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Pico Iyer

Siddharth Pico Raghavan Iyer (born 11 February 1957), known as Pico Iyer, is a British-born essayist and novelist known chiefly for his travel writing. He is the author of numerous books on crossing cultures including Video Night in Kathmandu, The Lady and the Monk and The Global Soul. He has been a contributor to Time, Harper's, The New York Review of Books, and The New York Times.

Pico Iyer
Iyer in 2012
BornSiddharth Pico Raghavan Iyer[1]
(1957-02-11) 11 February 1957 (age 65)[2]
Oxford, England
OccupationEssayist, novelist
GenreNon-fiction/fiction
Notable awardsGuggenheim Fellowship, 2005 Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters, Chapman University 2017.
RelativesRaghavan N. Iyer (father, deceased)
Nandini Iyer (mother)
Hiroko Takeuchi (wife)
Website
picoiyerjourneys.com

Early life

Iyer was born Siddharth Pico Raghavan Iyer in Oxford, England, the son of Indian parents. His father was Raghavan N. Iyer, a philosopher and political theorist then enrolled in doctoral studies at the University of Oxford.[1][3] His mother is the religious scholar Nandini Nanak Mehta.[1] He is the great-great-grandson of Indian Gujarati writer Mahipatram Nilkanth.[4][5] Both of his parents grew up in India then went to England for tertiary education.[6] His name is a combination of the Buddha's name, Siddhartha and that of the Italian Renaissance philosopher Pico della Mirandola.[7]

When Iyer was seven, in 1964, his family moved to California, when his father started working with the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, a California-based think tank, and started teaching at University of California, Santa Barbara.[6][8][9] For over a decade, Iyer moved between schools and college in England and his parents' home in California.[7]

He was a King's Scholar at Eton College, and studied at Magdalen College, Oxford and was awarded a congratulatory double first in English literature in 1978. He then received an A.M. in literature from Harvard University in 1980. He received the [Oxford MA] in 1982. In 2017, along with Plácido Domingo and Mario Vargas Llosa, he was awarded an honorary doctorate (in Humane Letters) by Chapman University.[citation needed]

Career

Iyer taught writing and literature at Harvard before joining Time in 1982 as a writer on world affairs. Since then he has travelled widely, from North Korea to Easter Island, and from Paraguay to Ethiopia, while writing works of non-fiction and two novels, including Video Night in Kathmandu (1988), The Lady and the Monk (1991), The Global Soul (2000) and The Man Within My Head (2012). He is also a frequent speaker at literary festivals and universities around the world. He delivered popular TED talks in 2013, 2014, 2016 and 2019 [see ted.com] and has twice been a Fellow at the World Economic Forum in Davos. He appeared in a commercial for "Incredible India" in 2007.[citation needed]

In 2019, he served as Ferris Professor of Journalism at Princeton University, Guest Director of the Telluride Film Festival.[10][11] He was also the first writer-in-residence at Raffles Hotel Singapore, where he released his book This Could be Home (2019), which explores Singapore's heritage through its landmarks.[12]

Writing themes

Iyer's writings build on his growing up in a combination of English, American, and Indian cultures. Travel is a key theme in most of his works. In one of his works, The Global Soul (2000) he takes on the international airport as a central subject, along with associated jet lag, displacement and cultural mingling. As a travel writer, he often writes of living between the cracks and outside fixed categories. Many of his books have been about trying to see from within some society or way of life, but from an outsider's perspective. He has filed stories from Bhutan, Nepal, Ethiopia, Cuba, Argentina, Japan, and North Korea[13] Some of the topics that he explores in his works include revolution in Cuba, Sufism, Buddhist Kyoto, and global disorientation. In his own words from a 1993 article in Harper's, "I am a multinational soul on a multinational globe on which more and more countries are as polyglot and restless as airports. Taking planes seems as natural to me as picking up the phone or going to school; I fold up my self and carry it around as if it were an overnight bag."[14] His writing alternating between the monastery and the airport, the Indian writer Pradeep Sebastian writes about Iyer, as "Thomas Merton on a frequent flier pass aiming to bring new global energies and possibilities into non-fiction".[15]

He has written numerous pieces on world affairs for Time, including cover stories, and the "Woman of the Year" story on Corazon Aquino in 1986.[16][17] He has written on literature for The New York Review of Books; on globalism for Harper's; on travel for the Financial Times; and on many other themes for The New York Times, National Geographic, The Times Literary Supplement, contributing up to a hundred articles a year to various publications.[18] He has contributed liner-notes for four Leonard Cohen albums. His books have appeared in 23 languages so far, including Turkish, Russian, and Indonesian. He has also written introductions to more than 70 books, including works by R. K. Narayan, Somerset Maugham, Graham Greene, Michael Ondaatje, Peter Matthiessen, and Isamu Noguchi.[19] He also writes regularly on sport, film, religion and the convergence of mysticism and globalism.[citation needed]

He has appeared seven times in the annual Best Spiritual Writing anthology,[20] and three times in the annual Best American Travel Writing anthology,[21] and has served as guest editor for both.[22] He has also appeared in the Best American Essays anthology.[23]

The Utne Reader named him in 1995 as one of 100 Visionaries worldwide who could change your life,[24] while the New Yorker observed that "As a guide to far-flung places, Pico Iyer can hardly be surpassed."[25]

Personal life

Iyer has been based since 1992 in Nara, Japan,[26] where he lives with his Japanese wife, Hiroko Takeuchi,[2][27] and her two children from an earlier marriage. His book, The Lady and the Monk (1991), was a memoir and a reflection of his relationship with Takeuchi.[28] His family home in Santa Barbara burned down due to a wildfire in 1990. Reflecting on this event, in his words, “For more and more of us, home has really less to do with a piece of soil, than you could say, with a piece of soul.” He splits his time between Japan, and California. Asked if he feels rooted and accepted as a foreigner (regarding his current life in Japan) Iyer notes:

"Japan is therefore an ideal place because I never will be a true citizen here, and will always be an outsider, however long I live here and however well I speak the language. And the society around me is as comfortable with that as I am… I am not rooted in a place, I think, so much as in certain values and affiliations and friendships that I carry everywhere I go; my home is both invisible and portable. But I would gladly stay in this physical location for the rest of my life, and there is nothing in life that I want that it doesn’t have."[29]

Iyer has known the 14th Dalai Lama since he was in his late teens, when he accompanied his father to Dharamshala, India, in 1974. In discussions about his spirituality, Iyer has mentioned not having a formal meditation practice, but practicing regular solitude, visiting a remote hermitage near Big Sur several times a year.[30]

Bibliography

Books

  • Iyer, Pico (1984). The recovery of innocence. London: Concord Grove Press.
  • — (July 1988). Video night in Kathmandu : and other reports from the not-so-far East. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-394-55027-7.
  • — (August 1991). The lady and the monk : four seasons in Kyoto. New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-0-679-40308-1.
  • — (April 1993). Falling off the map : some lonely places of the world. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 0-679-74612-9.
  • — (April 1995). Cuba and the night : a novel. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-679-44052-6.
  • — (April 1997). Tropical classical : Essays from Several Directions. New York: A.A. Knopf. ISBN 0-679-45432-2.
  • — (February 2000). The global soul : jet lag, shopping malls, and the search for home. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-679-45433-0.
  • — (January 2001). Imagining Canada : an outsider's hope for a global future. Toronto: Hart House, University of Toronto. ISBN 0-9694382-1-4.
  • — (April 2004). Abandon : a romance. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 1-4000-3085-4.
  • — (2004). Sun after dark : flights into the foreign. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-375-41506-8.
  • — (2008). The open road : the global journey of the fourteenth Dalai Lama. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-26760-3.
  • — (2012). The man within my head. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-26761-0.
  • — (4 November 2014). The art of stillness : adventures in going nowhere. Eydís Einarsdóttir (First TED books hardcover ed.). New York. ISBN 978-1-4767-8472-4.
  • — (2019). Autumn light : season of fire and farewells (First ed.). New York. ISBN 978-0-451-49393-4.
  • — (30 July 2019). This could be home : Raffles Hotel and the city of tomorrow. Singapore. ISBN 978-1-912098-55-2.
  • — (2 June 2020). A beginner's guide to Japan : observations and provocations (First Vintage Departures ed.). New York. ISBN 978-1-101-97347-9.

Essays

  • Iyer, Pico (12 January 2015). "Whispers from a friend". Outlook. 55 (1): 20–22. Retrieved 6 January 2016.

Book reviews

Year Review article Work(s) reviewed
2007 Iyer, Pico (June 28, 2007). "'A new kind of mongrel fiction'". The New York Review of Books. 54 (11): 36–37, 40–41. Ondaatje, Michael (2007). Divisadero. McClelland and Stewart.

Selected introductions

Notes

  1. ^ a b c "Raghavan Iyer, Political Science: Santa Barbara, 1930-1995", Calisphere, University of California.
  2. ^ a b Mark Medley (13 February 2012). "Being Greene: Pico Iyer evokes his 'literary father' in The Man Within My Head". National Post. Archived from the original on 16 February 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  3. ^ Rukun Advani, , The Hindu, 27 April 2003.
  4. ^ John, Paul (8 December 2013). "The itchy feet gene". The Times of India. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
  5. ^ Paul, John. "Pico Iyer's Gujarati genes revealed". The Times of India. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
  6. ^ a b "Pico Iyer: On Travel and Travel Writing". World Hum. 30 November 2006. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  7. ^ a b "Pico Iyer — The Urgency of Slowing Down". The On Being Project. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
  8. ^ Tam Dalyell (10 July 1995). "OBITUARY:Raghavan Iyer". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  9. ^ Saxon, Wolfgang (24 June 1995). "Raghavan Narasimhan Iyer, 65, An Expert on East-West Cultures". The New York Times.
  10. ^ "Pico Iyer — Journalism". journalism.princeton.edu. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
  11. ^ "46th Annual Telluride Film Festival: Guest Director Pico Iyer". Telluride Inside... and Out. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
  12. ^ "Raffles Writers Residency - Pico Iyer | British Council Singapore". www.britishcouncil.sg. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
  13. ^ "Pico Iyer". The Gould Center for Humanistic Studies. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
  14. ^ April 1993 issue of Harper's.
  15. ^ The Hindu, 7 November 2006.
  16. ^ List of articles in Time.
  17. ^ Pico Iyer (5 January 1987). . Time Magazine. Archived from the original on 20 December 2007. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
  18. ^ program for Dalai Lama appearance at New York Town Hall, May 2009.
  19. ^ Full listing at "About Pico Iyer", picoiyerjourneys.com.
  20. ^ Volumes for 1999, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012.
  21. ^ Volumes for 2001, 2006, 2012.
  22. ^ Best American Travel Writing 2004; Best Spiritual Writing 2010.
  23. ^ 2011 edition.
  24. ^ Utne Reader, January/February 1995.
  25. ^ The New Yorker, May 1997 issue on Indian writing, "Briefly Noted".[page needed]
  26. ^ "About Pico Iyer". Pico Iyer Journeys. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  27. ^ Iyer 2008, p. 274.
  28. ^ Altman, Anna. "Pico Iyer's Japanese Love Story, from Spring to "Autumn Light"". The New Yorker. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
  29. ^ Brenner, Angie; "Global Writer, Heart & Soul – Interview with Pico Iyer", Wild River Review, 19 November 2007.
  30. ^ "Pico Iyer Journeys". Pico Iyers Journeys. Retrieved 21 March 2020.

Further consideration

  • Strayed, Cheryl (15 April 2020). "'Joyful Participation in a World of Sorrows'". The New York Times.

External links

  • picoiyerjourneys.com – Official website
  • An interview with Pico Iyer in Nara, Japan on Notebook on Cities and Culture
  • An interview with Pico Iyer in Los Angeles on Notebook on Cities and Culture
  • Pico Iyer at TED  
  • Pico Iyer, "The mysterious man who gave me Japan", BBC Travel, 20 April 2017.

pico, iyer, siddharth, pico, raghavan, iyer, born, february, 1957, known, british, born, essayist, novelist, known, chiefly, travel, writing, author, numerous, books, crossing, cultures, including, video, night, kathmandu, lady, monk, global, soul, been, contr. Siddharth Pico Raghavan Iyer born 11 February 1957 known as Pico Iyer is a British born essayist and novelist known chiefly for his travel writing He is the author of numerous books on crossing cultures including Video Night in Kathmandu The Lady and the Monk and The Global Soul He has been a contributor to Time Harper s The New York Review of Books and The New York Times Pico IyerIyer in 2012BornSiddharth Pico Raghavan Iyer 1 1957 02 11 11 February 1957 age 65 2 Oxford EnglandOccupationEssayist novelistGenreNon fiction fictionNotable awardsGuggenheim Fellowship 2005 Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters Chapman University 2017 RelativesRaghavan N Iyer father deceased Nandini Iyer mother Hiroko Takeuchi wife Websitepicoiyerjourneys wbr com Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 Writing themes 4 Personal life 5 Bibliography 5 1 Books 5 2 Essays 5 3 Book reviews 5 4 Selected introductions 6 Notes 7 Further consideration 8 External linksEarly life EditIyer was born Siddharth Pico Raghavan Iyer in Oxford England the son of Indian parents His father was Raghavan N Iyer a philosopher and political theorist then enrolled in doctoral studies at the University of Oxford 1 3 His mother is the religious scholar Nandini Nanak Mehta 1 He is the great great grandson of Indian Gujarati writer Mahipatram Nilkanth 4 5 Both of his parents grew up in India then went to England for tertiary education 6 His name is a combination of the Buddha s name Siddhartha and that of the Italian Renaissance philosopher Pico della Mirandola 7 When Iyer was seven in 1964 his family moved to California when his father started working with the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions a California based think tank and started teaching at University of California Santa Barbara 6 8 9 For over a decade Iyer moved between schools and college in England and his parents home in California 7 He was a King s Scholar at Eton College and studied at Magdalen College Oxford and was awarded a congratulatory double first in English literature in 1978 He then received an A M in literature from Harvard University in 1980 He received the Oxford MA in 1982 In 2017 along with Placido Domingo and Mario Vargas Llosa he was awarded an honorary doctorate in Humane Letters by Chapman University citation needed Career EditIyer taught writing and literature at Harvard before joining Time in 1982 as a writer on world affairs Since then he has travelled widely from North Korea to Easter Island and from Paraguay to Ethiopia while writing works of non fiction and two novels including Video Night in Kathmandu 1988 The Lady and the Monk 1991 The Global Soul 2000 and The Man Within My Head 2012 He is also a frequent speaker at literary festivals and universities around the world He delivered popular TED talks in 2013 2014 2016 and 2019 see ted com and has twice been a Fellow at the World Economic Forum in Davos He appeared in a commercial for Incredible India in 2007 citation needed In 2019 he served as Ferris Professor of Journalism at Princeton University Guest Director of the Telluride Film Festival 10 11 He was also the first writer in residence at Raffles Hotel Singapore where he released his book This Could be Home 2019 which explores Singapore s heritage through its landmarks 12 Writing themes EditIyer s writings build on his growing up in a combination of English American and Indian cultures Travel is a key theme in most of his works In one of his works The Global Soul 2000 he takes on the international airport as a central subject along with associated jet lag displacement and cultural mingling As a travel writer he often writes of living between the cracks and outside fixed categories Many of his books have been about trying to see from within some society or way of life but from an outsider s perspective He has filed stories from Bhutan Nepal Ethiopia Cuba Argentina Japan and North Korea 13 Some of the topics that he explores in his works include revolution in Cuba Sufism Buddhist Kyoto and global disorientation In his own words from a 1993 article in Harper s I am a multinational soul on a multinational globe on which more and more countries are as polyglot and restless as airports Taking planes seems as natural to me as picking up the phone or going to school I fold up my self and carry it around as if it were an overnight bag 14 His writing alternating between the monastery and the airport the Indian writer Pradeep Sebastian writes about Iyer as Thomas Merton on a frequent flier pass aiming to bring new global energies and possibilities into non fiction 15 He has written numerous pieces on world affairs for Time including cover stories and the Woman of the Year story on Corazon Aquino in 1986 16 17 He has written on literature for The New York Review of Books on globalism for Harper s on travel for the Financial Times and on many other themes for The New York Times National Geographic The Times Literary Supplement contributing up to a hundred articles a year to various publications 18 He has contributed liner notes for four Leonard Cohen albums His books have appeared in 23 languages so far including Turkish Russian and Indonesian He has also written introductions to more than 70 books including works by R K Narayan Somerset Maugham Graham Greene Michael Ondaatje Peter Matthiessen and Isamu Noguchi 19 He also writes regularly on sport film religion and the convergence of mysticism and globalism citation needed He has appeared seven times in the annual Best Spiritual Writing anthology 20 and three times in the annual Best American Travel Writing anthology 21 and has served as guest editor for both 22 He has also appeared in the Best American Essays anthology 23 The Utne Reader named him in 1995 as one of 100 Visionaries worldwide who could change your life 24 while the New Yorker observed that As a guide to far flung places Pico Iyer can hardly be surpassed 25 Personal life EditIyer has been based since 1992 in Nara Japan 26 where he lives with his Japanese wife Hiroko Takeuchi 2 27 and her two children from an earlier marriage His book The Lady and the Monk 1991 was a memoir and a reflection of his relationship with Takeuchi 28 His family home in Santa Barbara burned down due to a wildfire in 1990 Reflecting on this event in his words For more and more of us home has really less to do with a piece of soil than you could say with a piece of soul He splits his time between Japan and California Asked if he feels rooted and accepted as a foreigner regarding his current life in Japan Iyer notes Japan is therefore an ideal place because I never will be a true citizen here and will always be an outsider however long I live here and however well I speak the language And the society around me is as comfortable with that as I am I am not rooted in a place I think so much as in certain values and affiliations and friendships that I carry everywhere I go my home is both invisible and portable But I would gladly stay in this physical location for the rest of my life and there is nothing in life that I want that it doesn t have 29 Iyer has known the 14th Dalai Lama since he was in his late teens when he accompanied his father to Dharamshala India in 1974 In discussions about his spirituality Iyer has mentioned not having a formal meditation practice but practicing regular solitude visiting a remote hermitage near Big Sur several times a year 30 Bibliography EditThis list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items January 2016 Books Edit Iyer Pico 1984 The recovery of innocence London Concord Grove Press July 1988 Video night in Kathmandu and other reports from the not so far East New York Knopf ISBN 0 394 55027 7 August 1991 The lady and the monk four seasons in Kyoto New York Knopf ISBN 978 0 679 40308 1 April 1993 Falling off the map some lonely places of the world New York Vintage Books ISBN 0 679 74612 9 April 1995 Cuba and the night a novel New York Knopf ISBN 0 679 44052 6 April 1997 Tropical classical Essays from Several Directions New York A A Knopf ISBN 0 679 45432 2 February 2000 The global soul jet lag shopping malls and the search for home New York Knopf ISBN 0 679 45433 0 January 2001 Imagining Canada an outsider s hope for a global future Toronto Hart House University of Toronto ISBN 0 9694382 1 4 April 2004 Abandon a romance New York Vintage Books ISBN 1 4000 3085 4 2004 Sun after dark flights into the foreign New York Alfred A Knopf ISBN 0 375 41506 8 2008 The open road the global journey of the fourteenth Dalai Lama New York Alfred A Knopf ISBN 978 0 307 26760 3 2012 The man within my head New York Alfred A Knopf ISBN 978 0 307 26761 0 4 November 2014 The art of stillness adventures in going nowhere Eydis Einarsdottir First TED books hardcover ed New York ISBN 978 1 4767 8472 4 2019 Autumn light season of fire and farewells First ed New York ISBN 978 0 451 49393 4 30 July 2019 This could be home Raffles Hotel and the city of tomorrow Singapore ISBN 978 1 912098 55 2 2 June 2020 A beginner s guide to Japan observations and provocations First Vintage Departures ed New York ISBN 978 1 101 97347 9 Essays Edit Iyer Pico 12 January 2015 Whispers from a friend Outlook 55 1 20 22 Retrieved 6 January 2016 Book reviews Edit Year Review article Work s reviewed2007 Iyer Pico June 28 2007 A new kind of mongrel fiction The New York Review of Books 54 11 36 37 40 41 Ondaatje Michael 2007 Divisadero McClelland and Stewart Selected introductions Edit Graham Greene The Complete Stories Peter Matthiessen The Snow Leopard Somerset Maugham The Skeptical Romancer editor writer of introduction R K Narayan A Tiger for Malgudi The Man Eater of Malgudi and The Vendor of Sweets Michael Ondaatje The English Patient Hermann Hesse Siddhartha Peter Owen Publishers in London brought this out in August 2012 Arto Paasilinna The Year of the Hare Frederic Prokosch The Asiatics Donald Richie The Inland Sea Nicolas Rothwell Wings of the Kite Hawk Huston Smith Tales of Wonder Lawrence Weschler A Wanderer in the Perfect City Natsume Soseki The Gate 2012 Notes Edit a b c Raghavan Iyer Political Science Santa Barbara 1930 1995 Calisphere University of California a b Mark Medley 13 February 2012 Being Greene Pico Iyer evokes his literary father in The Man Within My Head National Post Archived from the original on 16 February 2012 Retrieved 27 September 2013 Rukun Advani Mahatma for Sale The Hindu 27 April 2003 John Paul 8 December 2013 The itchy feet gene The Times of India Retrieved 20 February 2017 Paul John Pico Iyer s Gujarati genes revealed The Times of India Retrieved 20 February 2017 a b Pico Iyer On Travel and Travel Writing World Hum 30 November 2006 Retrieved 27 September 2013 a b Pico Iyer The Urgency of Slowing Down The On Being Project Retrieved 3 October 2020 Tam Dalyell 10 July 1995 OBITUARY Raghavan Iyer The Independent London Archived from the original on 26 May 2022 Retrieved 27 September 2013 Saxon Wolfgang 24 June 1995 Raghavan Narasimhan Iyer 65 An Expert on East West Cultures The New York Times Pico Iyer Journalism journalism princeton edu Retrieved 3 October 2020 46th Annual Telluride Film Festival Guest Director Pico Iyer Telluride Inside and Out Retrieved 3 October 2020 Raffles Writers Residency Pico Iyer British Council Singapore www britishcouncil sg Retrieved 3 October 2020 Pico Iyer The Gould Center for Humanistic Studies Retrieved 3 October 2020 April 1993 issue of Harper s The Hindu 7 November 2006 List of articles in Time Pico Iyer 5 January 1987 Corazon Aquino Time Magazine Archived from the original on 20 December 2007 Retrieved 26 March 2008 program for Dalai Lama appearance at New York Town Hall May 2009 Full listing at About Pico Iyer picoiyerjourneys com Volumes for 1999 2000 2004 2006 2008 2010 2011 2012 Volumes for 2001 2006 2012 Best American Travel Writing 2004 Best Spiritual Writing 2010 2011 edition Utne Reader January February 1995 The New Yorker May 1997 issue on Indian writing Briefly Noted page needed About Pico Iyer Pico Iyer Journeys Retrieved 27 September 2013 Iyer 2008 p 274 Altman Anna Pico Iyer s Japanese Love Story from Spring to Autumn Light The New Yorker Retrieved 3 October 2020 Brenner Angie Global Writer Heart amp Soul Interview with Pico Iyer Wild River Review 19 November 2007 Pico Iyer Journeys Pico Iyers Journeys Retrieved 21 March 2020 Further consideration EditStrayed Cheryl 15 April 2020 Joyful Participation in a World of Sorrows The New York Times External links Editpicoiyerjourneys com Official website An interview with Pico Iyer in Nara Japan on Notebook on Cities and Culture An interview with Pico Iyer in Los Angeles on Notebook on Cities and Culture Pico Iyer at TED Pico Iyer The mysterious man who gave me Japan BBC Travel 20 April 2017 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pico Iyer amp oldid 1131965317, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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