Pipermethystine is a toxic alkaloid present in the aerial (aboveground) portions of the kava plant. It is not a kavalactone, containing no lactone structure. Correctly prepared kava root products will contain almost no pipermethystine.
Several studies suggest pipermethystine induces hepatotoxicity in humans, and was first believed to be the cause of liver failure in individuals consuming kava supplements, but not in proper root powder or fresh root, which is consumed in the traditional kava cultures of Polynesia.[1] Later analyses of the implicated drug materials and products revealed that medical kava extracts contain less than 45 ppm of this alkaloid, while the leaves contain about 0.2% (2000 ppm). Based on this retrospective study, pipermethystine is an unlikely cause for the observed hepatotoxicity of commercial kava preparations.[2]
Referencesedit
^Nerurkar, PV; et al. (2004). "In vitro toxicity of kava alkaloid, pipermethystine, in HepG2 cells compared to kavalactones". Toxicological Sciences. 79 (1): 106–111. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfh067. PMID 14737001.
^Lechtenberg M, Quandt B, Schmidt M, Nahrstedt A (2008). "Is the alkaloid pipermethystine connected with the claimed liver toxicity of Kava products?". Pharmazie. 63 (1): 71–4. PMID 18271308.
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pipermethystine, toxic, alkaloid, present, aerial, aboveground, portions, kava, plant, kavalactone, containing, lactone, structure, correctly, prepared, kava, root, products, will, contain, almost, pipermethystine, names, iupac, name, phenylpropanoyl, dihydrop. Pipermethystine is a toxic alkaloid present in the aerial aboveground portions of the kava plant It is not a kavalactone containing no lactone structure Correctly prepared kava root products will contain almost no pipermethystine Pipermethystine Names IUPAC name 3S 6 oxo 1 3 phenylpropanoyl 2 3 dihydropyridin 3 yl acetate Identifiers CAS Number 71627 22 0 Y375797 98 1 Y 3D model JSmol Interactive image ChemSpider 9406563 PubChem CID 11231515 UNII APX8C8S6AW Y InChI InChI 1S C16H17NO4 c1 12 18 21 14 8 10 16 20 17 11 14 15 19 9 7 13 5 3 2 4 6 13 h2 6 8 10 14H 7 9 11H2 1H3 t14 m0 s1Key JLNNQCUATONMIT AWEZNQCLSA NInChI 1 C16H17NO4 c1 12 18 21 14 8 10 16 20 17 11 14 15 19 9 7 13 5 3 2 4 6 13 h2 6 8 10 14H 7 9 11H2 1H3 t14 m0 s1Key JLNNQCUATONMIT AWEZNQCLBW SMILES O C N1C O C C C H OC O C C1 CCc2ccccc2 Properties Chemical formula C 16H 17N O 4 Molar mass 287 315 g mol 1 Except where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa Infobox referencesToxicity editSeveral studies suggest pipermethystine induces hepatotoxicity in humans and was first believed to be the cause of liver failure in individuals consuming kava supplements but not in proper root powder or fresh root which is consumed in the traditional kava cultures of Polynesia 1 Later analyses of the implicated drug materials and products revealed that medical kava extracts contain less than 45 ppm of this alkaloid while the leaves contain about 0 2 2000 ppm Based on this retrospective study pipermethystine is an unlikely cause for the observed hepatotoxicity of commercial kava preparations 2 References edit Nerurkar PV et al 2004 In vitro toxicity of kava alkaloid pipermethystine in HepG2 cells compared to kavalactones Toxicological Sciences 79 1 106 111 doi 10 1093 toxsci kfh067 PMID 14737001 Lechtenberg M Quandt B Schmidt M Nahrstedt A 2008 Is the alkaloid pipermethystine connected with the claimed liver toxicity of Kava products Pharmazie 63 1 71 4 PMID 18271308 nbsp This pharmacology related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pipermethystine amp oldid 1204368174, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
