Pre-nominal academic degrees in German-speaking countries include: Dipl.-Ing. (Master's degree in engineering), Dipl.-Kfm. (master's degree in management), Dipl.-Phys. (master's degree in physics), Dipl.-Inf. or Dipl.-Inform. (master's degree in computer science), Dr.-Ing. (German doctorate in engineering), Dr. med. (German doctorate in Medicine) and Mag. (Austrian master's degree (Magister) in all disciplines except engineering).
Pursuant to the Bologna process, most of these pre-nominal degrees will be replaced by post-nominal bachelor's and master's degrees; but people who held academic degrees before the Bologna process may continue to use the pre-nominal academic degrees. In contexts where pre-nominal academic letters are used, such degrees may be placed prenominally for consistency (for example, "MMathPhil Marcos Cramer").[2]
In Czech Republic, all academic degrees are widely used before the name: Bc. – for Bachelor, Mgr. – for Master, Ing. – for Engineer, "lesser" doctors such as MUDr. (doctor of medicine), MDDr. (dentist doctor), JUDr. (doctor of Law), RNDr. (doctor of Natural Sciences), PhDr. (doctor of Philosophy), ThDr. (doctor of Theology). Before them appeare titles given to university teachers (prof. for Professor and doc. for "docent" = Associated Professor). These degrees could be combined, with the highest degree appearing first, e. g. prof. JUDr. Ing. Bc. The titles of the same rank are separated by "et", e. g. Mgr. et Mgr.[3][4] Army titles include gen. for General, plk. for Colonel; Church titles include P. (pater) and R.D. (Reverendissimus Dominus).
In Finland, abbreviated academic titles can appear before or after the name (for example, FM Matti Meikäläinen or Matti Meikäläinen, FM). In the United States a person may at their discretion use "Dr." as a pre-nominal or their doctoral degree's initials as a post-nominal, but rarely at the same time. It would also be very unusual to see a professional license (such as for an engineer) used as a pre-nominal in any form.
In Portugal and the other Portuguese-speaking countries, it is usual for a person with a university degree to be generally referred by the abbreviated pre-nominal title dr. (doutor), independently of the real degree that he or she holds. The main exceptions to this are the holders of degrees in engineering and architecture, who are referred respectively by the pre-nominal abbreviated titles eng. (engenheiro) and arq. (arquiteto).
^Shenoy, Jaideep (28 January 2006). "Chartered accountants allowed CA prefix". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
^"Members of the Bonn Mathematical Logic Group". Retrieved 11 September 2021.
^"Experts Examined - Sir Richard Peto". BBC News. 13 June 2005. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
October 22, 2023
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Not to be confused with Post nominal letters Prenominal redirects here For pronominal see Pronoun This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Pre nominal letters news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message Pre nominal letters are a title which is placed before the name of a person as distinct from a post nominal title which is placed after the name Examples of pre nominal titles for instance professional titles include Doctor Captain EUR ING European Engineer Ir Ingenieur Mons monsignore CA Indian Chartered Accountant 1 and Professor whilst other common social titles are Mr Master The Honorable Ms Mrs and Miss Contents 1 Academic degrees 2 Order of titles 3 See also 4 ReferencesAcademic degrees EditIn some Continental European countries all academic degrees were traditionally pre nominal Pre nominal academic degrees in German speaking countries include Dipl Ing Master s degree in engineering Dipl Kfm master s degree in management Dipl Phys master s degree in physics Dipl Inf or Dipl Inform master s degree in computer science Dr Ing German doctorate in engineering Dr med German doctorate in Medicine and Mag Austrian master s degree Magister in all disciplines except engineering Pursuant to the Bologna process most of these pre nominal degrees will be replaced by post nominal bachelor s and master s degrees but people who held academic degrees before the Bologna process may continue to use the pre nominal academic degrees In contexts where pre nominal academic letters are used such degrees may be placed prenominally for consistency for example MMathPhil Marcos Cramer 2 In Czech Republic all academic degrees are widely used before the name Bc for Bachelor Mgr for Master Ing for Engineer lesser doctors such as MUDr doctor of medicine MDDr dentist doctor JUDr doctor of Law RNDr doctor of Natural Sciences PhDr doctor of Philosophy ThDr doctor of Theology Before them appeare titles given to university teachers prof for Professor and doc for docent Associated Professor These degrees could be combined with the highest degree appearing first e g prof JUDr Ing Bc The titles of the same rank are separated by et e g Mgr et Mgr 3 4 Army titles include gen for General plk for Colonel Church titles include P pater and R D Reverendissimus Dominus In Finland abbreviated academic titles can appear before or after the name for example FM Matti Meikalainen or Matti Meikalainen FM In the United States a person may at their discretion use Dr as a pre nominal or their doctoral degree s initials as a post nominal but rarely at the same time It would also be very unusual to see a professional license such as for an engineer used as a pre nominal in any form In Poland abbreviated academic titles appear as pre nominal letters inz for holders of inzynier degree Polish equivalent for a Bachelor of Science BSc Bachelor of Engineering BEng or Bachelor of Applied Science BASc awarded by a polytechnical university or faculty mgr for holders of a Magister Polish equivalent for a master s degree mgr inz for holders of a Magister awarded by a polytechnical university or faculty dr for holders of a Doktorat Polish Doctorate dr inz for holders of a Doktorat awarded by a polytechnical university or faculty dr hab for holders of a Doktorat and a habilitacja Polish post doctoral habilitation qualification dr hab inz for holders of a Doktorat and a habilitacja awarded by a polytechnical university or faculty In Portugal and the other Portuguese speaking countries it is usual for a person with a university degree to be generally referred by the abbreviated pre nominal title dr doutor independently of the real degree that he or she holds The main exceptions to this are the holders of degrees in engineering and architecture who are referred respectively by the pre nominal abbreviated titles eng engenheiro and arq arquiteto Order of titles EditIn the UK those with both a knighthood and rank in the armed forces or clergy or academic titles put the Sir after the other title 5 for example Lieutenant General Sir William Leishman 6 His Eminence Sir Norman Cardinal Gilroy KBE 7 Professor Sir Richard Peto 8 See also EditForm of address Honorific Post nominal letters Suffix TitleReferences Edit Shenoy Jaideep 28 January 2006 Chartered accountants allowed CA prefix The Hindu Archived from the original on 25 January 2013 Retrieved 11 September 2021 Members of the Bonn Mathematical Logic Group Retrieved 11 September 2021 Internetova jazykova prirucka Poradi titulu Titulomanie Address a Knight Archived from the original on 2009 08 25 Retrieved 2009 08 11 Lieutenant Tulloch s RAMC microscope BBC A History of the World BBC Retrieved 11 September 2021 Bloomsbury Publishing 31 January 2007 Titles and Forms of Address A Guide to Correct Use 22nd ed Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN 9781408148129 Experts Examined Sir Richard Peto BBC News 13 June 2005 Retrieved 11 September 2021 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pre nominal letters amp oldid 1180899563, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
