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NGC 6357

February 16, 2023

NGC 6357 is a diffuse nebula near NGC 6334 in the constellation Scorpius. The nebula contains many proto-stars shielded by dark discs of gas, and young stars wrapped in expanding "cocoons" or expanding gases surrounding these small stars. It is also known as the Lobster Nebula.[4][5] This nebula was given the name War and Peace Nebula by the Midcourse Space Experiment scientists because of its appearance, which, in infrared images the bright, western part resembles a dove, while the eastern part looks like a skull.[6] A petition by anime fans to rename it as the Madokami nebula, due to resemblance with a character, did not prosper.[7][8]

NGC 6357
Emission nebula
H II region
NGC 6357 composite image
Observation data: J2000 epoch
Right ascension17h 24m [1]
Declination−34° 20′[1]
Distance~5900±450[2] ly   (1800±140 pc)
ConstellationScorpius[3]
DesignationsWar and Peace Nebula,[1] Lobster Nebula [4] Sharpless 11, RCW 131, Gum 66, Madokami
See also: Lists of nebulae

It is located about ~5,500 light years away from Earth.[9]

Associated open clusters

Pismis 24

 
A Hubble Space Telescope (HST) image of Pismis 24-1, the "core" of NGC 6357.
 
Dark Energy Camera captures the star-forming nebula NGC 6357

This nebula includes the open cluster Pismis 24, which is home to several massive stars. One of the brightest stars in the cluster, Pismis 24-1, was thought possibly to be the most massive on record, approaching 300 solar masses, until it was discovered to be a multiple system of at least three stars; component stars would still remain near 100 solar masses each, making them among the more massive stars on record.[10][11]

G353.2+0.7

The young stellar cluster G353.2+0.7 lies east of Pismis 24 and was revealed by a Chandra X-ray image showing approximately 800 stars.[12]

G353.1+0.6

The young stellar cluster G353.1+0.6 lies southeast of Pismis 24 and also contains approximately 800 stars detected by X-ray.[12] The region includes several O-type stars, including [BDSB2003] 10.[13]

Massive stars

NGC 6357 is one of the most prominent sites of massive-star formation in our neighborhood of the Milky Way. A variety of early O-type stars reside in this nebula, blowing the bubbles around the star clusters that can be seen in the molecular cloud.

Prominent stars in Pismis 24[14]
Star name Spectral type Magnitude
(Mbol) 		Temperature[15]
(K) 		Radius
(R☉) 		Mass
(M☉)
WR 93 (HD 157504) WC7 -11.2 71,000 10 120
Pismis 24-1NE O3.5 If* −10.0 42,000 17 74
Pismis 24-1SW O4 III −9.8 41,500 16 66
Pismis 24-2 O5.5 V(f) −8.9 40,000 12 43
Pismis 24-3 O8 V −7.7 33,400 9 25
Pismis 24-10 O9 V −7.2 31,500 8 20
Pismis 24-12 B1 V −5.3 30,000 4 11
Pismis 24-13 O6.5 III((f)) −8.6 35,600 12 35
Pismis 24-15 O8 V −7.8 33,400 10 25
Pismis 24-16 O7.5 V −9.0 34,000 16 38
Pismis 24-17 O3.5 III −10.1 42,700 17 78
Pismis 24-18 B0.5 V −6.4 30,000 6 15
Pismis 24-19 B0.5 V −5.4 30,000 4 11

References

  1. ^ a b c "NGC 6357". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
  2. ^ Kuhn, Michael A.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; Sills, Alison; Feigelson, Eric D.; Getman, Konstantin V. (2018). "Kinematics in Young Star Clusters and Associations with Gaia DR2". The Astrophysical Journal. 870 (1): 32. arXiv:1807.02115. Bibcode:2019ApJ...870...32K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaef8c. S2CID 119328315.
  3. ^ R. W. Sinnott, ed. (1988). The Complete New General Catalogue and Index Catalogue of Nebulae and Star Clusters by J. L. E. Dreyer. Sky Publishing Corporation and Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-933346-51-2.
  4. ^ a b Sample, Ian (20 February 2013). "Lobster Nebula – birthplace of stars – revealed in infrared". the Guardian.
  5. ^ "Lobster Nebula Seen with ESO's VISTA Telescope Space Wallpaper".
  6. ^ "2MASS Picture of the Week Archive Captions".
  7. ^ "There Is A New Petition To Name A Nebula After "Ultimate Madoka"". crunchyroll.com.
  8. ^ "NGC 6357. The Lobster Nebula". astrodrudis.com.
  9. ^ "Winter Wonderland' Glows in Space as Nebula Is Wreathed in Wintry Colors". Space.com.
  10. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-04-04. Retrieved 2007-04-11.
  11. ^ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (19 December 2006). "NASA: Massive Stars in Open Cluster Pismis 24". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA.
  12. ^ a b Townsley, L. K.; et al. (2014). "The Massive Star-Forming Regions Omnibus X-Ray Catalog". Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 213 (1): 1. arXiv:1403.2576. Bibcode:2014ApJS..213....1T. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/213/1/1. S2CID 76658453.
  13. ^ Damke, G.; et al. (2006). "The open cluster G353.1+0.7 in NGC6357". Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica. 26: 180. Bibcode:2006RMxAC..26..180D.
  14. ^ Fang, M.; Van Boekel, R.; King, R. R.; Henning, T.; Bouwman, J.; Doi, Y.; Okamoto, Y. K.; Roccatagliata, V.; Sicilia-Aguilar, A. (2012). "Star formation and disk properties in Pismis 24". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 539: A119. arXiv:1201.0833. Bibcode:2012A&A...539A.119F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015914. S2CID 73612793.
  15. ^ Martins, F.; Schaerer, D.; Hillier, D. J. (2005). "A new calibration of stellar parameters of Galactic O stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 436 (3): 1049–1065. arXiv:astro-ph/0503346. Bibcode:2005A&A...436.1049M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042386. S2CID 39162419.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to NGC 6357.
  • European Southern Observatory infrared image
  • Slate blog about the nebula
  • APOD Pictures:
  1. Star Forming Region NGC 6357 showing complex interactions between interstellar winds, radiation pressures and magnetic fields.
  2. A Massive Star in NGC 6357 with a close-up of Pismis 24.
  3. NGC 6357: Cathedral to Massive Stars
  4. A Massive Star in NGC 6357
  5. NGC 6357: Cathedral to Massive Stars
  6. NGC 6357: The Lobster Nebula

February 16, 2023
6357, diffuse, nebula, near, 6334, constellation, scorpius, nebula, contains, many, proto, stars, shielded, dark, discs, young, stars, wrapped, expanding, cocoons, expanding, gases, surrounding, these, small, stars, also, known, lobster, nebula, this, nebula, . NGC 6357 is a diffuse nebula near NGC 6334 in the constellation Scorpius The nebula contains many proto stars shielded by dark discs of gas and young stars wrapped in expanding cocoons or expanding gases surrounding these small stars It is also known as the Lobster Nebula 4 5 This nebula was given the name War and Peace Nebula by the Midcourse Space Experiment scientists because of its appearance which in infrared images the bright western part resembles a dove while the eastern part looks like a skull 6 A petition by anime fans to rename it as the Madokami nebula due to resemblance with a character did not prosper 7 8 NGC 6357Emission nebulaH II regionNGC 6357 composite imageObservation data J2000 epochRight ascension17h 24m 1 Declination 34 20 1 Distance 5900 450 2 ly 1800 140 pc ConstellationScorpius 3 DesignationsWar and Peace Nebula 1 Lobster Nebula 4 Sharpless 11 RCW 131 Gum 66 MadokamiSee also Lists of nebulaeIt is located about 5 500 light years away from Earth 9 Contents 1 Associated open clusters 1 1 Pismis 24 1 2 G353 2 0 7 1 3 G353 1 0 6 2 Massive stars 3 References 4 External linksAssociated open clusters EditPismis 24 Edit A Hubble Space Telescope HST image of Pismis 24 1 the core of NGC 6357 Dark Energy Camera captures the star forming nebula NGC 6357 This nebula includes the open cluster Pismis 24 which is home to several massive stars One of the brightest stars in the cluster Pismis 24 1 was thought possibly to be the most massive on record approaching 300 solar masses until it was discovered to be a multiple system of at least three stars component stars would still remain near 100 solar masses each making them among the more massive stars on record 10 11 G353 2 0 7 Edit The young stellar cluster G353 2 0 7 lies east of Pismis 24 and was revealed by a Chandra X ray image showing approximately 800 stars 12 G353 1 0 6 Edit The young stellar cluster G353 1 0 6 lies southeast of Pismis 24 and also contains approximately 800 stars detected by X ray 12 The region includes several O type stars including BDSB2003 10 13 Massive stars EditNGC 6357 is one of the most prominent sites of massive star formation in our neighborhood of the Milky Way A variety of early O type stars reside in this nebula blowing the bubbles around the star clusters that can be seen in the molecular cloud Prominent stars in Pismis 24 14 Star name Spectral type Magnitude Mbol Temperature 15 K Radius R Mass M WR 93 HD 157504 WC7 11 2 71 000 10 120Pismis 24 1NE O3 5 If 10 0 42 000 17 74Pismis 24 1SW O4 III 9 8 41 500 16 66Pismis 24 2 O5 5 V f 8 9 40 000 12 43Pismis 24 3 O8 V 7 7 33 400 9 25Pismis 24 10 O9 V 7 2 31 500 8 20Pismis 24 12 B1 V 5 3 30 000 4 11Pismis 24 13 O6 5 III f 8 6 35 600 12 35Pismis 24 15 O8 V 7 8 33 400 10 25Pismis 24 16 O7 5 V 9 0 34 000 16 38Pismis 24 17 O3 5 III 10 1 42 700 17 78Pismis 24 18 B0 5 V 6 4 30 000 6 15Pismis 24 19 B0 5 V 5 4 30 000 4 11References Edit a b c NGC 6357 SIMBAD Centre de donnees astronomiques de Strasbourg Retrieved 2007 05 03 Kuhn Michael A Hillenbrand Lynne A Sills Alison Feigelson Eric D Getman Konstantin V 2018 Kinematics in Young Star Clusters and Associations with Gaia DR2 The Astrophysical Journal 870 1 32 arXiv 1807 02115 Bibcode 2019ApJ 870 32K doi 10 3847 1538 4357 aaef8c S2CID 119328315 R W Sinnott ed 1988 The Complete New General Catalogue and Index Catalogue of Nebulae and Star Clusters by J L E Dreyer Sky Publishing Corporation and Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 933346 51 2 a b Sample Ian 20 February 2013 Lobster Nebula birthplace of stars revealed in infrared the Guardian Lobster Nebula Seen with ESO s VISTA Telescope Space Wallpaper 2MASS Picture of the Week Archive Captions There Is A New Petition To Name A Nebula After Ultimate Madoka crunchyroll com NGC 6357 The Lobster Nebula astrodrudis com Winter Wonderland Glows in Space as Nebula Is Wreathed in Wintry Colors Space com ESA Science amp Technology Star on a Hubble diet NGC 6357 Archived from the original on 2007 04 04 Retrieved 2007 04 11 Nemiroff R Bonnell J eds 19 December 2006 NASA Massive Stars in Open Cluster Pismis 24 Astronomy Picture of the Day NASA a b Townsley L K et al 2014 The Massive Star Forming Regions Omnibus X Ray Catalog Astrophysical Journal Supplement 213 1 1 arXiv 1403 2576 Bibcode 2014ApJS 213 1T doi 10 1088 0067 0049 213 1 1 S2CID 76658453 Damke G et al 2006 The open cluster G353 1 0 7 in NGC6357 Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica 26 180 Bibcode 2006RMxAC 26 180D Fang M Van Boekel R King R R Henning T Bouwman J Doi Y Okamoto Y K Roccatagliata V Sicilia Aguilar A 2012 Star formation and disk properties in Pismis 24 Astronomy amp Astrophysics 539 A119 arXiv 1201 0833 Bibcode 2012A amp A 539A 119F doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201015914 S2CID 73612793 Martins F Schaerer D Hillier D J 2005 A new calibration of stellar parameters of Galactic O stars Astronomy and Astrophysics 436 3 1049 1065 arXiv astro ph 0503346 Bibcode 2005A amp A 436 1049M doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20042386 S2CID 39162419 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to NGC 6357 European Southern Observatory infrared image Slate blog about the nebula APOD Pictures Star Forming Region NGC 6357 showing complex interactions between interstellar winds radiation pressures and magnetic fields A Massive Star in NGC 6357 with a close up of Pismis 24 NGC 6357 Cathedral to Massive Stars A Massive Star in NGC 6357 NGC 6357 Cathedral to Massive Stars NGC 6357 The Lobster Nebula Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title NGC 6357 amp oldid 1134212683 Pismis 24, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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