51 52 36 N 4 01 06 W 51 8768 N 4 0184 W 51 8768 4 0184 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Deheubarth amp oldid 1132166389, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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