The pināka vīnā (Hindi: पिनाक pinnak + Hindi: वीणा veena) was an Indian musical instrument, a musical bow that was itself played with a bow. It has also been transliterated pinaki vina and pinak.[2][3]
"The essential difference between this instrument and the been is that, in the place of chords it has but one string of wire, strongly stretched. To draw out the sound, a bow like that of a bass is prest upon this chord, at the same time that another part of it is struck or rubbed with a little stick.
It appeared similar to the rudra veena (also called "bīn" or "been"), with a long bar held over the musician's shoulder and resting on the ground, with large gourds attached at each end for resonators. However, where the rudra veena has multiple strings and frets, the pinaka vina had only one string made of wire and no frets.[1] Where the rudra veena was a stick zither (with a straight and rigid bar for the instrument's body), the pinaka vīnā was a musical bow (its body a long stick turned up at each end).
The instrument was sounded with a bow.[1] The musician chose notes with a stick held against the strings,[1] able to slide it up and down on the string, in the same way a bottle slides on a slide guitar's strings.
Ragaputra Sarang painting, from Bundi, showing "The Divine Musician plays a pinaki vīnā."
A bīn or kuplyans in Solvyn's 1799 publication. Plucked stick zither with two strings. The word kuplyans is "limited to Bengal."[4]
1808-1812. Illustration of a bīn, labeled "qaplious". Plucked stick zither.
Pinaka was the name of the bow (arrow-shooting variety) of Shiva. The musical bow pināka made it into literature by the 12th century C.E. in the Saraswati Hridayalankar or Bharatbhashya by Nanyadeva (1097–1133 C.E.) In the mid-12th century it was considered to be a very important instrument by Haripala, a Gujarati king (son of Karna). The instrument was recorded in 1456 as having a second resonator. By 1810 the instrument was rare, and much of our knowledge about its appearance comes from drawings made by Frans Balthazar Solvyns, an artist who illustrated many common scenes in the 1790s and early 1800s.[1]
As the pinak was a northern instrument, a bowed southern instrument also existed, the ravanahathastick zither. The pināka and ravanahatha are tied together in literature. As pināka was Shiva's bow, the ravanahatha was created in legend by the ascetic demon king Ravana, a devotee of Shiva.[1]
Referencesedit
^ abcdefJoep Bor (1986–1987). "The Voice of the Sarangi, An Illustrated History of Bowing in India". National Center for Performing Arts Quarterly Journal. 15 & 16: 38–47. [Three issues of this quarterly journal were combined into one; Volume 15 (issues 3 and 4) and Volume 16 (issue 1).]
^Alastair Dock (1984). "Pināk". In Sadie, Stanley (ed.). The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments. Volume 3.
^Sadie, Stanley, ed. (1984). "Vina". The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments. Volume 3. ...pināka or pinākī vīnā... the medieval Sanskrit pinākī and the later northern pināk is a bowed bow
^Robert L. Hardgrave, Jr. "François Balthazar Solvyns: A Flemish Artist in Bengal". IIAS Newsletter. International Institute for Asian Studies: 15.
January 01, 1970
pinaka, vina, pināka, vīnā, hindi, pinnak, hindi, veena, indian, musical, instrument, musical, that, itself, played, with, also, been, transliterated, pinaki, vina, pinak, pinak, bowed, musical, pinak, bīn, 1810, essential, difference, between, this, instrumen. The pinaka vina Hindi प न क pinnak Hindi व ण veena was an Indian musical instrument a musical bow that was itself played with a bow It has also been transliterated pinaki vina and pinak 2 3 Pinak a bowed musical bow Pinak vs bin 1810 The essential difference between this instrument and the been is that in the place of chords it has but one string of wire strongly stretched To draw out the sound a bow like that of a bass is prest upon this chord at the same time that another part of it is struck or rubbed with a little stick Frans Balthazar Solvyns 1 It appeared similar to the rudra veena also called bin or been with a long bar held over the musician s shoulder and resting on the ground with large gourds attached at each end for resonators However where the rudra veena has multiple strings and frets the pinaka vina had only one string made of wire and no frets 1 Where the rudra veena was a stick zither with a straight and rigid bar for the instrument s body the pinaka vina was a musical bow its body a long stick turned up at each end The instrument was sounded with a bow 1 The musician chose notes with a stick held against the strings 1 able to slide it up and down on the string in the same way a bottle slides on a slide guitar s strings Ragaputra Sarang painting from Bundi showing The Divine Musician plays a pinaki vina A bin or kuplyans in Solvyn s 1799 publication Plucked stick zither with two strings The word kuplyans is limited to Bengal 4 1808 1812 Illustration of a bin labeled qaplious Plucked stick zither India 1807 Pinak a bowed musical bow Origins editPinaka was the name of the bow arrow shooting variety of Shiva The musical bow pinaka made it into literature by the 12th century C E in the Saraswati Hridayalankar or Bharatbhashya by Nanyadeva 1097 1133 C E In the mid 12th century it was considered to be a very important instrument by Haripala a Gujarati king son of Karna The instrument was recorded in 1456 as having a second resonator By 1810 the instrument was rare and much of our knowledge about its appearance comes from drawings made by Frans Balthazar Solvyns an artist who illustrated many common scenes in the 1790s and early 1800s 1 As the pinak was a northern instrument a bowed southern instrument also existed the ravanahatha stick zither The pinaka and ravanahatha are tied together in literature As pinaka was Shiva s bow the ravanahatha was created in legend by the ascetic demon king Ravana a devotee of Shiva 1 References edit a b c d e f Joep Bor 1986 1987 The Voice of the Sarangi An Illustrated History of Bowing in India National Center for Performing Arts Quarterly Journal 15 amp 16 38 47 Three issues of this quarterly journal were combined into one Volume 15 issues 3 and 4 and Volume 16 issue 1 Alastair Dock 1984 Pinak In Sadie Stanley ed The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments Volume 3 Sadie Stanley ed 1984 Vina The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments Volume 3 pinaka or pinaki vina the medieval Sanskrit pinaki and the later northern pinak is a bowed bow Robert L Hardgrave Jr Francois Balthazar Solvyns A Flemish Artist in Bengal IIAS Newsletter International Institute for Asian Studies 15 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pinaka vina amp oldid 1087276588, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
