Pichia (Hansenula and Hyphopichia are obsolete synonyms) is a genus of yeasts in the family Pichiaceae with spherical, elliptical, or oblong acuminate cells. Pichia is a teleomorph, and forms hat-shaped, hemispherical, or round ascospores during sexual reproduction. The anamorphs of some Pichia species are Candida species. The asexual reproduction is by multilateral budding.
The genus name of Pichia is in honour of Pico Pichi (1862–1933), who was an Italian botanist and Professor of natural history and plant pathology at a viticulture school in the town of Conegliano in the Province of Treviso.[2]
Lactose is neither fermented nor assimilated by these species. The behaviour with regard to other carbohydrates is dependent on the different species. Nitrate is always assimilated.[citation needed]
More than 100 species of this genus are known. GBIF lists 155.[1] Although some genera have been reassigned from Pichia genera to the Wickerhamomyces; such as Wickerhamomyces canadensis, W. ciferri, W. lynferdii, W. salvicola and W. subpelliculosa.[3] Many other Pichia genera have also been reassigned to various genera such as; Starmera, Cyberlindnera, Ogataea and others. Species Fungorum accepts only 32 species (see below for list).[4]
Some of them interfere with the fermentation process for alcohol production. In winemaking, some species of Pichia can create potential faults in wines.[5] Most are found in decaying plants; some live in close symbiosis with insects, which live on decaying plants.
Some Pichia representatives can be found in raw milk and cheese, such as P. anomala (formerly named Hansenula anomala). P. anomala has been shown to combat the undesirable mold Aspergillus flavus, which contaminates food sources such as tree nuts and corn, and produces aflatoxins. Researchers of the Agricultural Research Service found that when pistachio trees were treated with P. anomala, the growth of A. flavus was inhibited up to 97%. In addition to inhibiting A. flavus, the yeast may also help protect other agricultural crops from unwanted molds that affect the crop's taste, texture, yield, and safety.[6] In smeared-surface ripened cheese, the most important species is P. membranifaciens that also occurs on cream cheese. The formation of a so-called pellicle is typical. Another member of the genus, P. pastoris, is widely used in molecular biology and biotechnology as an expression system. P. angusta furthermore called Hansenula polymorpha, is a model organism for studying the functions of peroxisomes and their underlying molecular biology.
Some Pichia species (e.g. P. ohmeri) have recently been clinically proven to be pathogens, better known as so-called opportunistic pathogens[7] in immunocompromised humans.
^ ab"Pichia E.C.Hansen, 1904". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
^Burkhardt, Lotte (2022). Eine Enzyklopädie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen [Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names] (pdf) (in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin. doi:10.3372/epolist2022. ISBN978-3-946292-41-8. S2CID 246307410. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
^Sérgio Luiz Alves Júnior, Helen Treichel, Thiago Olitta Basso and Boris Ugarte Stambuk (Editors) Yeasts: From Nature to Bioprocesses (2022), p. 170, at Google Books
^ ab"Pichia – Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Species Fungorum. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
^Fugelsang, Kenneth C.; Edwards, Charles G., eds. (2010). "Yeasts". Wine Microbiology (Second ed.). Boston, MA: Springer. pp. 3-28. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-33349-6_1. ISBN978-0-387-33349-6.
^Wood, Marcia (27 January 2010). "Helpful Yeast Battles Food-Contaminating Aflatoxin". Retrieved 5 May 2020.
^Pichia Species 2 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Doctor Fungus, url accessed 27 February 2014
External linksedit
Pichia in MycoBank.org
November 10, 2023
pichia, hansenula, hyphopichia, obsolete, synonyms, genus, yeasts, family, ceae, with, spherical, elliptical, oblong, acuminate, cells, teleomorph, forms, shaped, hemispherical, round, ascospores, during, sexual, reproduction, anamorphs, some, species, candida. Pichia Hansenula and Hyphopichia are obsolete synonyms is a genus of yeasts in the family Pichiaceae with spherical elliptical or oblong acuminate cells Pichia is a teleomorph and forms hat shaped hemispherical or round ascospores during sexual reproduction The anamorphs of some Pichia species are Candida species The asexual reproduction is by multilateral budding PichiaPichia gentianae young cellsScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom FungiDivision AscomycotaClass SaccharomycetesOrder SaccharomycetalesFamily PichiaceaeGenus PichiaHansen 1904SpeciesSee textSynonyms 1 Azymohansenula E K Novak amp ZsoltHyphopichia MycodermaDesmazieres 1827 MycokluyveriaCiferri amp Redaelli 1947 PetasosporaBoidin amp Abadie 1955 ZygohansenulaJ Lodder 1932 Zygowillia Klocker Kudrjanzev 1960 ZymopichiaE K Novak amp Zsolt 1961The genus name of Pichia is in honour of Pico Pichi 1862 1933 who was an Italian botanist and Professor of natural history and plant pathology at a viticulture school in the town of Conegliano in the Province of Treviso 2 The genus was circumscribed by Emil Christian Hansen in Centralbl Bakteriol 2 Abt 12 on pages 533 538 in 1904 Lactose is neither fermented nor assimilated by these species The behaviour with regard to other carbohydrates is dependent on the different species Nitrate is always assimilated citation needed More than 100 species of this genus are known GBIF lists 155 1 Although some genera have been reassigned from Pichia genera to the Wickerhamomyces such as Wickerhamomyces canadensis W ciferri W lynferdii W salvicola and W subpelliculosa 3 Many other Pichia genera have also been reassigned to various genera such as Starmera Cyberlindnera Ogataea and others Species Fungorum accepts only 32 species see below for list 4 Some of them interfere with the fermentation process for alcohol production In winemaking some species of Pichia can create potential faults in wines 5 Most are found in decaying plants some live in close symbiosis with insects which live on decaying plants Some Pichia representatives can be found in raw milk and cheese such as P anomala formerly named Hansenula anomala P anomala has been shown to combat the undesirable mold Aspergillus flavus which contaminates food sources such as tree nuts and corn and produces aflatoxins Researchers of the Agricultural Research Service found that when pistachio trees were treated with P anomala the growth of A flavus was inhibited up to 97 In addition to inhibiting A flavus the yeast may also help protect other agricultural crops from unwanted molds that affect the crop s taste texture yield and safety 6 In smeared surface ripened cheese the most important species is P membranifaciens that also occurs on cream cheese The formation of a so called pellicle is typical Another member of the genus P pastoris is widely used in molecular biology and biotechnology as an expression system P angusta furthermore called Hansenula polymorpha is a model organism for studying the functions of peroxisomes and their underlying molecular biology Some Pichia species e g P ohmeri have recently been clinically proven to be pathogens better known as so called opportunistic pathogens 7 in immunocompromised humans Species editAs accepted by Species Fungorum 4 Pichia barkeri Phaff Starmer Tredick amp V Aberdeen 1987 Pichia cactophila Starmer Phaff M Miranda amp M W Mill 1978 Pichia cecembensis Bhadra R Sreen Rao amp Shivaji 2007 Pichia cephalocereana Phaff Starmer amp Tredick Kurtzman Robnett amp Bas Powers 2008 Pichia deserticola Phaff Starmer Tredick amp M Miranda 1985 Pichia eremophila Phaff Starmer amp Tredick Kurtzman Robnett amp Bas Powers 2008 Pichia exigua Phaff M W Mill amp M Miranda Kurtzman Robnett amp Bas Powers 2008 Pichia fermentans Lodder 1932 Pichia galeiformis A Endo amp Goto 1987 Pichia garciniae Bhadra amp Shivaji 2008 Pichia gijzeniarum M Groenew amp M T Sm 2018 Pichia heedii Phaff Starmer M Miranda amp M W Mill 1978 Pichia kluyveri Bedford ex Kudryavtsev 1960 Pichia kudriavzevii Biodin Pignal amp Besson 1965 Pichia megalospora Kuraishi 1958 Pichia membranifaciens E C Hansen 1904 Pichia methanothermo Minami amp Yamamura 1978 Pichia myanmarensis Nagats H Kawas amp T Seki 2005 Pichia nakasei J A Barnett R W Payne amp Yarrow 1983 Pichia nanzhaoensis F L Hui amp K F Liu 2018 Pichia nongkratonensis Nakase amp Jindam 2005 Pichia norvegensis Leask amp Yarrow 1976 Pichia occidentalis Kurtzman M J Smiley amp C J Johnson Kurtzman Robnett amp Bas Powers 2008 Pichia paraexigua W L Gao K F Liu L G Yao amp F L Hui 2018 Pichia porticicola Ninomiya Mikata Nakagiri Nakase amp H Kawas 2010 Pichia pseudocactophila Holzschu Phaff Tredick amp Hedgec 1983 Pichia punctispora Melard Stell Dekk 1931 Pichia rarassimilans Endoh M Suzuki Omoto amp Benno 2008 Pichia scaptomyzae C Ramirez amp A E Gonzalez 1984 Pichia scutulata Phaff M W Mill amp M Miranda 1976 Pichia sporocuriosa G Peter Tornai Leh Dlauchy amp Vitanyi 2000 Pichia terricola Van der Walt 1957 Pichia uvarum Verona amp Luchetti 1941References edit a b Pichia E C Hansen 1904 www gbif org Retrieved 29 July 2022 Burkhardt Lotte 2022 Eine Enzyklopadie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names pdf in German Berlin Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Freie Universitat Berlin doi 10 3372 epolist2022 ISBN 978 3 946292 41 8 S2CID 246307410 Retrieved 27 January 2022 Sergio Luiz Alves Junior Helen Treichel Thiago Olitta Basso and Boris Ugarte Stambuk Editors Yeasts From Nature to Bioprocesses 2022 p 170 at Google Books a b Pichia Search Page www speciesfungorum org Species Fungorum Retrieved 10 September 2022 Fugelsang Kenneth C Edwards Charles G eds 2010 Yeasts Wine Microbiology Second ed Boston MA Springer pp 3 28 doi 10 1007 978 0 387 33349 6 1 ISBN 978 0 387 33349 6 Wood Marcia 27 January 2010 Helpful Yeast Battles Food Contaminating Aflatoxin Retrieved 5 May 2020 Pichia Species Archived 2 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine Doctor Fungus url accessed 27 February 2014External links editPichia at Dr Fungus Pichia in MycoBank org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pichia amp oldid 1182184864, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
