Vāraṇādrīśa, more commonly referred to as Pillai Lokacharya (Tamil: பிள்ளை லோகாசாரியார்) (1205–1311 CE), was a prominent Sri Vaishnava leader and philosopher who authored several works important to Vishishtadvaita philosophy.[1]
Lokacharya is described to be a pupil of Kalijit, and Krishnapada, his father.[2] At the beginning of the 14th century CE, when Tiruvarangam, his hometown, was greatly affected by the invasion of Malik Kafur from the north, he left Tiruvarangam with Utsavara to protect Nampillai, the Utsavara of Aranganatha temple, from foreigners, and was enthroned in 1311 CE at Jyotishkudi near Yanimalai village, near Madurai, in his 106th year.[3]
Philosophy
In his text of the Srivachana Bhushana, the acharya expresses his belief in the unconscious purification of human acts even in their physical and mental planes. A robber escaping from custody may go round a temple or any spiritual environment. Any sinner may call his friend, perhaps as a brother sinner but who in this country is as usual named after God. Pillai writes that God in writing the account of this soul gives credit for his having been in a holy environment and for his addressing the Lord by His name—“En uraicconnay, en peraicconnay”.[4]
Lokacharya believed that God's grace is spontaneous (nirhetu, 'without cause'), and should be sought not only through bhakti or active devotion, but met by prapatti, a passive acceptance of God's grace that is supposed to be freely given. Bhakti was instructed to be of the marjara (cat) type, as opposed to the clinging monkey type of the school of Desika. By this, he meant that man has merely to lay down his burdens and give himself up completely to God, like a kitten held in its mother's mouth. No exertion was regarded to be needed on the part of the devotee, and all he requires was supposed to be the spirit of complete and utter surrender. This reflects the views of the Alvars. Lokacharya is the author of several works called AshtadasaRahasyangal (Eighteen Secrets) which were added to by his disciples and influenced a large, if licentious, following. Due to his teachings, the Tenkalai school regards the Tamil Prabandham as canonical, and is indifferent to the Sanskrit tradition. This school adopted the unique doctrine of doshabhogya, ‘sin-enjoyment', which holds that God enjoys, and indeed encourages, sin, the pleasures of the flesh, and moral transgression, since these provide a vehicle for the operation of divine grace, forgiveness, and love.[5]
Works
The Ashtadasa Rahasyangal included eighteen texts, most of which were penned in Manipravalam (a mix of the Tamil and Sanskrit languages).
Mumukshupadi
Tatvatrayam
Artha Panjakam
Srivachana Bhushanam
Archiraadhi
Prameya Sekaram
Prapana Parithranam
Sara Sangraham
Samsara Samrajyam
Navarathnamaalai
Navavidha Sambandham
Yadhruchikapadi
Parandhapadi
Sriya Pathi Padi
Tatvashekaram
Thani Dvayam
Thani Charamam
Thani Pranavam
Pillai is best known for his three works composed in Sanskrit:[6]
Tattva-traya
The Tattva-traya is a significant volume of the Sri Vaishnava school of thought, in which the nature of the inanimate (acit), the souls, the nature of God, and their mutual relations are dealt with at length.
Tattva-Shekara
The Tattva-Shekhara is a text with four chapters. The first chapter quotes scriptural evidences that bolster the perspective that Narayana is the highest God, and the Ultimate Reality; in the second chapter, the philosopher describes the nature of self by once again referencing scriptural testimony. The identical description of the nature of self is continued in the third chapter. In the fourth chapter, he deals with the ultimate goal of all souls, which he states to be self-surrender to God. He says that the ultimate summum bonum (puruṣartha) consists in the servitude (kaiṅkarya) to God, roused by love of him (prīti-kārita), due to the knowledge of one’s own nature, as well as the nature of God in all his divine beauty, majesty, power, and supreme excellence.
Srivachana Bhushana
The main contents of Pillai Lokacharya’s Srivachana Bhushana follow in a separate section in connection with the account of the commentary on it, and additional commentary by Saumya Jamatar muni (junior) and Raghuttama. The Srivachana Bhushana includes 484 small sentences longer than the Sura-phrases, but is often shorter than ordinary philosophical sentences. Lokacharya followed this style in his other works as well, such as his Tattva-traya and Tattva-shekhara.
Death
Pillai Lokacharya is stated to have fallen ill due to a fall from a nearby hill (today known as Yanamalai) and passed away in the year 1311 CE. Upon his deathbed, he advised his disciples such as Koorakuloththama Dasa and Vilanjsolai Pillai that Srisailesa was working for the king at Madurai, and that they should bring him back into the Sri Vaishnava fold. His samadhi temple still exists, present 1 km from the Narasimha temple at Othakadai, near Madurai.
According to legend, as he was dying, he started touching the ants and other such insects near him, with the belief that all those animals that were touched by a Sri Vaishnava would reach Vaikuntha, the abode of Vishnu. This is taken as a demonstration of his compassion towards all living beings. Pillai Lokacharya lived to the age of 118 years before his demise.
Legacy
One of Pillai Lokacharya's best known disciples was Manavala Mamunigal, who was a radical proponent of Sri Vaishnavism, and is revered prominently in the Tenkalai (southern art) denomination.[7]
^Yaanamalai Narasimhar Thirukovil at Madurai and Jyothishkudi
^www.wisdomlib.org (20 July 2020). "Grace And Ethics [Chapter 3]". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
^Walker, Benjamin (9 April 2019). Hindu World: An Encyclopedic Survey of Hinduism. In Two Volumes. Volume I A-L. Routledge. p. 606. ISBN978-0-429-62465-0.
^www.wisdomlib.org (30 March 2017). "The Influence of the Āḻvārs on the followers of Rāmānuja [Part 5]". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
^University, Vijaya Ramaswamy, Jawaharlal Nehru (25 August 2017). Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 215. ISBN978-1-5381-0686-0.
External links
God according to Rāmānuja, Veṅkaṭanātha and Lokācārya, Surendranath Dasgupta, 1940
Pillai Lokacharya life history and works – from acharya.org
Vedics Foundation
Pillai Lokacharya
January 13, 2023
pillai, lokacharya, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, january. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Pillai Lokacharya news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Varaṇadrisa more commonly referred to as Pillai Lokacharya Tamil ப ள ள ல க ச ர ய ர 1205 1311 CE was a prominent Sri Vaishnava leader and philosopher who authored several works important to Vishishtadvaita philosophy 1 Pillai LokacharyaIdol of LokacharyaTitleAcharyaPersonalBorn1205 CETiruchiDied1311 CEMaduraiReligionHinduismParentKrishnapadaDenominationSri VaishnavismNotable work s Attva trayaTattva sekharaSrivacana bhuṣaṇaPhilosophyVishishtadvaita Contents 1 Early life 2 Philosophy 3 Works 3 1 Tattva traya 3 2 Tattva Shekara 3 3 Srivachana Bhushana 4 Death 5 Legacy 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksEarly life EditLokacharya is described to be a pupil of Kalijit and Krishnapada his father 2 At the beginning of the 14th century CE when Tiruvarangam his hometown was greatly affected by the invasion of Malik Kafur from the north he left Tiruvarangam with Utsavara to protect Nampillai the Utsavara of Aranganatha temple from foreigners and was enthroned in 1311 CE at Jyotishkudi near Yanimalai village near Madurai in his 106th year 3 Philosophy EditIn his text of the Srivachana Bhushana the acharya expresses his belief in the unconscious purification of human acts even in their physical and mental planes A robber escaping from custody may go round a temple or any spiritual environment Any sinner may call his friend perhaps as a brother sinner but who in this country is as usual named after God Pillai writes that God in writing the account of this soul gives credit for his having been in a holy environment and for his addressing the Lord by His name En uraicconnay en peraicconnay 4 Lokacharya believed that God s grace is spontaneous nirhetu without cause and should be sought not only through bhakti or active devotion but met by prapatti a passive acceptance of God s grace that is supposed to be freely given Bhakti was instructed to be of the marjara cat type as opposed to the clinging monkey type of the school of Desika By this he meant that man has merely to lay down his burdens and give himself up completely to God like a kitten held in its mother s mouth No exertion was regarded to be needed on the part of the devotee and all he requires was supposed to be the spirit of complete and utter surrender This reflects the views of the Alvars Lokacharya is the author of several works called Ashtadasa Rahasyangal Eighteen Secrets which were added to by his disciples and influenced a large if licentious following Due to his teachings the Tenkalai school regards the Tamil Prabandham as canonical and is indifferent to the Sanskrit tradition This school adopted the unique doctrine of doshabhogya sin enjoyment which holds that God enjoys and indeed encourages sin the pleasures of the flesh and moral transgression since these provide a vehicle for the operation of divine grace forgiveness and love 5 Works EditThe Ashtadasa Rahasyangal included eighteen texts most of which were penned in Manipravalam a mix of the Tamil and Sanskrit languages Mumukshupadi Tatvatrayam Artha Panjakam Srivachana Bhushanam Archiraadhi Prameya Sekaram Prapana Parithranam Sara Sangraham Samsara Samrajyam Navarathnamaalai Navavidha Sambandham Yadhruchikapadi Parandhapadi Sriya Pathi Padi Tatvashekaram Thani Dvayam Thani Charamam Thani PranavamPillai is best known for his three works composed in Sanskrit 6 Tattva traya Edit The Tattva traya is a significant volume of the Sri Vaishnava school of thought in which the nature of the inanimate acit the souls the nature of God and their mutual relations are dealt with at length Tattva Shekara Edit The Tattva Shekhara is a text with four chapters The first chapter quotes scriptural evidences that bolster the perspective that Narayana is the highest God and the Ultimate Reality in the second chapter the philosopher describes the nature of self by once again referencing scriptural testimony The identical description of the nature of self is continued in the third chapter In the fourth chapter he deals with the ultimate goal of all souls which he states to be self surrender to God He says that the ultimate summum bonum puruṣartha consists in the servitude kaiṅkarya to God roused by love of him priti karita due to the knowledge of one s own nature as well as the nature of God in all his divine beauty majesty power and supreme excellence Srivachana Bhushana Edit The main contents of Pillai Lokacharya s Srivachana Bhushana follow in a separate section in connection with the account of the commentary on it and additional commentary by Saumya Jamatar muni junior and Raghuttama The Srivachana Bhushana includes 484 small sentences longer than the Sura phrases but is often shorter than ordinary philosophical sentences Lokacharya followed this style in his other works as well such as his Tattva traya and Tattva shekhara Death EditPillai Lokacharya is stated to have fallen ill due to a fall from a nearby hill today known as Yanamalai and passed away in the year 1311 CE Upon his deathbed he advised his disciples such as Koorakuloththama Dasa and Vilanjsolai Pillai that Srisailesa was working for the king at Madurai and that they should bring him back into the Sri Vaishnava fold His samadhi temple still exists present 1 km from the Narasimha temple at Othakadai near Madurai According to legend as he was dying he started touching the ants and other such insects near him with the belief that all those animals that were touched by a Sri Vaishnava would reach Vaikuntha the abode of Vishnu This is taken as a demonstration of his compassion towards all living beings Pillai Lokacharya lived to the age of 118 years before his demise Legacy EditOne of Pillai Lokacharya s best known disciples was Manavala Mamunigal who was a radical proponent of Sri Vaishnavism and is revered prominently in the Tenkalai southern art denomination 7 See also EditRamanuja Manavala MamunigalReferences Edit Pillai Lokacharya s magnum opus The Hindu piLLai lOkAchAryar Yaanamalai Narasimhar Thirukovil at Madurai and Jyothishkudi www wisdomlib org 20 July 2020 Grace And Ethics Chapter 3 www wisdomlib org Retrieved 12 August 2022 Walker Benjamin 9 April 2019 Hindu World An Encyclopedic Survey of Hinduism In Two Volumes Volume I A L Routledge p 606 ISBN 978 0 429 62465 0 www wisdomlib org 30 March 2017 The Influence of the Aḻvars on the followers of Ramanuja Part 5 www wisdomlib org Retrieved 12 August 2022 University Vijaya Ramaswamy Jawaharlal Nehru 25 August 2017 Historical Dictionary of the Tamils Rowman amp Littlefield p 215 ISBN 978 1 5381 0686 0 External links EditGod according to Ramanuja Veṅkaṭanatha and Lokacarya Surendranath Dasgupta 1940 Pillai Lokacharya life history and works from acharya org Srivaishnava org Vedics Foundation Pillai Lokacharya Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pillai Lokacharya amp oldid 1119636610, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
