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Popular Nasserist Organization

October 15, 2023

The Popular Nasserist Organization – PNO (Arabic: التنظيم الشعبي الناصري, romanized: Al-Tanzim al-Sha'aby al-Nassery) or Organisation Populaire Nassérienne (OPN) in French, is a Sidon-based Nasserist party originally formed in 1973 by Maarouf Saad, a Sunni Muslim pan-Arab politician and member of Parliament (MP) later killed by the Lebanese Army during a February 1975 dock strike held in that port city.[1]

Popular Nasserist Organization
التنظيم الشعبي الناصري
AbbreviationPNO
LeaderOsama Saad
FounderMaarouf Saad
Founded1973
HeadquartersSidon
IdeologyNasserism
Arab socialism
Arab nationalism
Pan-Arabism
Anti-Zionism
Left-wing nationalism
Political positionLeft-wing
National affiliationMarch 8 Alliance
Parliament of Lebanon
1 / 128
Cabinet of Lebanon
0 / 24
Party flag

Structure and organization Edit

 
Maarouf Saad

The PNO's military wing, the National Liberation Army – NLA (Arabic: جيش التحرير الوطني, romanized: Jayish al-Tahrir al-Watani) or Armée de Liberation Nationale (ALN) in French, was first raised in March 1975 at Sidon by Mustafa Saad, son of the late Maarouf. Secretly trained and armed by Fatah, the NLA was initially financed by Yasser Arafat's organization and Libya, later replaced in the mid-1980s by the Sidon-born Saudi-Lebanese millionaire Rafic Hariri, in order to protect his business interests in the Sidon area.[2][3] A small but disciplinated fighting force, predominately Sunni Muslim with some Shia Muslims and Christians, the NLA comprised some 500-1,000 uniformed male and female fighters[4] organized into conventional 'Commando', Infantry, Signals, and Military Police branches. It fielded a 'mechanized' corps provided with a single UR-416 armoured car seized from the Lebanese Forces in 1985,[5][6][7] plus 40 all-terrain vehicles converted into technicals. The latter consisted mostly of Suzuki Jimny LJ20 1st generation off-road mini SUVs,[8] Land-Rover series II-III,[9] Toyota Land Cruiser (J43),[10][11] Toyota Land Cruiser (J70), Toyota Land Cruiser (J75),[12] GMC Sierra Custom K25/K30, Datsun 620[13] and Datsun 720 pickup trucks,[14] and Dodge Fargo/Power Wagon W200 light trucks[15] armed with heavy machine-guns, recoilless rifles and anti-aircraft autocannons.

The PNO in the Civil War: 1975–90 Edit

Closely allied with the Al-Mourabitoun, the PNO/NLA joined the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) in April 1975,[16] playing a somewhat significant role in the controversial siege of the Christian coastal town of Damour alongside the Al-Mourabitoun, the PLO and Palestine Liberation Army units on 20–22 January 1976,[17][18] and later took part in the 'Spring offensive' held in March that year on the Mount Lebanon region. Forced to go underground during the June 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon when the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) occupied Sidon, the PNO/NLA re-formed in the wake of the Israeli pull-out from southern Lebanon in March–April 1985, and fought alongside the Palestinians at the battles for Kfar-Fallus and Jezzine against the Israeli-backed South Lebanese Army (SLA). Simultaneously, during the Coastal War they joined in a Syrian-backed coalition with the Druze Progressive Socialist Party (PSP), the Sunni Al-Mourabitoun and the Shi'ite Amal Movement, which defeated the Christian Lebanese Forces (LF) attempts to establish bridgeheads at Damour and Sidon.[19]

The post-war years Edit

The PNO is led today by Osama Saad, who is an MP in the Lebanese Parliament, and is active in the city of Sidon. It was affiliated with the March 8 Alliance until the 2019 protests in Lebanon, which the party supports.

See also Edit

Notes Edit

  1. ^ Deeb, The Lebanese Civil War (1980), pp. 68-69.
  2. ^ Traboulsi, Identités et solidarités croisées dans les conflits du Liban contemporain; Chapitre 12: L'économie politique des milices: le phénomène mafieux (2007), page unknown.
  3. ^ Gambill, Gary C.; Ziad K. Abdelnour (July 2001). . Middle East Intelligence Bulletin. 3 (7). Archived from the original on 8 May 2014.
  4. ^ Makdisi and Sadaka, The Lebanese Civil War, 1975-1990 (2003), p. 44, Table 1: War Period Militias.
  5. ^ Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), p. 56.
  6. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 72.
  7. ^ El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 124-127.
  8. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 74.
  9. ^ El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 29-31; 47; 53.
  10. ^ Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), p. 52.
  11. ^ El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 27.
  12. ^ El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 24-27.
  13. ^ El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 77-79.
  14. ^ El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 55-57.
  15. ^ El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 63.
  16. ^ McGowan, Roberts, Abu Khalil, and Scott Mason, Lebanon: a country study (1989), p. 243.
  17. ^ Fisk, Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War (2001), pp. 99-100.
  18. ^ Labaki & Abou Rjeily, Bilan des guerres du Liban (1975-1990) (1993), p. 57.
  19. ^ O'Ballance, Civil War in Lebanon (1998), p. 156.

References Edit

  • Afaf Sabeh McGowan, John Roberts, As'ad Abu Khalil, and Robert Scott Mason, Lebanon: a country study, area handbook series, Headquarters, Department of the Army (DA Pam 550-24), Washington D.C. 1989. - [1]
  • Boutros Labaki & Khalil Abou Rjeily, Bilan des guerres du Liban (1975-1990), Collection "Comprendre le Moyen-Orient", Éditions L'Harmattan, Paris 1993. ISBN 978-2738415257 (in French)
  • Denise Ammoun, Histoire du Liban contemporain: Tome 2 1943-1990, Fayard, Paris 2005. ISBN 978-2-213-61521-9 (in French) – [2]
  • Edgar O'Ballance, Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-92, Palgrave Macmillan, London 1998. ISBN 0-333-72975-7
  • Joseph Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985), Lulu.com, Beyrouth 2012. ISBN 9781291036602, 1291036601 (in French) – [3]
  • Fawwaz Traboulsi, Identités et solidarités croisées dans les conflits du Liban contemporain; Chapitre 12: L'économie politique des milices: le phénomène mafieux, Thèse de Doctorat d'Histoire – 1993, Université de Paris VIII, 2007. (in French) – [4]
  • Marius Deeb, The Lebanese Civil War, Praeger Publishers Inc., New York 1980. ISBN 978-0030397011
  • Moustafa El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2008. ISBN 9953-0-1256-8
  • Mordechai Nisan, The Conscience of Lebanon: A Political Biography of Etienne Sakr (Abu-Arz), Frank Cass Publishers, London 2003. ISBN 978-0-7146-8378-2
  • Rex Brynen, Sanctuary and Survival: the PLO in Lebanon, Boulder: Westview Press, Oxford 1990. ISBN 0 86187 123 5 – [5]
  • Robert Fisk, Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War, London: Oxford University Press, (3rd ed. 2001). ISBN 0-19-280130-9 – [6]
  • Samer Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon, Beirut: Elite Group, 2003. ISBN 9953-0-0705-5
  • Samir Makdisi and Richard Sadaka, The Lebanese Civil War, 1975-1990, American University of Beirut, Institute of Financial Economics, Lecture and Working Paper Series (2003 No.3), pp. 1–53. –
  • Steven J. Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2): The wars of 1973 to the present, Concord Publications, Hong Kong 2003. ISBN 962-361-613-9 – [8]

Further reading Edit

  • Fawwaz Traboulsi, A History of Modern Lebanon: Second Edition, Pluto Press, London 2012. ISBN 978-0745332741
  • Jean Sarkis, Histoire de la guerre du Liban, Presses Universitaires de France - PUF, Paris 1993. ISBN 978-2-13-045801-2 (in French)
  • Samir Kassir, La Guerre du Liban: De la dissension nationale au conflit régional, Éditions Karthala/CERMOC, Paris 1994. ISBN 978-2865374991 (in French)
  • William W. Harris, Faces of Lebanon: Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions, Princeton Series on the Middle East, Markus Wiener Publishers, Princeton 1997. ISBN 978-1558761155, 1-55876-115-2

October 15, 2023
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Popular Nasserist Organization news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Popular Nasserist Organization PNO Arabic التنظيم الشعبي الناصري romanized Al Tanzim al Sha aby al Nassery or Organisation Populaire Nasserienne OPN in French is a Sidon based Nasserist party originally formed in 1973 by Maarouf Saad a Sunni Muslim pan Arab politician and member of Parliament MP later killed by the Lebanese Army during a February 1975 dock strike held in that port city 1 Popular Nasserist Organization التنظيم الشعبي الناصريAbbreviationPNOLeaderOsama SaadFounderMaarouf SaadFounded1973HeadquartersSidonIdeologyNasserismArab socialismArab nationalismPan ArabismAnti ZionismLeft wing nationalismPolitical positionLeft wingNational affiliationMarch 8 AllianceParliament of Lebanon1 128Cabinet of Lebanon0 24Party flagPolitics of LebanonPolitical partiesElections Contents 1 Structure and organization 2 The PNO in the Civil War 1975 90 3 The post war years 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 6 1 Further readingStructure and organization Edit nbsp Maarouf SaadThe PNO s military wing the National Liberation Army NLA Arabic جيش التحرير الوطني romanized Jayish al Tahrir al Watani or Armee de Liberation Nationale ALN in French was first raised in March 1975 at Sidon by Mustafa Saad son of the late Maarouf Secretly trained and armed by Fatah the NLA was initially financed by Yasser Arafat s organization and Libya later replaced in the mid 1980s by the Sidon born Saudi Lebanese millionaire Rafic Hariri in order to protect his business interests in the Sidon area 2 3 A small but disciplinated fighting force predominately Sunni Muslim with some Shia Muslims and Christians the NLA comprised some 500 1 000 uniformed male and female fighters 4 organized into conventional Commando Infantry Signals and Military Police branches It fielded a mechanized corps provided with a single UR 416 armoured car seized from the Lebanese Forces in 1985 5 6 7 plus 40 all terrain vehicles converted into technicals The latter consisted mostly of Suzuki Jimny LJ20 1st generation off road mini SUVs 8 Land Rover series II III 9 Toyota Land Cruiser J43 10 11 Toyota Land Cruiser J70 Toyota Land Cruiser J75 12 GMC Sierra Custom K25 K30 Datsun 620 13 and Datsun 720 pickup trucks 14 and Dodge Fargo Power Wagon W200 light trucks 15 armed with heavy machine guns recoilless rifles and anti aircraft autocannons The PNO in the Civil War 1975 90 EditClosely allied with the Al Mourabitoun the PNO NLA joined the Lebanese National Movement LNM in April 1975 16 playing a somewhat significant role in the controversial siege of the Christian coastal town of Damour alongside the Al Mourabitoun the PLO and Palestine Liberation Army units on 20 22 January 1976 17 18 and later took part in the Spring offensive held in March that year on the Mount Lebanon region Forced to go underground during the June 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon when the Israeli Defence Forces IDF occupied Sidon the PNO NLA re formed in the wake of the Israeli pull out from southern Lebanon in March April 1985 and fought alongside the Palestinians at the battles for Kfar Fallus and Jezzine against the Israeli backed South Lebanese Army SLA Simultaneously during the Coastal War they joined in a Syrian backed coalition with the Druze Progressive Socialist Party PSP the Sunni Al Mourabitoun and the Shi ite Amal Movement which defeated the Christian Lebanese Forces LF attempts to establish bridgeheads at Damour and Sidon 19 The post war years EditThe PNO is led today by Osama Saad who is an MP in the Lebanese Parliament and is active in the city of Sidon It was affiliated with the March 8 Alliance until the 2019 protests in Lebanon which the party supports See also EditAl Mourabitoun Coastal War Damour massacre Nasserism People s Liberation Army Lebanon Lebanese National Movement Lebanese Civil War List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War List of weapons of the Lebanese Civil War 3rd Infantry Brigade Lebanon Notes Edit Deeb The Lebanese Civil War 1980 pp 68 69 Traboulsi Identites et solidarites croisees dans les conflits du Liban contemporain Chapitre 12 L economie politique des milices le phenomene mafieux 2007 page unknown Gambill Gary C Ziad K Abdelnour July 2001 Dossier Rafiq Hariri Middle East Intelligence Bulletin 3 7 Archived from the original on 8 May 2014 Makdisi and Sadaka The Lebanese Civil War 1975 1990 2003 p 44 Table 1 War Period Militias Zaloga Tank battles of the Mid East Wars 2 2003 p 56 Kassis 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon 2003 p 72 El Assad Civil Wars Volume 1 The Gun Trucks 2008 pp 124 127 Kassis 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon 2003 p 74 El Assad Civil Wars Volume 1 The Gun Trucks 2008 pp 29 31 47 53 Zaloga Tank battles of the Mid East Wars 2 2003 p 52 El Assad Civil Wars Volume 1 The Gun Trucks 2008 p 27 El Assad Civil Wars Volume 1 The Gun Trucks 2008 pp 24 27 El Assad Civil Wars Volume 1 The Gun Trucks 2008 pp 77 79 El Assad Civil Wars Volume 1 The Gun Trucks 2008 pp 55 57 El Assad Civil Wars Volume 1 The Gun Trucks 2008 p 63 McGowan Roberts Abu Khalil and Scott Mason Lebanon a country study 1989 p 243 Fisk Pity the Nation Lebanon at War 2001 pp 99 100 Labaki amp Abou Rjeily Bilan des guerres du Liban 1975 1990 1993 p 57 O Ballance Civil War in Lebanon 1998 p 156 References EditAfaf Sabeh McGowan John Roberts As ad Abu Khalil and Robert Scott Mason Lebanon a country study area handbook series Headquarters Department of the Army DA Pam 550 24 Washington D C 1989 1 Boutros Labaki amp Khalil Abou Rjeily Bilan des guerres du Liban 1975 1990 Collection Comprendre le Moyen Orient Editions L Harmattan Paris 1993 ISBN 978 2738415257 in French Denise Ammoun Histoire du Liban contemporain Tome 2 1943 1990 Fayard Paris 2005 ISBN 978 2 213 61521 9 in French 2 Edgar O Ballance Civil War in Lebanon 1975 92 Palgrave Macmillan London 1998 ISBN 0 333 72975 7 Joseph Hokayem L armee libanaise pendant la guerre un instrument du pouvoir du president de la Republique 1975 1985 Lulu com Beyrouth 2012 ISBN 9781291036602 1291036601 in French 3 Fawwaz Traboulsi Identites et solidarites croisees dans les conflits du Liban contemporain Chapitre 12 L economie politique des milices le phenomene mafieux These de Doctorat d Histoire 1993 Universite de Paris VIII 2007 in French 4 Marius Deeb The Lebanese Civil War Praeger Publishers Inc New York 1980 ISBN 978 0030397011 Moustafa El Assad Civil Wars Volume 1 The Gun Trucks Blue Steel books Sidon 2008 ISBN 9953 0 1256 8 Mordechai Nisan The Conscience of Lebanon A Political Biography of Etienne Sakr Abu Arz Frank Cass Publishers London 2003 ISBN 978 0 7146 8378 2 Rex Brynen Sanctuary and Survival the PLO in Lebanon Boulder Westview Press Oxford 1990 ISBN 0 86187 123 5 5 Robert Fisk Pity the Nation Lebanon at War London Oxford University Press 3rd ed 2001 ISBN 0 19 280130 9 6 Samer Kassis 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon Beirut Elite Group 2003 ISBN 9953 0 0705 5 Samir Makdisi and Richard Sadaka The Lebanese Civil War 1975 1990 American University of Beirut Institute of Financial Economics Lecture and Working Paper Series 2003 No 3 pp 1 53 7 Steven J Zaloga Tank battles of the Mid East Wars 2 The wars of 1973 to the present Concord Publications Hong Kong 2003 ISBN 962 361 613 9 8 Further reading Edit Fawwaz Traboulsi A History of Modern Lebanon Second Edition Pluto Press London 2012 ISBN 978 0745332741 Jean Sarkis Histoire de la guerre du Liban Presses Universitaires de France PUF Paris 1993 ISBN 978 2 13 045801 2 in French Samir Kassir La Guerre du Liban De la dissension nationale au conflit regional Editions Karthala CERMOC Paris 1994 ISBN 978 2865374991 in French William W Harris Faces of Lebanon Sects Wars and Global Extensions Princeton Series on the Middle East Markus Wiener Publishers Princeton 1997 ISBN 978 1558761155 1 55876 115 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Popular Nasserist Organization amp oldid 1175421462, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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