Piranshahr
Piranshahr (Persian: پیرانشهر; Sorani Kurdish: پیرانشار, romanized: Pîranşar) is a city in the Central District of Piranshahr County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran, and serves as capital of the county.[3][4]
Piranshahr Persian: پیرانشهر | |
|---|---|
City | |
Piranshahr | |
| Coordinates: 36°41′44″N 45°08′48″E / 36.69556°N 45.14667°ECoordinates: 36°41′44″N 45°08′48″E / 36.69556°N 45.14667°E[1] | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | West Azerbaijan |
| County | Piranshahr |
| District | Central |
| Population (2016)[2] | |
| • Total | 91,515 |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+4:30 (IRDT) |
| Area code | +984444 |
| Website | http://www.pirancity.net |
At the 2006 census, Piranshahr's population was 57,692 in 12,184 households.[5] The following census in 2011 counted 69,049 people in 16,407 households.[6] The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 91,515 people in 23,468 households.[2] Piranshahr is the center of the traditional region of Mukriyan.[7][8][9]
Etymology
According to the Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi, the name of the city is derived from the famous figure of Shahnameh Piran Viseh[10][11][12] Piran is a Turanian figure in Shahnameh, the national epic of Greater Iran. Beside Shahnameh, Piran is also mentioned in other sources such as Tabari and Tha'ālibī. He is the king of Khotan and the spahbed of Afrasiab, the king of Turan. He is described as a wise and intelligent man, seeking to bring peace to Iran and Turan. In old Iranian writings, Piran and Aghrirat are the only Turanians that have been described positively. Piran plays a vital role in the story of Siavash, the story of Kay Khosro and the story of Bizhan and Manizhe. In Persian culture, Piran is a symbol of wisdom.[13] It has been said that Karim Khan called Mohammad Khan Qajar "Piran Viseh".[13][14] Piran is often compared to Bozorgmehr.[12]
According to Djalal Khaleghi Motlagh, Piran may be the Median Harpagus that saved Cyrus the Great.[15]
Parsua civilization
The city of Piranshahr is a very ancient settlement. Its locale was the capital of some ancient Aryan civilizations such as Mehr, Parsua and the kingdoms of the Mannaeans.
According to Minorsky, the ancient Parsua is identical with the name of the town Pasveh, which is located in Lajan district (Bakhsh) in Piranshahr.[16] According to Minorsky, The name Persian is connected to the name of Parsua and Pasva and it is believed that the present day Persians (Persian speakers of Iran) dwelled in this district before later migrating to southern and central parts of Iran.
Pasveh is in the vicinity of Piranshahr. Pasva is a village near Piranshahr whose name, according to the Iranist Vladimir Minorsky has existed since the 9th century BC and was built by the "Parsua tribes". It was also mentioned in the records of the Assyrian ruler Shalmaneser III (reign 858-824 BC).[17]
Climate
Piranshahr's climate is classed under the Köppen climate classification as a humid continental climate (Dsa).
| Climate data for Piranshahr (1986-2005) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 2.5 (36.5) | 4.2 (39.6) | 9.5 (49.1) | 16.5 (61.7) | 22.0 (71.6) | 28.1 (82.6) | 32.1 (89.8) | 32.4 (90.3) | 28.1 (82.6) | 20.9 (69.6) | 12.3 (54.1) | 5.9 (42.6) | 17.9 (64.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.4 (29.5) | -0.0 (32.0) | 5.0 (41.0) | 11.1 (52.0) | 15.7 (60.3) | 20.5 (68.9) | 24.6 (76.3) | 24.5 (76.1) | 20.4 (68.7) | 14.6 (58.3) | 7.5 (45.5) | 1.9 (35.4) | 12.0 (53.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −5.3 (22.5) | −4.3 (24.3) | 0.4 (32.7) | 5.7 (42.3) | 9.3 (48.7) | 13.0 (55.4) | 17.2 (63.0) | 16.6 (61.9) | 12.6 (54.7) | 8.4 (47.1) | 2.6 (36.7) | −2.1 (28.2) | 6.2 (43.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 90.6 (3.57) | 101.1 (3.98) | 106.6 (4.20) | 96.8 (3.81) | 40.2 (1.58) | 5.5 (0.22) | 0.9 (0.04) | 1.4 (0.06) | 1.8 (0.07) | 37.0 (1.46) | 93.3 (3.67) | 97.5 (3.84) | 672.7 (26.5) |
| Source: [18] | |||||||||||||
Education
The main institutions of higher education in the area are Payame Noor University and Islamic Azad University.[19] The city is also home to a number of conservatories and art schools.
Demographics
According to Piranshahr's organization for Civil Registration, the highest average annual growth rate in the province is in Piranshahr.[20]
Law and government
The city's chief administrator is the mayor, who is elected by the municipal board of the city. According to Iranian laws the municipal board is periodically elected by the city residents.
Mayor: Kamran Fateh[21]
Governor: Ardavan Nasouti[22]
Friday prayer: Mamousta Mostafa Mahmoudi[23]
Majlis representative: Dr Rassoul Khezri[24]
References
- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (8 March 2023). "City, Oshnavieh County" (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- ^ a b . AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 04. Archived from the original (Excel) on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ . Iran-China Chamber of Commerce and Industries. 9 January 2010. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
- ^ . mefa.ir. Archived from the original on 19 January 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
- ^ . AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 04. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)" (Excel). Iran Data Portal (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 04. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 19 January 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
- ^ Douglass, Carl (1 January 2016). Though They Come from the Ends of the Earth: A Novel of the Iran Nuclear Weapons Interdiction Project. ISBN 9781594334597.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 12 January 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
- ^ Bashiri, Iraj. "Characters of Firdowsi's Shahname". Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ^ "مغز متفکر شاهنامه (تحلیلی بر شخصیت پیران ویسه)". noormags. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ^ a b "Piran in Shahnameh". Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ^ a b "Piran Viseh". Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ^ "دلبستگی مؤسس قاجاریه به شاهنامه/ شاهی که کریمخان وی را "پیران ویسه" نامید". IBNA.ir. 16 October 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ^ "Cyrus and Kay Khosro". Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ^ Gershevitch, I; Fisher, William Bayne; Boyle, John Andrew; Yarshater, Ehsan; Frye, Richard Nelson (1968). The Cambridge History of Iran. ISBN 9780521200912.
- ^ Minorsky, V (1957). "Mongol Place-Names in Mukri Kurdistan (Mongolica, 4)". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 19 (1): 58–81. doi:10.1017/s0041977x00119202. JSTOR 609632. S2CID 163135242.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
- ^ "دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی پیرانشهر". piranshahr-iau.ac.ir. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2006.
- ^ http://picity.net/
- ^ http://www.piranshahr-ag.ir/
- ^ . Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
- ^ http://drkhezri.ir/