Li Chongrun (Chinese: 李重潤; pinyin: Lǐ Chóngrùn; 682 – October 8, 701[1]), né Li Chongzhao (Chinese: 李重照; pinyin: Lǐ Chóngzhào), formally Crown Prince Yide (Chinese: 懿德太子; pinyin: Yìdé Tàizǐ ), was an imperial prince of the Tang dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou dynasty. He was the only son of Emperor Zhongzong (Li Zhe/Li Xian) and Emperor Zhongzong's second wife Empress Wei. In 701, he offended his grandmother Wu Zetian by discussing Wu Zetian's lovers Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong with his sister Li Xianhui the Lady Yongtai and her husband Wu Yanji (武延基) the Prince of Wei, and he, along with Li Xianhui and Wu Yanji, were forced to commit suicide.[2][3] He was posthumously honored as crown prince after his father Emperor Zhongzong was restored to the throne in 705 and in 706, Emperor Zhongzong provided Li Chongrun with an honorable burial by interring his remains at the Qianling Mausoleum.
Li Chongrun, then named Li Chongzhao, was born in 682, to then-Crown Prince Li Zhe and Li Zhe's wife Crown Princess Wei.[4] Shortly after Li Chongzhao's birth, Li Zhe's father and mother Emperor Gaozong and Empress Wu created Li Chongzhao the unprecedented title of Deputy Crown Prince (皇太孫, Huang Taisun)[5] and gave him a staff. When Emperor Gaozong became ill at the eastern capital Luoyang late in 683, Emperor Gaozong and Empress Wu summoned Li Zhe to Luoyang and left the capital Chang'an, where Li Zhe was previously in charge, nominally under Li Chongzhao, but with the chancellorLiu Rengui actually in charge.[6] Later that year, Emperor Gaozong died, and Li Zhe succeeded him (as Emperor Zhongzong), although Li Zhe's mother Empress Wu still had all actual power, as empress dowager.
In spring 684, after Emperor Zhongzong showed signs of independence, Empress Dowager Wu deposed him and reduced him to the title of Prince of Lulin, replacing him with Li Chongzhao's uncle Li Dan the Prince of Yu (as Emperor Ruizong). Shortly thereafter, Li Chongzhao was reduced to commoner rank. It is not completely clear, but he appeared to have been exiled with his parents to Jun Prefecture (均州, in modern Shiyan, Hubei). It might have been around that time that he was renamed to Li Chongrun, to observe naming taboo of Empress Dowager Wu's personal name.
Meanwhile, in 690, Li Chongrun's grandmother Empress Dowager Wu forced his uncle Emperor Ruizong to yield the throne to her, interrupting Tang dynasty and establishing her own Zhou dynasty with her as "emperor" (thereafter known as Wu Zetian). In 698, under the advice of the chancellor Di Renjie, she recalled Li Zhe to Luoyang, which had been made capital. Soon thereafter, Li Dan, who had been made crown prince when he yielded the throne, offered to yield the position of crown prince to Li Zhe. Wu Zetian agreed, and created Li Zhe crown prince, changing his personal name to Xian and further changing his surname to Wu. She created Li Chongrun the Prince of Shao.
As of 701, in her old age, Wu Zetian had allowed her lovers Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong to handle much of the affairs of state. Li Chongrun was not pleased with this state of affairs, and had discussed the issue with his sister Li Xianhui the Lady Yongtai and her husband Wu Yanji the Prince of Wei (Wu Zetian's grandnephew). This discussion was somehow leaked,[7] and Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong complained to Wu Zetian. In anger, she ordered that the three of them be forced to commit suicide (or, possibly, be caned to death).
It was said that Li Chongrun was handsome, filially pious, and caring for his siblings, and that his death was much mourned by the people. In 705, after Emperor Zhongzong was restored to the throne after a coup, he ordered that Li Chongrun and Li Xianhui be reburied with honors usually only due emperors, near the tomb of Emperor Gaozong. He also posthumously honored Li Chongrun as Crown Prince Yide and Li Xianhui as Princess Yongtai. He had the deceased daughter of the official Pei Cui (裴粹) be posthumously married to Li Chongrun and had her buried with Li Chongrun.
^The Zizhi Tongjian asserted that Li Chongrun was forced to commit suicide, but the Old Book of Tang and the New Book of Tang asserted in his biographies that he was caned to death on Wu Zetian's orders. Compare Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 207, with Old Book of Tang, vol. 86 . Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2007-09-20. and New Book of Tang, vol. 81.. Archived from the original on 2008-02-19. Retrieved 2008-03-17. The Old Book of Tang, meanwhile, inconsistently asserted in the chronicles of Wu Zetian's reign that he was forced to commit suicide. See Old Book of Tang, vol. 6.. Archived from the original on 2007-12-25. Retrieved 2007-11-26. The chronicles of Wu Zetian's reign in the New Book of Tang merely stated that the three of them "were killed." See New Book of Tang, vol. 4.. Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2007-11-26.
^However, some modern historians, based on the text on Li Xianhui's tombstone (written after Emperor Zhongzong was restored to the throne in 705), which suggested that she died the day after her brother and her husband and that she was pregnant at death, and the fact that the skeleton believed to be hers had a small pelvis, have proposed the theory that she was not ordered to commit suicide, but had, in grief over her brother's and husband's deaths, had either a miscarriage or a difficult birth and died from that. See, e.g., illustrations preceding the Bo Yang Edition of the Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 49. It may be notable that the Chinese Wikipedia article for Li Xianhui gave the text for her tombstone, but did not give a citation corroborating the text in the article, although on the Web the text appeared to be generally accepted as true — including by Chinese government Web sites. See, e.g., Shaanxi government site.
^It is unclear whether he was Li Zhe's first son, as asserted by Old Book of Tang, vol. 86, as his brother Li Chongfu, described as the second son, was said to have died at age 30 when he was killed in 710 -- which would make his birth date 680, two years before Li Chongzhao's. The New Book of Tang avoid the issue by not giving birth ordinals to either Li Chongzhao or Li Chongfu. See New Book of Tang, vol. 81.
^The title of Huang Taisun had been used before for the crown prince during the reigns of Emperor Hui of Jin and Emperor Wu of Southern Qi, but had never been used for a son of a crown prince. See response by official Wang Fangqing to Emperor Gaozong's inquiry in Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 203.
^The Zizhi Tongjian indicated that the son of Li Zhe left nominally in charge of Chang'an was Li Chongfu the Prince of Tangchang. See Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 203. However, both the Old Book of Tang and the New Book of Tang indicated that it was Li Chongzhao who was left in charge, and as Li Chongzhao's position was higher than Li Chongfu's, as he had the title of deputy crown prince, it appeared more likely that Li Chongzhao was in charge. See Old Book of Tang, vol. 84,. Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2007-09-20. and New Book of Tang, vol. 180.. Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2007-10-11. The Old Book of Tang did, elsewhere, indicate that Li Chongfu, not Li Chongzhao, was nominally in charge. See Old Book of Tang, vol. 5.. Archived from the original on 2007-12-25. Retrieved 2007-11-26.
^Li Chongrun's mother Empress Wei would later accuse his brother Li Chongfu of leaking the information, although there appears to be no particular evidence Li Chongfu did so, and in the Zizhi Tongjian, it was asserted that her accusation against Li Chongfu was false. See Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 208.
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In this Chinese name the family name is Li Li Chongrun Chinese 李重潤 pinyin Lǐ Chongrun 682 October 8 701 1 ne Li Chongzhao Chinese 李重照 pinyin Lǐ Chongzhao formally Crown Prince Yide Chinese 懿德太子 pinyin Yide Taizǐ was an imperial prince of the Tang dynasty and Wu Zetian s Zhou dynasty He was the only son of Emperor Zhongzong Li Zhe Li Xian and Emperor Zhongzong s second wife Empress Wei In 701 he offended his grandmother Wu Zetian by discussing Wu Zetian s lovers Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong with his sister Li Xianhui the Lady Yongtai and her husband Wu Yanji 武延基 the Prince of Wei and he along with Li Xianhui and Wu Yanji were forced to commit suicide 2 3 He was posthumously honored as crown prince after his father Emperor Zhongzong was restored to the throne in 705 and in 706 Emperor Zhongzong provided Li Chongrun with an honorable burial by interring his remains at the Qianling Mausoleum Li ChongrunCrown Prince YideImperial Grandson 皇太孫Reign682 683Born682Died8 October 701 aged 19 SpouseLady Pei posthumously married NamesBirth name Li Chongzhao 李重照Posthumous nameCrown Prince Yide 懿德太子FatherEmperor Zhongzong of TangMotherEmpress Wei Contents 1 During Emperor Gaozong s reign and Emperors Zhongzong and Ruizong s first reigns 2 During Wu Zetian s reign 3 Ancestry 4 Notes and referencesDuring Emperor Gaozong s reign and Emperors Zhongzong and Ruizong s first reigns edit nbsp A sancai ceramic horse figurine from the tomb of Li Chongrun now on display in the Shaanxi History MuseumLi Chongrun then named Li Chongzhao was born in 682 to then Crown Prince Li Zhe and Li Zhe s wife Crown Princess Wei 4 Shortly after Li Chongzhao s birth Li Zhe s father and mother Emperor Gaozong and Empress Wu created Li Chongzhao the unprecedented title of Deputy Crown Prince 皇太孫 Huang Taisun 5 and gave him a staff When Emperor Gaozong became ill at the eastern capital Luoyang late in 683 Emperor Gaozong and Empress Wu summoned Li Zhe to Luoyang and left the capital Chang an where Li Zhe was previously in charge nominally under Li Chongzhao but with the chancellor Liu Rengui actually in charge 6 Later that year Emperor Gaozong died and Li Zhe succeeded him as Emperor Zhongzong although Li Zhe s mother Empress Wu still had all actual power as empress dowager In spring 684 after Emperor Zhongzong showed signs of independence Empress Dowager Wu deposed him and reduced him to the title of Prince of Lulin replacing him with Li Chongzhao s uncle Li Dan the Prince of Yu as Emperor Ruizong Shortly thereafter Li Chongzhao was reduced to commoner rank It is not completely clear but he appeared to have been exiled with his parents to Jun Prefecture 均州 in modern Shiyan Hubei It might have been around that time that he was renamed to Li Chongrun to observe naming taboo of Empress Dowager Wu s personal name During Wu Zetian s reign edit nbsp Que towers along the walls of Tang era Chang an 8th century mural from Li Chongrun s tomb at the Qianling Mausoleum in ShaanxiMeanwhile in 690 Li Chongrun s grandmother Empress Dowager Wu forced his uncle Emperor Ruizong to yield the throne to her interrupting Tang dynasty and establishing her own Zhou dynasty with her as emperor thereafter known as Wu Zetian In 698 under the advice of the chancellor Di Renjie she recalled Li Zhe to Luoyang which had been made capital Soon thereafter Li Dan who had been made crown prince when he yielded the throne offered to yield the position of crown prince to Li Zhe Wu Zetian agreed and created Li Zhe crown prince changing his personal name to Xian and further changing his surname to Wu She created Li Chongrun the Prince of Shao As of 701 in her old age Wu Zetian had allowed her lovers Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong to handle much of the affairs of state Li Chongrun was not pleased with this state of affairs and had discussed the issue with his sister Li Xianhui the Lady Yongtai and her husband Wu Yanji the Prince of Wei Wu Zetian s grandnephew This discussion was somehow leaked 7 and Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong complained to Wu Zetian In anger she ordered that the three of them be forced to commit suicide or possibly be caned to death It was said that Li Chongrun was handsome filially pious and caring for his siblings and that his death was much mourned by the people In 705 after Emperor Zhongzong was restored to the throne after a coup he ordered that Li Chongrun and Li Xianhui be reburied with honors usually only due emperors near the tomb of Emperor Gaozong He also posthumously honored Li Chongrun as Crown Prince Yide and Li Xianhui as Princess Yongtai He had the deceased daughter of the official Pei Cui 裴粹 be posthumously married to Li Chongrun and had her buried with Li Chongrun Ancestry editAncestors of Prince Yide16 Emperor Gaozu of Tang8 Emperor Taizong of Tang17 Duchess Dou4 Emperor Gaozong of Tang18 Zhangsun Sheng9 Empress Zhangsun19 Lady Gao2 Emperor Zhongzong of Tang20 Wu Hua10 Wu Shihuo Duke Ding of Ying21 Lady Zhao5 Empress Wu Zetian22 Yang Da11 Lady Yang1 Li Chongrun Crown Prince Yide12 Wei Hongbiao6 Wei Xuanzhen3 Empress Wei7 Lady CuiNotes and references edit 兩千年中西曆轉換 The Zizhi Tongjian asserted that Li Chongrun was forced to commit suicide but the Old Book of Tang and the New Book of Tang asserted in his biographies that he was caned to death on Wu Zetian s orders Compare Zizhi Tongjian vol 207 with Old Book of Tang vol 86 舊唐書 列傳 卷三一至四十 Archived from the original on 2007 10 11 Retrieved 2007 09 20 and New Book of Tang vol 81 唐書 列傳 第一至十 Archived from the original on 2008 02 19 Retrieved 2008 03 17 The Old Book of Tang meanwhile inconsistently asserted in the chronicles of Wu Zetian s reign that he was forced to commit suicide See Old Book of Tang vol 6 舊唐書 本紀 卷一至十三 Archived from the original on 2007 12 25 Retrieved 2007 11 26 The chronicles of Wu Zetian s reign in the New Book of Tang merely stated that the three of them were killed See New Book of Tang vol 4 唐書 本紀 第一至十 Archived from the original on 2007 10 11 Retrieved 2007 11 26 However some modern historians based on the text on Li Xianhui s tombstone written after Emperor Zhongzong was restored to the throne in 705 which suggested that she died the day after her brother and her husband and that she was pregnant at death and the fact that the skeleton believed to be hers had a small pelvis have proposed the theory that she was not ordered to commit suicide but had in grief over her brother s and husband s deaths had either a miscarriage or a difficult birth and died from that See e g illustrations preceding the Bo Yang Edition of the Zizhi Tongjian vol 49 It may be notable that the Chinese Wikipedia article for Li Xianhui gave the text for her tombstone but did not give a citation corroborating the text in the article although on the Web the text appeared to be generally accepted as true including by Chinese government Web sites See e g Shaanxi government site It is unclear whether he was Li Zhe s first son as asserted by Old Book of Tang vol 86 as his brother Li Chongfu described as the second son was said to have died at age 30 when he was killed in 710 which would make his birth date 680 two years before Li Chongzhao s The New Book of Tang avoid the issue by not giving birth ordinals to either Li Chongzhao or Li Chongfu See New Book of Tang vol 81 The title of Huang Taisun had been used before for the crown prince during the reigns of Emperor Hui of Jin and Emperor Wu of Southern Qi but had never been used for a son of a crown prince See response by official Wang Fangqing to Emperor Gaozong s inquiry in Zizhi Tongjian vol 203 The Zizhi Tongjian indicated that the son of Li Zhe left nominally in charge of Chang an was Li Chongfu the Prince of Tangchang See Zizhi Tongjian vol 203 However both the Old Book of Tang and the New Book of Tang indicated that it was Li Chongzhao who was left in charge and as Li Chongzhao s position was higher than Li Chongfu s as he had the title of deputy crown prince it appeared more likely that Li Chongzhao was in charge See Old Book of Tang vol 84 舊唐書 列傳 卷三一至四十 Archived from the original on 2007 10 11 Retrieved 2007 09 20 and New Book of Tang vol 180 唐書 列傳 第二六至四十 Archived from the original on 2007 10 11 Retrieved 2007 10 11 The Old Book of Tang did elsewhere indicate that Li Chongfu not Li Chongzhao was nominally in charge See Old Book of Tang vol 5 舊唐書 本紀 卷一至十三 Archived from the original on 2007 12 25 Retrieved 2007 11 26 Li Chongrun s mother Empress Wei would later accuse his brother Li Chongfu of leaking the information although there appears to be no particular evidence Li Chongfu did so and in the Zizhi Tongjian it was asserted that her accusation against Li Chongfu was false See Zizhi Tongjian vol 208 Old Book of Tang vol 86 1 New Book of Tang vol 81 2 Zizhi Tongjian vols 203 207 208 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Prince Yide amp oldid 1196854746, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
