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Prasinophyte

February 15, 2024

The prasinophytes are a group of unicellular green algae.[3] Prasinophytes mainly include marine planktonic species, as well as some freshwater representatives.[3][4] The prasinophytes are morphologically diverse, including flagellates with one to eight flagella and non-motile (coccoid) unicells. The cells of many species are covered with organic body scales; others are naked.[4] Well studied genera include Ostreococcus, considered to be the smallest (ca. 0.95 μm) free-living eukaryote,[5] and Micromonas, both of which are found in marine waters worldwide. Prasinophytes have simple cellular structures, containing a single chloroplast and a single mitochondrion. The genomes are relatively small compared to other eukaryotes (about 12 Mbp for Ostreococcus[6][7] and 21 Mbp for Micromonas[8]). At least one species, the Antarctic form Pyramimonas gelidicola, is capable of phagocytosis and is therefore a mixotrophic algae.[9]

Some authors treat the prasinophytes as a polyphyletic grouping of green algae from different clades. As the Tetraphytina emerged in the Prasinophytes, recently authors include it, rendering it monophyletic, and equivalent to chlorophyta.[10][11]

Ecology edit

 
Micromonas pusilla

A study of photosynthetic gene-sequence diversity (rbcL) in the Gulf of Mexico indicated that Prasinophytes are particularly prevalent at the Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum (SCM)[12] and several different ecotypes of Ostreococcus have been detected in the environment.[13] These ecotypes were thought to be distinguished in the environment by their adaptation to light intensities. O. lucimarinus was isolated from a high-light environment[14] and observed year-round in the coastal North Pacific Ocean.[15] RCC141 was considered low-light, because it was isolated from the lower euphotic zone. These strains, or ecotypes, were later shown to live in different habitats (open-ocean or mesotrophic) and their distributions do not appear to be connected to light availability.[16] O. tauri was isolated from a coastal lagoon and appears to be light-polyvalent. Genetic data indicates that distinct molecular differences exist between the different ecotypes that have been detected.[17]

Prasinophytes are subject to infection by large double-stranded DNA viruses belonging to the genus Prasinovirus in the family Phycodnaviridae,[18][19][20] as well as a Reovirus.[21] It has been estimated that from 2 to 10% of the Micromonas pusilla population is lysed per day by viruses.[22]

Phylogeny edit

Recent studies agree that the prasinophytes are not a natural group, being highly paraphyletic.[4][23][24][25] Relationships among the groups making up the Chlorophyta are not fully resolved. The cladogram produced by Leliaert et al. 2011[4] and some modification according to Silar 2016,[26] Leliaert 2016[27] and Lopes dos Santos et al. 2017[1] is shown below. The blue shaded groups are or have traditionally been placed in the Prasinophyceae[3]). The species Mesostigma viride has been shown to be a member of the Streptophyta or basal Green algae. The others are member of the Chlorophyta.

As 2020 paper places the Palmophyllophyceae (prasinophyte clade VI) in a new phylum outside of the Chlorophyta and Streptophyta, the Prasinodermophyta.[28]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Lopes Dos Santos A, Pollina T, Gourvil P, Corre E, Marie D, Garrido JL, Rodríguez F, Noël MH, Vaulot D, Eikrem W (October 2017). "Chloropicophyceae, a new class of picophytoplanktonic prasinophytes". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 14019. Bibcode:2017NatSR...714019L. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-12412-5. PMC 5656628. PMID 29070840.
  2. ^ Linzhou Li; Sibo Wang; Hongli Wang; Sunil Kumar Sahu; Birger Marin; Haoyuan Li; Yan Xu; Hongping Liang; Zhen Li; Shifeng Chen; Tanja Reder; Zehra Çebi; Sebastian Wittek; Morten Petersen; Barbara Melkonian; Hongli Du; Huanming Yang; Jian Wang; Gane Ka-Shu Wong; Xun Xu; Xin Liu; Yves Van de Peer; Michael Melkonian; Huan Liu (22 June 2020). "The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 4 (9): 1220–1231. doi:10.1038/s41559-020-1221-7. PMC 7455551. PMID 32572216.
  3. ^ a b c Sym, S. D. and Pienaar, R. N. 1993. The class Prasinophyceae. In Round, F. E. and Chapman, D. J. (eds) Progress in Phycological Research, Vol. 9. Biopress Ltd., Bristol, pp. 281-376.
  4. ^ a b c d Leliaert F, Verbruggen H, Zechman FW (September 2011). "Into the deep: new discoveries at the base of the green plant phylogeny". BioEssays. 33 (9): 683–92. doi:10.1002/bies.201100035. PMID 21744372. S2CID 40459076.
  5. ^ Courties C, Vaquer A, Troussellier M, Lautier J, Chrétiennot-Dinet MJ, Neveux J, et al. (1994). "Smallest eukaryotic organism". Nature. 370 (6487): 255. Bibcode:1994Natur.370..255C. doi:10.1038/370255a0.
  6. ^ Derelle E, Ferraz C, Rombauts S, Rouzé P, Worden AZ, Robbens S, Partensky F, Degroeve S, Echeynié S, Cooke R, Saeys Y, Wuyts J, Jabbari K, Bowler C, Panaud O, Piégu B, Ball SG, Ral JP, Bouget FY, Piganeau G, De Baets B, Picard A, Delseny M, Demaille J, Van de Peer Y, Moreau H (August 2006). "Genome analysis of the smallest free-living eukaryote Ostreococcus tauri unveils many unique features". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (31): 11647–52. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10311647D. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604795103. PMC 1544224. PMID 16868079.
  7. ^ Palenik B, Grimwood J, Aerts A, Rouzé P, Salamov A, Putnam N, et al. (May 2007). "The tiny eukaryote Ostreococcus provides genomic insights into the paradox of plankton speciation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (18): 7705–10. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.7705P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0611046104. PMC 1863510. PMID 17460045.
  8. ^ Worden AZ, Lee JH, Mock T, Rouzé P, Simmons MP, Aerts AL, et al. (April 2009). "Green evolution and dynamic adaptations revealed by genomes of the marine picoeukaryotes Micromonas". Science. 324 (5924): 268–72. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..268W. doi:10.1126/science.1167222. PMID 19359590. S2CID 206516961.
  9. ^ Mixotrophy in the Antarctic phytoflagellate, Pyramimonas gelidicola (Chlorophyta: Prasinophyceae)
  10. ^ Tevatia R, Oyler GA (2018-01-02). "Evolution of DDB1-binding WD40 (DWD) in the viridiplantae". PLOS ONE. 13 (1): e0190282. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1390282T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190282. PMC 5749748. PMID 29293590.
  11. ^ Rockwell NC, Martin SS, Li FW, Mathews S, Lagarias JC (May 2017). "The phycocyanobilin chromophore of streptophyte algal phytochromes is synthesized by HY2". The New Phytologist. 214 (3): 1145–1157. doi:10.1111/nph.14422. PMC 5388591. PMID 28106912.
  12. ^ Wawrik B, Paul JH, Campbell L, Griffin D, Houchin L, Fuentes-Ortega A, Müller-Karger F (2003). "Vertical Structure of the Phytoplankton Community Associated with a Coastal Plume in the Gulf of Mexico". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 251: 87–101. Bibcode:2003MEPS..251...87W. doi:10.3354/meps251087.
  13. ^ Guillou L, Eikrem W, Chrétiennot-Dinet MJ, Le Gall F, Massana R, Romari K, Pedrós-Alió C, Vaulot D (June 2004). "Diversity of picoplanktonic prasinophytes assessed by direct nuclear SSU rDNA sequencing of environmental samples and novel isolates retrieved from oceanic and coastal marine ecosystems". Protist. 155 (2): 193–214. doi:10.1078/143446104774199592. PMID 15305796. S2CID 15859454.
  14. ^ Worden AZ, Nolan JK, Palenik B (2004). "Assessing the dynamics and ecology of marine picophytoplankton: The importance of the eukaryotic component". Limnology and Oceanography. 49 (1): 168–179. Bibcode:2004LimOc..49..168W. doi:10.4319/lo.2004.49.1.0168.
  15. ^ Worden AZ (2006). "Picoeukaryote diversity in coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean" (PDF). Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 43 (2): 165–175. doi:10.3354/ame043165.
  16. ^ Demir-Hilton E, Sudek S, Cuvelier ML, Gentemann CL, Zehr JP, Worden AZ (July 2011). "Global distribution patterns of distinct clades of the photosynthetic picoeukaryote Ostreococcus". The ISME Journal. 5 (7): 1095–107. doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.209. PMC 3146286. PMID 21289652.
  17. ^ Rodríguez F, Derelle E, Guillou L, Le Gall F, Vaulot D, Moreau H (June 2005). "Ecotype diversity in the marine picoeukaryote Ostreococcus (Chlorophyta, Prasinophyceae)". Environmental Microbiology. 7 (6): 853–9. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00758.x. PMID 15892704.
  18. ^ Mayer JA, Taylor FJ (1979). "A virus which lyses the marine nanoflagellate, "Micromonas pusilla"". Nature. 281 (5729): 299–301. Bibcode:1979Natur.281..299M. doi:10.1038/281299a0. S2CID 4269889.
  19. ^ Cottrell MT, Suttle CA (1991). "Wide-spread occurrence and clonal variation in viruses which cause lysis of a cosmopolitan, eukaryotic marine phytoplankter, "Micromonas pusilla"". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 78: 1–9. Bibcode:1991MEPS...78....1C. doi:10.3354/meps078001.
  20. ^ Bellec L, Grimsley N, Derelle E, Moreau H, Desdevises Y (April 2010). "Abundance, spatial distribution and genetic diversity of Ostreococcus tauri viruses in two different environments". Environmental Microbiology Reports. 2 (2): 313–21. doi:10.1111/j.1758-2229.2010.00138.x. PMID 23766083.
  21. ^ Attoui H, Jaafar FM, Belhouchet M, de Micco P, de Lamballerie X, Brussaard CP (May 2006). "Micromonas pusilla reovirus: a new member of the family Reoviridae assigned to a novel proposed genus (Mimoreovirus)". The Journal of General Virology. 87 (Pt 5): 1375–83. doi:10.1099/vir.0.81584-0. PMID 16603541.
  22. ^ Cottrell MT, Suttle CA (1995-06-01). "Dynamics of lytic virus infecting the photosynthetic marine picoflagellate "Micromonas pusilla"". Limnology and Oceanography. 40 (4): 730–739. Bibcode:1995LimOc..40..730C. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.517.2324. doi:10.4319/lo.1995.40.4.0730. ISSN 1939-5590.
  23. ^ Lewis LA, McCourt RM (October 2004). "Green algae and the origin of land plants". American Journal of Botany. 91 (10): 1535–56. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535. PMID 21652308.
  24. ^ Becker B, Marin B (May 2009). "Streptophyte algae and the origin of embryophytes". Annals of Botany. 103 (7): 999–1004. doi:10.1093/aob/mcp044. PMC 2707909. PMID 19273476.
  25. ^ Marin B (September 2012). "Nested in the Chlorellales or independent class? Phylogeny and classification of the Pedinophyceae (Viridiplantae) revealed by molecular phylogenetic analyses of complete nuclear and plastid-encoded rRNA operons". Protist. 163 (5): 778–805. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2011.11.004. PMID 22192529.
  26. ^ Silar, Philippe (2016), "Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes", HAL Archives-ouvertes: 1–462
  27. ^ Leliaert F, Tronholm A, Lemieux C, Turmel M, DePriest MS, Bhattacharya D, Karol KG, Fredericq S, Zechman FW, Lopez-Bautista JM (May 2016). "Chloroplast phylogenomic analyses reveal the deepest-branching lineage of the Chlorophyta, Palmophyllophyceae class. nov". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 25367. Bibcode:2016NatSR...625367L. doi:10.1038/srep25367. PMC 4860620. PMID 27157793.
  28. ^ Linzhou Li; Sibo Wang; Hongli Wang; Sunil Kumar Sahu; Birger Marin; Haoyuan Li; Yan Xu; Hongping Liang; Zhen Li; Shifeng Chen; Tanja Reder; Zehra Çebi; Sebastian Wittek; Morten Petersen; Barbara Melkonian; Hongli Du; Huanming Yang; Jian Wang; Gane Ka-Shu Wong; Xun Xu; Xin Liu; Yves Van de Peer; Michael Melkonian; Huan Liu (22 June 2020). "The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 4 (9): 1220–1231. doi:10.1038/s41559-020-1221-7. PMC 7455551. PMID 32572216.

External links edit

 
Wikispecies has information related to Prasinophyceae.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prasinophyceae.

February 15, 2024
prasinophyte, prasinophytes, group, unicellular, green, algae, mainly, include, marine, planktonic, species, well, some, freshwater, representatives, prasinophytes, morphologically, diverse, including, flagellates, with, eight, flagella, motile, coccoid, unice. The prasinophytes are a group of unicellular green algae 3 Prasinophytes mainly include marine planktonic species as well as some freshwater representatives 3 4 The prasinophytes are morphologically diverse including flagellates with one to eight flagella and non motile coccoid unicells The cells of many species are covered with organic body scales others are naked 4 Well studied genera include Ostreococcus considered to be the smallest ca 0 95 mm free living eukaryote 5 and Micromonas both of which are found in marine waters worldwide Prasinophytes have simple cellular structures containing a single chloroplast and a single mitochondrion The genomes are relatively small compared to other eukaryotes about 12 Mbp for Ostreococcus 6 7 and 21 Mbp for Micromonas 8 At least one species the Antarctic form Pyramimonas gelidicola is capable of phagocytosis and is therefore a mixotrophic algae 9 PrasinophyteParaphyletic group of chlorophytesPyramimonas sp Scientific classification unranked ViridiplantaeDivision ChlorophytaInformal group PrasinophyteIncluded classes 1 2 Palmophyllophyceae Prasinophyceae s s Prasinodermophyta Pyramimonadophyceae Mamiellophyceae Nephroselmidophyceae Nephrophyceae Chloropicophyceae Pseudoscourfieldiales Picocystophyceae ChlorodendrophyceaeExcluded classes i e chlorophytes not considered prasinophytes Pedinophyceae Ulvophyceae Trebouxiophyceae ChlorophyceaeSome authors treat the prasinophytes as a polyphyletic grouping of green algae from different clades As the Tetraphytina emerged in the Prasinophytes recently authors include it rendering it monophyletic and equivalent to chlorophyta 10 11 Contents 1 Ecology 2 Phylogeny 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksEcology edit nbsp Micromonas pusillaA study of photosynthetic gene sequence diversity rbcL in the Gulf of Mexico indicated that Prasinophytes are particularly prevalent at the Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum SCM 12 and several different ecotypes of Ostreococcus have been detected in the environment 13 These ecotypes were thought to be distinguished in the environment by their adaptation to light intensities O lucimarinus was isolated from a high light environment 14 and observed year round in the coastal North Pacific Ocean 15 RCC141 was considered low light because it was isolated from the lower euphotic zone These strains or ecotypes were later shown to live in different habitats open ocean or mesotrophic and their distributions do not appear to be connected to light availability 16 O tauri was isolated from a coastal lagoon and appears to be light polyvalent Genetic data indicates that distinct molecular differences exist between the different ecotypes that have been detected 17 Prasinophytes are subject to infection by large double stranded DNA viruses belonging to the genus Prasinovirus in the family Phycodnaviridae 18 19 20 as well as a Reovirus 21 It has been estimated that from 2 to 10 of the Micromonas pusilla population is lysed per day by viruses 22 Phylogeny editRecent studies agree that the prasinophytes are not a natural group being highly paraphyletic 4 23 24 25 Relationships among the groups making up the Chlorophyta are not fully resolved The cladogram produced by Leliaert et al 2011 4 and some modification according to Silar 2016 26 Leliaert 2016 27 and Lopes dos Santos et al 2017 1 is shown below The blue shaded groups are or have traditionally been placed in the Prasinophyceae 3 The species Mesostigma viride has been shown to be a member of the Streptophyta or basal Green algae The others are member of the Chlorophyta Green Algae Chlorophyta Palmophyllophyceae Prasinococcales prasinophyte clade VI PalmophyllalesPyramimonadophyceae prasinophyte clade I Mamiellophyceae MonomastigalesDolichomastigalesMamiellales prasinophyte clade II Nephroselmidophyceae Nephroselmidales prasinophyte clade III Pycnococcaceae prasinophyte clade V Picocystophyceae prasinophyte clade VII C Chloropicophyceae prasinophyte clade VII A B Tetraphytina PedinophyceaeChlorophytina Chlorodendrophyceae prasinophyte clade IV TrebouxiophyceaeUlvophyceaeChlorophyceaePrasinophytaStreptophyta ChlorokybophyceaeMesostigmatophyceaeKlebsormidiophyceaeCharophyceaeZygnematophyceaeColeochaetophyceaeLand plantsAs 2020 paper places the Palmophyllophyceae prasinophyte clade VI in a new phylum outside of the Chlorophyta and Streptophyta the Prasinodermophyta 28 See also editSmallest organismsReferences edit a b Lopes Dos Santos A Pollina T Gourvil P Corre E Marie D Garrido JL Rodriguez F Noel MH Vaulot D Eikrem W October 2017 Chloropicophyceae a new class of picophytoplanktonic prasinophytes Scientific Reports 7 1 14019 Bibcode 2017NatSR 714019L doi 10 1038 s41598 017 12412 5 PMC 5656628 PMID 29070840 Linzhou Li Sibo Wang Hongli Wang Sunil Kumar Sahu Birger Marin Haoyuan Li Yan Xu Hongping Liang Zhen Li Shifeng Chen Tanja Reder Zehra Cebi Sebastian Wittek Morten Petersen Barbara Melkonian Hongli Du Huanming Yang Jian Wang Gane Ka Shu Wong Xun Xu Xin Liu Yves Van de Peer Michael Melkonian Huan Liu 22 June 2020 The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants Nature Ecology amp Evolution 4 9 1220 1231 doi 10 1038 s41559 020 1221 7 PMC 7455551 PMID 32572216 a b c Sym S D and Pienaar R N 1993 The class Prasinophyceae In Round F E and Chapman D J eds Progress in Phycological Research Vol 9 Biopress Ltd Bristol pp 281 376 a b c d Leliaert F Verbruggen H Zechman FW September 2011 Into the deep new discoveries at the base of the green plant phylogeny BioEssays 33 9 683 92 doi 10 1002 bies 201100035 PMID 21744372 S2CID 40459076 Courties C Vaquer A Troussellier M Lautier J Chretiennot Dinet MJ Neveux J et al 1994 Smallest eukaryotic organism Nature 370 6487 255 Bibcode 1994Natur 370 255C doi 10 1038 370255a0 Derelle E Ferraz C Rombauts S Rouze P Worden AZ Robbens S Partensky F Degroeve S Echeynie S Cooke R Saeys Y Wuyts J Jabbari K Bowler C Panaud O Piegu B Ball SG Ral JP Bouget FY Piganeau G De Baets B Picard A Delseny M Demaille J Van de Peer Y Moreau H August 2006 Genome analysis of the smallest free living eukaryote Ostreococcus tauri unveils many unique features Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103 31 11647 52 Bibcode 2006PNAS 10311647D doi 10 1073 pnas 0604795103 PMC 1544224 PMID 16868079 Palenik B Grimwood J Aerts A Rouze P Salamov A Putnam N et al May 2007 The tiny eukaryote Ostreococcus provides genomic insights into the paradox of plankton speciation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104 18 7705 10 Bibcode 2007PNAS 104 7705P doi 10 1073 pnas 0611046104 PMC 1863510 PMID 17460045 Worden AZ Lee JH Mock T Rouze P Simmons MP Aerts AL et al April 2009 Green evolution and dynamic adaptations revealed by genomes of the marine picoeukaryotes Micromonas Science 324 5924 268 72 Bibcode 2009Sci 324 268W doi 10 1126 science 1167222 PMID 19359590 S2CID 206516961 Mixotrophy in the Antarctic phytoflagellate Pyramimonas gelidicola Chlorophyta Prasinophyceae Tevatia R Oyler GA 2018 01 02 Evolution of DDB1 binding WD40 DWD in the viridiplantae PLOS ONE 13 1 e0190282 Bibcode 2018PLoSO 1390282T doi 10 1371 journal pone 0190282 PMC 5749748 PMID 29293590 Rockwell NC Martin SS Li FW Mathews S Lagarias JC May 2017 The phycocyanobilin chromophore of streptophyte algal phytochromes is synthesized by HY2 The New Phytologist 214 3 1145 1157 doi 10 1111 nph 14422 PMC 5388591 PMID 28106912 Wawrik B Paul JH Campbell L Griffin D Houchin L Fuentes Ortega A Muller Karger F 2003 Vertical Structure of the Phytoplankton Community Associated with a Coastal Plume in the Gulf of Mexico Marine Ecology Progress Series 251 87 101 Bibcode 2003MEPS 251 87W doi 10 3354 meps251087 Guillou L Eikrem W Chretiennot Dinet MJ Le Gall F Massana R Romari K Pedros Alio C Vaulot D June 2004 Diversity of picoplanktonic prasinophytes assessed by direct nuclear SSU rDNA sequencing of environmental samples and novel isolates retrieved from oceanic and coastal marine ecosystems Protist 155 2 193 214 doi 10 1078 143446104774199592 PMID 15305796 S2CID 15859454 Worden AZ Nolan JK Palenik B 2004 Assessing the dynamics and ecology of marine picophytoplankton The importance of the eukaryotic component Limnology and Oceanography 49 1 168 179 Bibcode 2004LimOc 49 168W doi 10 4319 lo 2004 49 1 0168 Worden AZ 2006 Picoeukaryote diversity in coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean PDF Aquatic Microbial Ecology 43 2 165 175 doi 10 3354 ame043165 Demir Hilton E Sudek S Cuvelier ML Gentemann CL Zehr JP Worden AZ July 2011 Global distribution patterns of distinct clades of the photosynthetic picoeukaryote Ostreococcus The ISME Journal 5 7 1095 107 doi 10 1038 ismej 2010 209 PMC 3146286 PMID 21289652 Rodriguez F Derelle E Guillou L Le Gall F Vaulot D Moreau H June 2005 Ecotype diversity in the marine picoeukaryote Ostreococcus Chlorophyta Prasinophyceae Environmental Microbiology 7 6 853 9 doi 10 1111 j 1462 2920 2005 00758 x PMID 15892704 Mayer JA Taylor FJ 1979 A virus which lyses the marine nanoflagellate Micromonas pusilla Nature 281 5729 299 301 Bibcode 1979Natur 281 299M doi 10 1038 281299a0 S2CID 4269889 Cottrell MT Suttle CA 1991 Wide spread occurrence and clonal variation in viruses which cause lysis of a cosmopolitan eukaryotic marine phytoplankter Micromonas pusilla Marine Ecology Progress Series 78 1 9 Bibcode 1991MEPS 78 1C doi 10 3354 meps078001 Bellec L Grimsley N Derelle E Moreau H Desdevises Y April 2010 Abundance spatial distribution and genetic diversity of Ostreococcus tauri viruses in two different environments Environmental Microbiology Reports 2 2 313 21 doi 10 1111 j 1758 2229 2010 00138 x PMID 23766083 Attoui H Jaafar FM Belhouchet M de Micco P de Lamballerie X Brussaard CP May 2006 Micromonas pusilla reovirus a new member of the family Reoviridae assigned to a novel proposed genus Mimoreovirus The Journal of General Virology 87 Pt 5 1375 83 doi 10 1099 vir 0 81584 0 PMID 16603541 Cottrell MT Suttle CA 1995 06 01 Dynamics of lytic virus infecting the photosynthetic marine picoflagellate Micromonas pusilla Limnology and Oceanography 40 4 730 739 Bibcode 1995LimOc 40 730C CiteSeerX 10 1 1 517 2324 doi 10 4319 lo 1995 40 4 0730 ISSN 1939 5590 Lewis LA McCourt RM October 2004 Green algae and the origin of land plants American Journal of Botany 91 10 1535 56 doi 10 3732 ajb 91 10 1535 PMID 21652308 Becker B Marin B May 2009 Streptophyte algae and the origin of embryophytes Annals of Botany 103 7 999 1004 doi 10 1093 aob mcp044 PMC 2707909 PMID 19273476 Marin B September 2012 Nested in the Chlorellales or independent class Phylogeny and classification of the Pedinophyceae Viridiplantae revealed by molecular phylogenetic analyses of complete nuclear and plastid encoded rRNA operons Protist 163 5 778 805 doi 10 1016 j protis 2011 11 004 PMID 22192529 Silar Philippe 2016 Protistes Eucaryotes Origine Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes HAL Archives ouvertes 1 462 Leliaert F Tronholm A Lemieux C Turmel M DePriest MS Bhattacharya D Karol KG Fredericq S Zechman FW Lopez Bautista JM May 2016 Chloroplast phylogenomic analyses reveal the deepest branching lineage of the Chlorophyta Palmophyllophyceae class nov Scientific Reports 6 1 25367 Bibcode 2016NatSR 625367L doi 10 1038 srep25367 PMC 4860620 PMID 27157793 Linzhou Li Sibo Wang Hongli Wang Sunil Kumar Sahu Birger Marin Haoyuan Li Yan Xu Hongping Liang Zhen Li Shifeng Chen Tanja Reder Zehra Cebi Sebastian Wittek Morten Petersen Barbara Melkonian Hongli Du Huanming Yang Jian Wang Gane Ka Shu Wong Xun Xu Xin Liu Yves Van de Peer Michael Melkonian Huan Liu 22 June 2020 The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants Nature Ecology amp Evolution 4 9 1220 1231 doi 10 1038 s41559 020 1221 7 PMC 7455551 PMID 32572216 External links edit nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Prasinophyceae nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prasinophyceae Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Prasinophyte amp oldid 1192022852, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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