President of Moldova
The President of the Republic of Moldova (Romanian: Președintele Republicii Moldova) is the head of state of Moldova. The current president is Maia Sandu, who assumed office on 24 December 2020.
| President of the Republic of Moldova | |
|---|---|
| Președintele Republicii Moldova | |
| Executive branch of the Government of Moldova Office of the President of Moldova | |
| Style | Madam President (informal) Her Excellency (diplomatic) |
| Type | Head of state |
| Member of | Supreme Security Council |
| Residence | Presidential Palace |
| Seat | Chișinău |
| Appointer | Popular vote |
| Term length | Four years, renewable once |
| Constituting instrument | Constitution of Moldova |
| Inaugural holder | Mircea Snegur |
| Formation | 3 September 1990 |
| Deputy | President of the Moldovan Parliament |
| Salary | 12,960 lei monthly[1] |
| Website | presedinte.md |
Duties and functions
The office of the presidency in Moldova is largely ceremonial, with most of the formal political power exercised by parliament and the prime minister.[2][3] However, because the president represents Moldova internationally, they have sway over the country's relationships with other countries. In addition, the president can influence public policy by using their high profile to initiate and participate in public discourse.[4]
A collection of organizational bodies collectively known as the Presidential Administration, whose members are appointed by the president, serves as the communication service between the government and the presidency. One office of the Administration, the Supreme Security Council, advises the president on foreign policy.[5]
Election
The president is elected in a two-round direct election, with a runoff taking place between the top two finishers if no candidate receives a majority in the first round. This system was put in place when the constitution of Moldova was adopted in 1994.
In 2000, the Constitution was amended changing the process to an indirect election by the Parliament of Moldova, with a supermajority of 61 votes required. On March 4, 2016, the Constitutional Court ruled that the amendment was unconstitutional[6] and Moldova consequently returned to electing the president via popular vote.
One presidential term lasts for four years; presidents are limited to two terms. Before the 2000 amendments, the presidential term lasted for five years.
Constitutional position
According to the Article 77 of the Constitution of Moldova (1994), the president of Moldova is the head of the state and represents the state and is the guarantor of national sovereignty, independence, and the unity and territorial integrity of the nation.
Acting president
The acting president of Moldova (Romanian: Președinte interimar al Republicii Moldova) is a person who fulfils the duties of the president of Moldova when cases of incapacity and vacancy occur. It is a temporary post provided by the Constitution of Moldova.
According to Article 91 of the Constitution of Moldova (1994):
When the office of the President of the Republic of Moldova becomes vacant or the President has been suspended from office, or finds himself in the temporary impossibility of discharging his duties, the responsibility of the office shall devolve ad interim on the President of Parliament or the Prime Minister, in that priority order.
Suspension from office
According to Article 89 of the Constitution of Moldova (1994):
- (1) In the event where the president of the Republic of Moldova commits grave offenses infringing upon constitutional provisions, he or she may be suspended from office by Parliament if two-thirds of the members cast their vote in support of suspension.
- (2) The motion requesting the suspension from office must be initiated by at least one third of the members, and it must be brought to the knowledge of the President without delay. The President may give explanations on the actions for which he or she is being censured before parliament.
- (3) If the motion requesting suspension from office meets with approval, a national referendum shall be organized within 30 days for removing the President from office.
Vacancy
According to Article 90 of the Constitution of Moldova (1994):
- (1) The office of the President of the Republic of Moldova may become vacant in consequence of expiry of the presidential mandate, resignation from office, removal from office, definite impossibility of executing his duties, or death.
- (2) The request to remove the President of the Republic of Moldova from office will be brought forward in Parliament, which will pass a decision on that request.
- (3) Within 3 months from the date when the presidential office was announced as vacant elections for a new president will be held in accordance with the law.
Standard
The presidential standard (Romanian: Stindardul Preşedintelui) consists of the Coat of Arms of Moldova in front of a purple background and a border composed of squares of 1/9 in the national colors of the republic. The regulations of the Standard of the President is approved by the decree of the President with the opinion of the National Heraldic Commission. The original of the Standard of the President is handed over to the President at the inauguration ceremony and is kept in their office. Duplicates and copies of the standard are displayed at the Presidential Palace or at other presidential residences while they are on these premises.[7]
Band and music
The official march of the presidency is the Marș de Întîmpinare «La Mulți ani» (Slow March «To many years»), which is used during the arrival of the president at special occasions, similarly to Hail to the Chief for the President of the United States.[8] The Presidential Band of the Republic of Moldova is the main military band of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Moldova and specifically serves the president during all functions of state. The band performs at welcome ceremonies of foreign officials on state visits, military parades, and the accreditation of ambassadors.[9][10]
Office of the President
- Andrei Spînu – Secretary General
- Sergiu Cotorobai – Deputy Secretary General
- Ecaterina Casinge – Chief of Staff
- Veaceslav Negruța – Economic Advisor
- Cristina Gherasimov – Foreign Policy and European Integration Advisor
- Stella Jantuan – Advisor on Political Issues, Relations with Public Authorities and CIvil Society
- Iuliana Cantaragiu – Environmental Protection and Climate Change Advisor
- Veronica Bradăuțanu – Judicial Advisor
- Valentina Chicu – Education and Research Advisor
- Angela Brașoveanu Erizanu – Culture Advisor
- Elena Druță – Diaspora Relations Advisor
- Irina Gotișan-Sotnic – Press Secretary and Public Communication Advisor
List of presidents of Moldova
Moldavian Democratic Republic (1917–1918)
- Party
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Took office | Left office | Political party |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ion Inculeț (1884–1940) | December 15 [O.S. December 2] 1917 | April 9 [O.S. March 27] 1918 | Bessarabian Peasants' Party |
Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1991)
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
First secretaries of the Moldavian Communist Party
- Piotr Borodin (2 August 1940 – 11 February 1942) (in exile in Russian SFSR from June 1941)
- Nikita Salogor (13 February 1942 – 5 January 1946) (in exile in Russian SFSR until August 1944) (acting)
- Nicolae Coval (5 January 1946 – 26 July 1950)
- Leonid Brezhnev (26 July 1950 – 25 October 1952)
- Dimitri Gladki (25 October 1952 – 8 February 1954)
- Zinovie Serdiuk (8 February 1954 – 29 May 1961)
- Ivan Bodiul (29 May 1961 – 22 December 1980)
- Semion Grossu (22 December 1980 – 16 December 1989)
- Petru Lucinschi (16 November 1989 – 5 February 1991)
- Grigore Eremei (5 February – 23 August 1991)
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
- Party
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Took office | Left office | Political party |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mircea Snegur (born 1940) | 27 April 1990 | 3 September 1990 | Communist Party of Moldova |
Republic of Moldova (1991–present)
- Parties
PDAM PCRM PL PLDM PDM PSRM PAS Independent
- Status
| # | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Office term | Cabinets | Election | Prior office | Political party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mircea Snegur (born 1940) | 3 September 1990 | 15 January 1997 | Druc (1990–91) | 1991 | Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian SSR | Independent | |
| 6 years, 134 days (Lost re-election campaign) | Muravschi (1991–92) | |||||||
| Sangheli I (1992–94) | ||||||||
| Sangheli II (1994–97) | ||||||||
| 2 | Petru Lucinschi (born 1940) | 15 January 1997 | 7 April 2001 | Ciubuc I (1997–98) | 1996 | President of the Parliament | Democratic Agrarian Party | |
| 4 years, 82 days (Opted out of second term in office) | Ciubuc II (1998–99) | |||||||
| Sturza (1999) | ||||||||
| Braghiș (1999–2001) | ||||||||
| 3 | Vladimir Voronin (born 1941) | 7 April 2001 | 11 September 2009 | Tarlev I (2001–05) | 2001 (indirect) 2005 (indirect) | Minister of Internal Affairs of the Moldavian SSR | Party of Communists | |
| 8 years, 157 days (Resigned) | Tarlev II (2005–08) | |||||||
| Greceanîi I (2008–09) | ||||||||
| Greceanîi II (2009) | ||||||||
| – | Mihai Ghimpu (born 1951) Acting | 11 September 2009 | 28 December 2010 | Filat I (2009–11) | — | President of the Parliament | Liberal Party (Alliance for European Integration) | |
| – | Vlad Filat (born 1969) Acting | 28 December 2010 | 30 December 2010 | — | Prime Minister of Moldova | Liberal Democratic Party (Alliance for European Integration) | ||
| – | Marian Lupu (born 1966) Acting | 30 December 2010 | 23 March 2012 | Filat II (2011–13) | — | President of the Parliament | Democratic Party (Alliance for European Integration) | |
| 4 | Nicolae Timofti (born 1948) | 23 March 2012 | 23 December 2016 | Filat II (2011–13) | 2011–12 (indirect) | Chairman of the Supreme Magistrate Council | Independent (Alliance for European Integration) | |
| Leancă (2013–15) | ||||||||
| 4 years, 275 days (Opted out of second term in office) | Gaburici (2015) | |||||||
| Streleț (2015) | ||||||||
| Filip (2016–19) | ||||||||
| 5 | Igor Dodon (born 1975) | 23 December 2016 | 24 December 2020 | 2016 | First Deputy Prime Minister; Minister of Economy and Trade | Party of Socialists | ||
| 4 years, 1 day (Lost re-election campaign) | Sandu (2019) | |||||||
| Chicu (2019–20) | ||||||||
| 6 | Maia Sandu (born 1972) | 24 December 2020 | Incumbent | 2020 | Prime Minister of Moldova | Party of Action and Solidarity | ||
| 2 years, 128 days | Gavrilița (2021–) | |||||||
Residence
The Presidential Palace is located in the Buiucani sector of Chișinău. It was constructed between 1984 and 1987 to the design of architects A. Zalțman and V. Iavorski. The distinctive building was originally the meeting place of the Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian SSR.
See also
References
- ^ Maxim, Pulber (20 March 2017). "Salariu de președinte: Cât primește Dodon de la stat – - Independent". Independent.md.
- ^ "Moldova elects pro-Russian Igor Dodon as president". POLITICO. 2016-11-14. Retrieved 2020-11-20.
- ^ "Maia Sandu, a reformist ex-prime minister, becomes president". The Economist. 2020-11-19. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2020-11-20.
- ^ Ivan, Paul (2016). "What to expect from the new president of Moldova" (PDF). Archive of European Integration (University of Pittsburgh). Retrieved November 20, 2020.
- ^ Аппарат президента — Президентура Республики Молдова 2014-11-29 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "DECIS: Şeful statului va fi ales de popor; Modificarea din 2000 a Constituţiei privind alegerea preşedintelui de Parlament, NECONSTITUŢIONALĂ". Jurnal.md (in Romanian). 4 March 2016.
- ^ "Însemnele vexilare derivate din drapelul de Stat".
- ^ http://m.moldovenii.md/en/people/537/play-audio/id/4219[bare URL]
- ^ "accompanies welcome ceremonies of foreign officials and delegations, participates at the accreditation ceremonies of ambassadors, military parades and other solemn events. The band performs within festivals, charity concerts, inauguration of monuments, military exercises, saluting, ceremonies on laying wreaths at monuments and tombs of the fallen soldiers".
- ^ Moldovenii.md. "Orchestre – Orchestra Prezidențială a Republicii Moldova". m.moldovenii.md. Retrieved 2017-11-11.
External links
- Official website of the President of Moldova
- Official Youtube website of the President of Moldova