House of Normandy

The House of Normandy (Norman: Maison de Nouormandie [mɛ.zɔ̃ d̪e nɔʁ.mɛnde]) designates the noble family which originates from the Duchy of Normandy and whose members were dukes of Normandy, counts of Rouen, as well as kings of England following the Norman conquest of England. It lasted until Stephen of the French House of Blois seized the English throne and the Duchy of Normandy in 1135. The house emerged from the union between the Viking Rollo^[1] (first ruler of Normandy) and Poppa of Bayeux,^[2] a West Frankish noblewoman. William the Conqueror^[3] and his heirs down through 1135 were members of this dynasty while nearly every English monarch since William have been his descendant.

House of Normandy
Arms of the Duchy of Normandy^[nb 1]
Country	Duchy of Normandy Kingdom of England County of Flanders
Founded	911; 1117 years ago
Founder	Rollo
Final ruler	Henry I of England or Matilda (disputed)
Titles	Count of Rouen Duke of Normandy King of England Count of Flanders
Dissolution	1167 (1167)
Deposition	1135
Cadet branches	Illegitimate lines: House of Clare House of FitzWalter, Baron FitzWalter House of Devereux, Viscounts Hereford House of FitzRobert, Earls of Gloucester House of Dunstanville, Earls of Cornwall
The House of Normandy became extinct before the age of heraldry.

After that it was disputed between William's grandchildren, Matilda, whose husband Geoffrey^[4] was the founder of the House of Plantagenet, and Stephen of the House of Blois (or Blesevin dynasty).^[5]

The Norman counts of Rouen were:

• Rollo, 911–927
• William Longsword, 927–942

The Norman dukes of Normandy were:

• Richard I, 942–996 ^[6]
• Richard II, 996–1027 ^[7]
• Richard III, 1026–1027 ^[8]
• Robert I, 1027–1035 ^[9]
• William, 1035–1066 (became King of England as William the Conqueror)

The Norman monarchs of England and Normandy were:

• William the Conqueror, 1066–1087
• William II, 1087–1100 (not Duke of Normandy) ^[10]
• Robert II, 1087–1106 (not King of England) ^[11]
• Henry I, 1100–1135; 1106–1135 ^[12]
• William Adelin, 1120 (not King of England) ^[13]
• Matilda, 1135–1153^[14]
• Stephen (non-agnatic; a member of the House of Blois), 1135–1154 ^[15]

Norman Count of Flanders:

• William Clito (r. 1127–1128), son of Robert Curthose, great-grandson of Baldwin V, designated by Louis VI of France^[16]

Richard I had a daughter, Emma of Normandy, who was Queen Consort through her two marriages to Æthelred the Unready and Cnut the Great.

Family tree

Main article: English monarchs family tree

v t e  House of Normandy Family tree

Count of Rouen, 911 Rollo d. between 928 and 933 1st Norman count of Rouen r. 911–927 House of Normandy William "Longsword" c. 893–942 2nd Norman count of Rouen r. 927–942 Duke of Normandy, 942 Richard I "the Fearless" 932–996 1st Duke of Normandy r. 942–996 Richard II "the Good" d. 1026 2nd Duke of Normandy r. 996–1027 Robert Count of Évreux, Archbishop of Rouen Mauger c. 988–1032 m. Germain, Countess of Corbeil Geoffrey d. c. 1010 Count of Eu William I 978–after 1057 Count of Eu and Hiémois House of Clare Richard III 997/1001–1027 3rd Duke of Normandy r. 1026–1027 Robert I "the Magnificent" 1000–1035 4th Duke of Normandy r. 1027–1035 Richard c. 1015–1067 Count of Évreux Ralph de Gacé d. 1051 Lord of Gacé Illegitimate Nicolas of Normandy c. 1027–1092 Abbot of Saint Ouen William II (of Normandy) "the Conqueror" c. 1028–1087 5th Duke of Normandy r. 1035–1087, King of England as "William I" r. 1066–1087 William c. 1015–1067 Count of Évreux Robert II "Curthose" c. 1051–1134 6th Duke of Normandy r. 1087–1106 Richard c. 1054–1070 Adela c. 1067–1137 m. Stephen II, Count of Blois William II (of England) "Rufus" c. 1057–1100 King of England r. 1087–1100 Ducal Regent r. 1096–1100 Henry I "Beauclerc" c. 1068–1135 King of England r. 1100–1135, 7th Duke of Normandy r. 1106–1135 Illegitimate→ William Clito 1102–1128 Count of Flanders Ducal claimant Stephen 1092/1096–1154 King of England r. 1135–1154, 8th Duke of Normandy r. 1135–1144 Henry V 1081/1086–1125 King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor Matilda I c. 1102–1167 Lady of the English "Empress Matilda" Geoffrey Plantagenet 1113–1151 Count of Anjou, 9th Duke of Normandy r. 1144–1150 William III Adelin 1103–1120 Duke of Normandy 1120 in his father's lifetime Robert I c. 1090–1147 1st Earl of Gloucester Richard of Lincoln before 1101–1120 Reginald c. 1100–1175 1st Earl of Cornwall Robert FitzEdith 1093–1172 m. Matilda d'Avranches, Baroness of Okehampton Gilbert FitzRoy Henry FitzRoy c. 1100/1104–1158 Fulk FitzRoy c. 1092–1132 Monk at Abingdon? House of Blois House of Salians House of Plantagenet Illegitimate→ Henry II "Curtmantle" 1133–1189 10th Duke of Normandy r. 1150–1189 King of England r. 1154–1189 William FitzRobert 1116–1183 2nd Earl of Gloucester Roger of Worcester c. 1134–1179 Bishop of Worcester Richard d. 1142 Bishop of Bayeux Meiler Fitzhenry d. 1220 Lord Chief Justice of Ireland Henry "the Young King" 1155–1183 Duke of Normandy r. 1170–1183 in his father's lifetime Richard IV "Lionheart" 1157–1199 11th Duke of Normandy, King of England as "Richard I" r. 1189–1199 John "Lackland" 1166–1216 12th Duke of Normandy, King of England r. 1199–1216 Henry III 1207–1272 13th Duke of Normandy r. 1216–1259 King of England r. 1216–1272 Duchy of Normandy renounced at Treaty of Paris, 1259

Agnatic descendants of Rollo:

• Rollo, d. ~927, Count of Rouen 911-927
  • William Longsword, 893-942, Count of Rouen 927-942
    • Richard I of Normandy the Fearless, 932-996, Count of Rouen 942-996
      • Richard II, Duke of Normandy, the Good, d. 1026, Duke of Normandy 996-1026
        • Richard III, Duke of Normandy, 998-1027, Duke of Normandy 1026-1027
          • Nicolas of Normandy (illegitimate), 1027-1092, Abbot of Saint-Ouen 1042-1092
        • Robert I, Duke of Normandy, the Magnificent, 1000-1035, Duke of Normandy 1027-1035
          • William the Conqueror (illegitimate but succeeded as duke), 1028-1087, Duke of Normandy 1035-1087, King of England 1066-1087
            • Robert Curthose, 1051-1134, Duke of Normandy 1087-1106
              • William Clito, 1102-1128, Count of Flanders 1127-1128
            • Richard of Normandy, 1054-1070
            • William II of England, King of England 1087-1100
            • Henry I of England, King of England 1100-1135, Duke of Normandy 1106-1135
              • William Adelin, 1103-1120
              • various illegitimate children
        • William of Normandy, 1008-1025
        • Mauger, 1019-1055, Archbishop of Rouen 1037-1053
        • William of Talou, d. 1086, Count of Arques
      • Robert II, Archbishop of Rouen 989-1037, Count of Évreux 989-1037, Regent of Normandy 1035-1037
        • Richard, Count of Évreux, 1015-1067, Count of Évreux 1037-1067
          • William, Count of Évreux, Count of Évreux 1067-1118
        • Ralph de Gacé, the Ass-Headed, d. 1051
          • Robert de Gacé
        • William d'Évreux
        • Hugh De Lacy^{[citation needed]}
          • multiple children
      • Mauger, Count of Corbeil, 988-1032
      • Geoffrey, Count of Eu (illegitimate), d. 1010, Count of Eu 996-1010
        • descendants
      • William I, Count of Eu (illegitimate), d. 1057, Count of Eu 1040-1057
        • descendants

References and notes

1. "Norman | people | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
2. "Poppa". fasg.org. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
3. Ciara.Berry (12 January 2016). "Royal Archives". The Royal Family. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
4. "Queen Matilda, Empress Maud and the Civil War with King Stephen". Historic UK. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
5. "Your guide to the Anarchy, the bloody battle between Stephen and Matilda". HistoryExtra. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
6. McNair, Fraser (2015). "The politics of being Norman in the reign of Richard the Fearless, Duke of Normandy (r. 942–996)". Early Medieval Europe. 23 (3): 308–328. doi:10.1111/emed.12106. ISSN 1468-0254. S2CID 153508365.
7. "Richard II | duke of Normandy | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
8. "Richard III | duke of Normandy | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
9. "Collections Online | British Museum". www.britishmuseum.org. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
10. Ciara.Berry (12 January 2016). "William II (Known as William Rufus) (r. 1087–1100)". The Royal Family. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
11. "Collections Online | British Museum". www.britishmuseum.org. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
12. Ciara.Berry (12 January 2016). "Henry I 'Beauclerc' (r. 1100–1135)". The Royal Family. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
13. "The lost prince whose death tipped England towards civil war". Royal Central. 25 November 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
14. Matilda's inheritance was usurped by her cousin Stephen of England in 1135. She recovered Normandy, but ruled in England only in 1141 as Lady of the English. However, Matilda maintained her dynastic rights until she abdicated them in favour of her son Henry II of England in 1153 following the Treaty of Wallingford.
15. "BBC – History – King Stephen". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
16. "William Clito | count of Flanders | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 7 December 2021.

Royal House House of Normandy
New title	Ruling House of the Duchy of Normandy 911–1135	Succeeded by House of Blois
Preceded by House of Godwin	Ruling House of the Kingdom of England 1066–1135
Preceded by House of Estridsen	Ruling House of the County of Flanders 1127–1128	Succeeded by House of Alsace
New title	Ruling House of the County of Eu 996–1246	Succeeded by House of Lusignan