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The redemocratization of Brazil (Portuguese: abertura política, lit. 'political opening') was the 1974–1988 period of liberalization under the country's military regime, ending with the decline of the regime, the signing of the country's new constitution, and the transition to democracy.[1] Then-president Ernesto Geisel began the process of liberalization (nicknamed Portuguese: distensão) in 1974, by allowing for the Brazilian Democratic Movement opposition party's participation in congressional elections. He worked to address human rights violations and began to undo the military dictatorship's founding legislation, the Institutional Acts, in 1978. General João Figueiredo, elected the next year, continued the transition to democracy, freeing the last political prisoners in 1980, instituting direct elections in 1982. The 1985 election of a ruling opposition party marked the military dictatorship's end. The process of liberalization ultimately was successful, culminating with the promulgation of the 1988 Brazilian Constitution.[2]
The democratization's historiography shows disagreement as to whether the opening was spurred more by divisions among the country's elite or by pressure from civil society, including church grassroots, new unionism, and opposition voters.[3]
Hagopian, Frances (2007). "The Traditional Political Elite and the Transition to Democracy". Traditional Politics and Regime Change in Brazil. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-521-03288-9.
Orme, John (1988). "Dismounting the Tiger: Lessons from Four Liberalizations". Political Science Quarterly. 103 (2): 245–265. doi:10.2307/2151183. ISSN 0032-3195. JSTOR 2151183.
Further readingedit
Levine, Robert M. (1976). "Brazil: The Aftermath of 'Decompression'". Current History. 70 (413): 53–81. ISSN 0011-3530. JSTOR 45314159.
Mainwaring, Scott; Viola, Eduardo J. (1985). "TRANSITIONS TO DEMOCRACY: Brazil and Argentina in the 1980s". Journal of International Affairs. 38 (2): 193–219. ISSN 0022-197X. JSTOR 24356910.
Mainwaring, Scott (1986). "The Transition to Democracy in Brazil". Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs. 28 (1): 149–179. doi:10.2307/165739. ISSN 0022-1937. JSTOR 165739.
Porto, Mauro (2012). "Telenovelas, Symbolic Representation and National Identity". Media Power and Democratization in Brazil: TV Globo and the Dilemmas of Political Accountability. Routledge. pp. 122–144. ISBN978-1-136-31632-6.
April 12, 2024
redemocratization, brazil, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, portuguese, click, show, important, translation, instructions, machine, translation, like, deepl, google, translate, useful, starting, point, translat. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Portuguese Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 1 519 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Wikipedia article at pt Abertura politica see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated pt Abertura politica to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The redemocratization of Brazil Portuguese abertura politica lit political opening was the 1974 1988 period of liberalization under the country s military regime ending with the decline of the regime the signing of the country s new constitution and the transition to democracy 1 Then president Ernesto Geisel began the process of liberalization nicknamed Portuguese distensao in 1974 by allowing for the Brazilian Democratic Movement opposition party s participation in congressional elections He worked to address human rights violations and began to undo the military dictatorship s founding legislation the Institutional Acts in 1978 General Joao Figueiredo elected the next year continued the transition to democracy freeing the last political prisoners in 1980 instituting direct elections in 1982 The 1985 election of a ruling opposition party marked the military dictatorship s end The process of liberalization ultimately was successful culminating with the promulgation of the 1988 Brazilian Constitution 2 The democratization s historiography shows disagreement as to whether the opening was spurred more by divisions among the country s elite or by pressure from civil society including church grassroots new unionism and opposition voters 3 Contents 1 See also 2 References 3 Bibliography 4 Further readingSee also editHistory of Brazil since 1985References edit Tosta Antonio Luciano de Andrade Coutinho Eduardo F 2015 Brazil ABC CLIO p 353 ISBN 978 1 61069 258 8 Orme 1988 pp 247 248 Hagopian 2007 pp 212 213 Bibliography editHagopian Frances 2007 The Traditional Political Elite and the Transition to Democracy Traditional Politics and Regime Change in Brazil Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 03288 9 Orme John 1988 Dismounting the Tiger Lessons from Four Liberalizations Political Science Quarterly 103 2 245 265 doi 10 2307 2151183 ISSN 0032 3195 JSTOR 2151183 Further reading editLevine Robert M 1976 Brazil The Aftermath of Decompression Current History 70 413 53 81 ISSN 0011 3530 JSTOR 45314159 Mainwaring Scott Viola Eduardo J 1985 TRANSITIONS TO DEMOCRACY Brazil and Argentina in the 1980s Journal of International Affairs 38 2 193 219 ISSN 0022 197X JSTOR 24356910 Mainwaring Scott 1986 The Transition to Democracy in Brazil Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 28 1 149 179 doi 10 2307 165739 ISSN 0022 1937 JSTOR 165739 Porto Mauro 2012 Telenovelas Symbolic Representation and National Identity Media Power and Democratization in Brazil TV Globo and the Dilemmas of Political Accountability Routledge pp 122 144 ISBN 978 1 136 31632 6 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Redemocratization in Brazil amp oldid 1179431173, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
