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Leafy seadragon

January 01, 1970

Not to be confused with Common seadragon.

The leafy seadragon (Phycodurus eques) or Glauert's seadragon, is a marine fish. It is the only member of the genus Phycodurus in the family Syngnathidae, which includes seadragons, pipefish, and seahorses.[2]

Leafy seadragon
Off Kangaroo Island, Australia
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Syngnathiformes
Family: Syngnathidae
Subfamily: Syngnathinae
Genus: Phycodurus
T. N. Gill, 1896
Species:
P. eques
Binomial name
Phycodurus eques
(Günther, 1865)
Phycodurus eques range
Synonyms
  • Phycodurus glauerti Whitley, 1939
  • Phyllopteryx eques Günther, 1865
Leafy seadragon skeleton

It is found along the southern and western coasts of Australia. The name is derived from their appearance, with long leaf-like protrusions coming from all over the body. These protrusions are not used for propulsion; they serve only as camouflage. The leafy seadragon propels itself utilizing a pectoral fin on the ridge of its neck and a dorsal fin on its back closer to the tail end. These small fins are almost completely transparent and difficult to see as they undulate minutely to move the creature sedately through the water, completing the illusion of floating seaweed.

Popularly known as "leafies", they are the marine emblem of the state of South Australia and a focus for local marine conservation.[3][4]

Taxonomy edit

The generic name is derived from the Greek words φῦκος phûkos "seaweed"[5] and δέρμα derma "skin".[6][7]

Description edit

Much like the seahorse, the leafy seadragon's name is derived from its resemblance to another creature (in this case, the mythical dragon). While not large, they are slightly larger than most seahorses, growing to about 20–24 cm (8–9.5 in). They feed on plankton and small crustaceans.

The lobes of skin that grow on the leafy seadragon provide camouflage, giving it the appearance of seaweed.[8] It is able to maintain the illusion when swimming, appearing to move through the water like a piece of floating seaweed. It can also change colour to blend in, but this ability depends on the seadragon's diet, age, location, and stress level.

The leafy seadragon is related to the pipefish and belongs to the family Syngnathidae, along with the seahorse. It differs from the seahorse in appearance, form of locomotion, and its inability to coil or grasp things with its tail. A related species is the weedy seadragon, which is multicoloured and grows weed-like fins, but is smaller than the leafy seadragon. Another unique feature is the small, circular gill openings covering tufted gills, very unlike the crescent-shaped gill openings and ridged gills of most fish species.[9]

Habitat and distribution edit

 
At Rapid Bay jetty

The leafy seadragon is found only in southern Australian waters, from Wilson’s Promontory in Victoria at the eastern end of its range, westward to Jurien Bay, 220 km (140 mi) north of Perth in Western Australia.[1][10] Individuals were once thought to have very restricted ranges; but further research has discovered that seadragons actually travel several hundred metres from their habitual locations, returning to the same spot using a strong sense of direction. They are mostly found over sand patches in waters up to 50 m (160 ft) deep, around kelp-covered rocks and clumps of sea grass.[3] They are commonly sighted by scuba divers near Adelaide in South Australia, especially at Rapid Bay, Edithburgh, and Victor Harbor.[11][12]

Ecology edit

Leafy seadragons usually live a solitary lifestyle. When the time comes, males court the females, they then pair up to breed. From the moment they hatch, leafy seadragons are completely independent. By the age of two, they are typically full grown and ready to breed.[13]

The species feeds by sucking up small crustaceans, such as amphipods and mysid shrimp, plankton, and larval fish through its long, pipe-like snout.[3]

Reproduction edit

As with seahorses, the male leafy seadragon cares for the eggs. The female produces up to 250 bright pink eggs, then deposits them onto the male's tail with her ovipositor, a long tube. The eggs then attach themselves to a brood patch, which supplies them with oxygen. After 9 weeks, the eggs begin to hatch, depending on water conditions. The eggs turn a ripe purple or orange over this period, after which the male pumps his tail until the young emerge, a process which takes place over 24–48 hours. The male aids the hatching of the eggs by shaking his tail, and rubbing it against seaweed and rocks. Once born, the young seadragon is completely independent, eating small zooplankton until large enough to hunt mysids. Only about 5% of the eggs survive.[3] Each newborn fry begins life with a small, externally-attached yolk-sac. This sac provides them sustenance for their first few days of life. Despite this initial nutrition source, the majority of fry will instinctively learn to hunt and catch prey upon hatching, and will become self-reliant before the sac is gone.[14]

Movement edit

The leafy seadragon uses the fins along the side of its head to allow it to steer and turn. However, its outer skin is fairly rigid, limiting mobility. Individual leafy seadragons have been observed remaining in one location for extended periods of time (up to 68 hours), but will sometimes move for lengthy periods. The tracking of one individual indicated it moved at up to 150 m (490 ft) per hour.[15]

Conservation edit

Leafy seadragons are subject to many threats, both natural and man-made. They are caught by collectors, and used in alternative medicine.[citation needed] They are vulnerable when first born, and are slow swimmers, reducing their chance of escaping from a predator. Seadragons are sometimes washed ashore after storms.[16]

The species has become endangered through pollution and industrial runoff, as well as collection for the aquarium trade. In response to these dangers, the species has been totally protected in South Australia since 1987, Victoria since at least 1995, and Western Australia since 1991. Additionally, the species' listing in the Australian government's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 means that the welfare of the species has to be considered as a part of any developmental project.[1][17][18]

In captivity edit

Due to being protected by law, obtaining seadragons is often an expensive and difficult process as they must be from captive bred stock, and exporters must prove their broodstock were caught before collecting restrictions went into effect, or that they had a license to collect seadragons. Seadragons have a specific level of protection under federal fisheries legislation as well as in most Australian states where they occur.[1] Seadragons are difficult to maintain in aquaria. Success in keeping them has been largely confined to the public aquarium sector, due to funding and knowledge that would not be available to the average enthusiast. Attempts to breed the leafy seadragon in captivity have so far been unsuccessful.[19]

Australia edit

Australian aquaria featuring leafy seadragons include the Sydney Aquarium,[20] the Melbourne Aquarium, and the Aquarium of Western Australia.[21]

Canada edit

Ripley's Aquarium of Canada in Toronto displays both leafy and weedy seadragons.[22][23]

Leafy seadragon at the South East Asia Aquarium. Video clip

South East Asia edit

S.E.A. Aquarium, located in the Marine Life Park of Singapore, displays both leafy and weedy seadragons.

United States edit

 
Leafy seadragon at the Monterey Bay Aquarium

A number of aquaria in the United States have leafy seadragon research programs and/or displays. Among these are the Adventure Aquarium in Camden, New Jersey;[24] Aquarium of the Pacific at Long Beach;[25] the Birch Aquarium at Scripps Institute in San Diego;[26] the Minnesota Zoo;[27] the Monterey Bay Aquarium;[28] the Dallas World Aquarium & the Dallas Children's Aquarium, Dallas;[29] the New England Aquarium, Boston;[30] the Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium in Tacoma, Washington;[31] the Newport Aquarium in Kentucky, the Shedd Aquarium, Chicago;[32] the California Academy of Sciences;[33] the Tennessee Aquarium;[34] Sea World Orlando, Florida; the Pittsburgh Zoo & PPG Aquarium;,[35] Ripley's Aquarium of the Smokies, Gatlinburg, Tennessee;[citation needed], The Florida Aquarium[36] in Tampa, Florida; the Mote Aquarium in Sarasota, Florida;[citation needed], and Ripley's Aquarium Broadway at Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.[citation needed]

Europe edit

The Lisbon Aquarium (Lisboa Oceanarium) has both leafy sea dragons and weedy sea dragons.[37]

Cultural references edit

The leafy seadragon is the official marine emblem of the state of South Australia.[38] It also features in the logos of the following South Australian associations — the Adelaide University Scuba Club Inc. and the Marine Life Society of South Australia Inc.[39][40]

A biennial Leafy Sea Dragon Festival is held within the boundaries of the District Council of Yankalilla in South Australia. It is a festival of the environment, arts and culture of the Fleurieu Peninsula, with the theme of celebrating the leafy seadragon. The inaugural festival in 2005 attracted over 7,000 participants including 4000 visitors.[41]

In 2006, an animated short film, The Amazing Adventures of Gavin, a Leafy Seadragon, was made on behalf of several South Australian organisations involved in conserving the marine environment, including the Coast Protection Board, the Department of Environment and Heritage and the Marine Discovery Centre.[42][43][44] Made through a collaboration of The People's Republic of Animation, Waterline Productions and the SA Film Corporation,[45] the film is an introductory guide to marine conservation and the marine bioregions of South Australia suitable for 8–12 year olds,[46] and copies were distributed on DVD to all primary schools in the State. An educator's resource kit to accompany the film was released in 2008.[47][48]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d Pollom, R. (2017). "Phycodurus eques". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T17096A67622420. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T17096A67622420.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ Gomon, Martin F.; Bray, Dianne J. (n.d.). "Phycodurus". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d (PDF). Yankalilla Visitor Information Centre. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  4. ^ . National Geographic. Archived from the original on 20 May 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
  5. ^ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). "φῦκος". A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus Digital Library.
  6. ^ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). "δέρμα". A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus Digital Library.
  7. ^ Froese, Rainer; Daniel, Pauly, eds. (2022). "Phycodurus eques, Leafy seadragon". FishBase. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  8. ^ Cott, Hugh (1940). Adaptive Coloration in Animals. Oxford University Press. pp. 341–342. OCLC 5232000.
  9. ^ (Lourie 1999).
  10. ^ Morrison, Sue; Storrie, Ann (1999). Wonders of Western Waters. Como, Western Australia: Department of Conservation and Land Management. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-7309-6894-8.
  11. ^ "Leafy sea dragon". Underwater Photography Guide Website.
  12. ^ Neville Coleman; Nigel Marsh. "Victor Harbour (sic)". Underwater Australia. Neville Coleman. Archived from the original on 2 February 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  13. ^ New England Aquarium. . New England Aquarium Animals and Exhibits. Archived from the original on 30 September 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
  14. ^ Groves, Paul (December 1998). "Leafy Sea Dragons". Scientific American. 279 (6): 84–89. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1298-84. ISSN 0036-8733.
  15. ^ Connolly, R. M.; Melville, A. J.; Preston, K. M. (2002). "Patterns of movement and habitat use by leafy seadragons tracked ultrasonically". Journal of Fish Biology. 61 (3): 684–695. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb00904.x.
  16. ^ . zooaquarium.org.au. Archived from the original on 2 March 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2008.
  17. ^ "Protected Aquatic and Priority Species". Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Victoria, Australia. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
  18. ^ "ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ACT 1999 - SECT 248". Australasian Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
  19. ^ Branshaw-Carlson, Paula (2012). "Seadragon husbandry in the new millennium: Lessons learned from the past will create a sustainable future" (PDF). 2012 International Aquarium Congress 9–14 September 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  20. ^ "Southern Oceans: Leafy Sea Dragon". Sydney Aquarium. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
  21. ^ (PDF). aqwa.com.au. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  22. ^ Ripley's Aquarium of Canada > The Gallery Accessed 29 March 2014.
  23. ^ Stapen, Candyce H. (17 October 2013). "Discover underwater wonders at Toronto's new aquarium". USA TODAY.
  24. ^ "Adventure Aquarium". Trip Advisor.
  25. ^ "Online Learning Center: Leafy Seadragon". Aquarium of the Pacific. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
  26. ^ . aquarium.ucsd.edu. Birch Aquarium. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
  27. ^ "Sea Dragons: Leafy and Weedy". mnzoo.org. Minnesota Zoo. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  28. ^ "Leafy sea dragon". Monterey Bay Aquarium. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
  29. ^ "Exhibits of Southern Australia". Dallas World Aquarium. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
  30. ^ . New England Aquarium. Archived from the original on 12 April 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
  31. ^ . Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
  32. ^ (PDF). Shedd Aquarium. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 August 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
  33. ^ (PDF). California Academy of Sciences. Summer 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
  34. ^ . Tennessee Aquarium. Archived from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
  35. ^ ""Sea Dragons Pittsburgh Zoo"". YouTube.
  36. ^ "Three struggling seadragons get 'pool noodles' at the Florida Aquarium". TBO.com. 23 August 2018. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  37. ^ "Aquarium". www.oceanario.pt. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  38. ^ . Government of South Australia: Insignia and Emblems. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  39. ^ "The Adelaide University Skindiving Club". The Adelaide University Skindiving Club. Retrieved 24 April 2013.
  40. ^ "Marine Life Society of South Australia". mlssa.asn.au. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  41. ^ . District Council of Yankalilla. Archived from the original on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  42. ^ "Newsletter" (PDF). Marine Discovery Centre. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  43. ^ . Department of Premier and Cabinet. 13 June 2006. Archived from the original on 20 March 2014. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  44. ^ "The amazing adventures of Gavin a leafy seadragon". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  45. ^ . SA Film Corporation. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  46. ^ "Reef Watch: Newsletter" (PDF). reefwatch.asn.au. June 2006. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  47. ^ "Marine Discovery Centre > Newsletter 3-08" (PDF). MarineDiscoveryCentre.com.au. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  48. ^ . Department of Premier and Cabinet. 24 August 2008. Archived from the original on 20 March 2014. Retrieved 17 August 2011.

Further reading edit

  • Connolly, R. M. (September 2002). "Patterns of movement and habitat use by leafy seadragons tracked ultrasonically". Journal of Fish Biology. 61 (3): 684–695. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb00904.x.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phycodurus eques.

Australia

  • Australian Museum > Leafy Seadragon Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  • Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  • Reef Watch > Dragon Search > Photo Library Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  • Archived from the original webpage. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  • Underwater Australasia > Vanishing Dragon Article on making of a documentary film and DVD. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  • Leafy sea dragon documentary film "The Vanishing Dragon" Scuba diving in South Australia, Retrieved 9 January 2013.

International

  • Aquarium of the Pacific > Online Learning Center > Leafy Seadragon Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  • FishBase > Phycodurus eques (Günther, 1865), Leafy seadragon Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  • Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  • Jeffrey N. Jeffords, Dive Gallery > Leafy Sea Dragons Photo and multimedia gallery. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  • Retrieved 8 August 2011.

January 01, 1970
leafy, seadragon, confused, with, common, seadragon, leafy, seadragon, phycodurus, eques, glauert, seadragon, marine, fish, only, member, genus, phycodurus, family, syngnathidae, which, includes, seadragons, pipefish, seahorses, kangaroo, island, australia, co. Not to be confused with Common seadragon The leafy seadragon Phycodurus eques or Glauert s seadragon is a marine fish It is the only member of the genus Phycodurus in the family Syngnathidae which includes seadragons pipefish and seahorses 2 Leafy seadragon Off Kangaroo Island Australia Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Actinopterygii Order Syngnathiformes Family Syngnathidae Subfamily Syngnathinae Genus PhycodurusT N Gill 1896 Species P eques Binomial name Phycodurus eques Gunther 1865 Phycodurus eques range Synonyms Phycodurus glauerti Whitley 1939 Phyllopteryx eques Gunther 1865 Leafy seadragon skeleton It is found along the southern and western coasts of Australia The name is derived from their appearance with long leaf like protrusions coming from all over the body These protrusions are not used for propulsion they serve only as camouflage The leafy seadragon propels itself utilizing a pectoral fin on the ridge of its neck and a dorsal fin on its back closer to the tail end These small fins are almost completely transparent and difficult to see as they undulate minutely to move the creature sedately through the water completing the illusion of floating seaweed Popularly known as leafies they are the marine emblem of the state of South Australia and a focus for local marine conservation 3 4 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Habitat and distribution 4 Ecology 4 1 Reproduction 4 2 Movement 5 Conservation 6 In captivity 6 1 Australia 6 2 Canada 6 3 South East Asia 6 4 United States 6 5 Europe 7 Cultural references 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External linksTaxonomy editThe generic name is derived from the Greek words fῦkos phukos seaweed 5 and derma derma skin 6 7 Description editMuch like the seahorse the leafy seadragon s name is derived from its resemblance to another creature in this case the mythical dragon While not large they are slightly larger than most seahorses growing to about 20 24 cm 8 9 5 in They feed on plankton and small crustaceans The lobes of skin that grow on the leafy seadragon provide camouflage giving it the appearance of seaweed 8 It is able to maintain the illusion when swimming appearing to move through the water like a piece of floating seaweed It can also change colour to blend in but this ability depends on the seadragon s diet age location and stress level The leafy seadragon is related to the pipefish and belongs to the family Syngnathidae along with the seahorse It differs from the seahorse in appearance form of locomotion and its inability to coil or grasp things with its tail A related species is the weedy seadragon which is multicoloured and grows weed like fins but is smaller than the leafy seadragon Another unique feature is the small circular gill openings covering tufted gills very unlike the crescent shaped gill openings and ridged gills of most fish species 9 Habitat and distribution edit nbsp At Rapid Bay jetty The leafy seadragon is found only in southern Australian waters from Wilson s Promontory in Victoria at the eastern end of its range westward to Jurien Bay 220 km 140 mi north of Perth in Western Australia 1 10 Individuals were once thought to have very restricted ranges but further research has discovered that seadragons actually travel several hundred metres from their habitual locations returning to the same spot using a strong sense of direction They are mostly found over sand patches in waters up to 50 m 160 ft deep around kelp covered rocks and clumps of sea grass 3 They are commonly sighted by scuba divers near Adelaide in South Australia especially at Rapid Bay Edithburgh and Victor Harbor 11 12 Ecology editLeafy seadragons usually live a solitary lifestyle When the time comes males court the females they then pair up to breed From the moment they hatch leafy seadragons are completely independent By the age of two they are typically full grown and ready to breed 13 The species feeds by sucking up small crustaceans such as amphipods and mysid shrimp plankton and larval fish through its long pipe like snout 3 Reproduction edit As with seahorses the male leafy seadragon cares for the eggs The female produces up to 250 bright pink eggs then deposits them onto the male s tail with her ovipositor a long tube The eggs then attach themselves to a brood patch which supplies them with oxygen After 9 weeks the eggs begin to hatch depending on water conditions The eggs turn a ripe purple or orange over this period after which the male pumps his tail until the young emerge a process which takes place over 24 48 hours The male aids the hatching of the eggs by shaking his tail and rubbing it against seaweed and rocks Once born the young seadragon is completely independent eating small zooplankton until large enough to hunt mysids Only about 5 of the eggs survive 3 Each newborn fry begins life with a small externally attached yolk sac This sac provides them sustenance for their first few days of life Despite this initial nutrition source the majority of fry will instinctively learn to hunt and catch prey upon hatching and will become self reliant before the sac is gone 14 Movement edit The leafy seadragon uses the fins along the side of its head to allow it to steer and turn However its outer skin is fairly rigid limiting mobility Individual leafy seadragons have been observed remaining in one location for extended periods of time up to 68 hours but will sometimes move for lengthy periods The tracking of one individual indicated it moved at up to 150 m 490 ft per hour 15 Conservation editLeafy seadragons are subject to many threats both natural and man made They are caught by collectors and used in alternative medicine citation needed They are vulnerable when first born and are slow swimmers reducing their chance of escaping from a predator Seadragons are sometimes washed ashore after storms 16 The species has become endangered through pollution and industrial runoff as well as collection for the aquarium trade In response to these dangers the species has been totally protected in South Australia since 1987 Victoria since at least 1995 and Western Australia since 1991 Additionally the species listing in the Australian government s Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 means that the welfare of the species has to be considered as a part of any developmental project 1 17 18 In captivity editDue to being protected by law obtaining seadragons is often an expensive and difficult process as they must be from captive bred stock and exporters must prove their broodstock were caught before collecting restrictions went into effect or that they had a license to collect seadragons Seadragons have a specific level of protection under federal fisheries legislation as well as in most Australian states where they occur 1 Seadragons are difficult to maintain in aquaria Success in keeping them has been largely confined to the public aquarium sector due to funding and knowledge that would not be available to the average enthusiast Attempts to breed the leafy seadragon in captivity have so far been unsuccessful 19 This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items September 2014 Australia edit Australian aquaria featuring leafy seadragons include the Sydney Aquarium 20 the Melbourne Aquarium and the Aquarium of Western Australia 21 Canada edit Ripley s Aquarium of Canada in Toronto displays both leafy and weedy seadragons 22 23 source source source source source source source Leafy seadragon at the South East Asia Aquarium Video clip South East Asia edit S E A Aquarium located in the Marine Life Park of Singapore displays both leafy and weedy seadragons United States edit nbsp Leafy seadragon at the Monterey Bay Aquarium A number of aquaria in the United States have leafy seadragon research programs and or displays Among these are the Adventure Aquarium in Camden New Jersey 24 Aquarium of the Pacific at Long Beach 25 the Birch Aquarium at Scripps Institute in San Diego 26 the Minnesota Zoo 27 the Monterey Bay Aquarium 28 the Dallas World Aquarium amp the Dallas Children s Aquarium Dallas 29 the New England Aquarium Boston 30 the Point Defiance Zoo amp Aquarium in Tacoma Washington 31 the Newport Aquarium in Kentucky the Shedd Aquarium Chicago 32 the California Academy of Sciences 33 the Tennessee Aquarium 34 Sea World Orlando Florida the Pittsburgh Zoo amp PPG Aquarium 35 Ripley s Aquarium of the Smokies Gatlinburg Tennessee citation needed The Florida Aquarium 36 in Tampa Florida the Mote Aquarium in Sarasota Florida citation needed and Ripley s Aquarium Broadway at Myrtle Beach South Carolina citation needed Europe edit The Lisbon Aquarium Lisboa Oceanarium has both leafy sea dragons and weedy sea dragons 37 Cultural references editThe leafy seadragon is the official marine emblem of the state of South Australia 38 It also features in the logos of the following South Australian associations the Adelaide University Scuba Club Inc and the Marine Life Society of South Australia Inc 39 40 A biennial Leafy Sea Dragon Festival is held within the boundaries of the District Council of Yankalilla in South Australia It is a festival of the environment arts and culture of the Fleurieu Peninsula with the theme of celebrating the leafy seadragon The inaugural festival in 2005 attracted over 7 000 participants including 4000 visitors 41 In 2006 an animated short film The Amazing Adventures of Gavin a Leafy Seadragon was made on behalf of several South Australian organisations involved in conserving the marine environment including the Coast Protection Board the Department of Environment and Heritage and the Marine Discovery Centre 42 43 44 Made through a collaboration of The People s Republic of Animation Waterline Productions and the SA Film Corporation 45 the film is an introductory guide to marine conservation and the marine bioregions of South Australia suitable for 8 12 year olds 46 and copies were distributed on DVD to all primary schools in the State An educator s resource kit to accompany the film was released in 2008 47 48 See also editSea Dragon disambiguation Weedy seadragon Common seadragon Ruby seadragon Seahorse PipefishReferences edit a b c d Pollom R 2017 Phycodurus eques IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017 e T17096A67622420 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2017 2 RLTS T17096A67622420 en Retrieved 19 November 2021 Gomon Martin F Bray Dianne J n d Phycodurus Fishes of Australia Museums Victoria Retrieved 8 November 2022 a b c d The Leafy Sea Dragon PDF Yankalilla Visitor Information Centre Archived from the original PDF on 9 May 2013 Retrieved 17 August 2011 Animals Leafy Sea Dragon National Geographic Archived from the original on 20 May 2011 Retrieved 9 December 2011 Liddell Henry George Scott Robert 1940 fῦkos A Greek English Lexicon Perseus Digital Library Liddell Henry George Scott Robert 1940 derma A Greek English Lexicon Perseus Digital Library Froese Rainer Daniel Pauly eds 2022 Phycodurus eques Leafy seadragon FishBase Retrieved 8 November 2022 Cott Hugh 1940 Adaptive Coloration in Animals Oxford University Press pp 341 342 OCLC 5232000 Lourie 1999 Morrison Sue Storrie Ann 1999 Wonders of Western Waters Como Western Australia Department of Conservation and Land Management p 112 ISBN 978 0 7309 6894 8 Leafy sea dragon Underwater Photography Guide Website Neville Coleman Nigel Marsh Victor Harbour sic Underwater Australia Neville Coleman Archived from the original on 2 February 2013 Retrieved 13 February 2013 New England Aquarium Leafy Sea Dragon New England Aquarium Animals and Exhibits Archived from the original on 30 September 2013 Retrieved 9 July 2013 Groves Paul December 1998 Leafy Sea Dragons Scientific American 279 6 84 89 doi 10 1038 scientificamerican1298 84 ISSN 0036 8733 Connolly R M Melville A J Preston K M 2002 Patterns of movement and habitat use by leafy seadragons tracked ultrasonically Journal of Fish Biology 61 3 684 695 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8649 2002 tb00904 x Zoo and Aquarium Association Inc zooaquarium org au Archived from the original on 2 March 2011 Retrieved 8 August 2008 Protected Aquatic and Priority Species Department of Environment and Primary Industries Victoria Australia Retrieved 29 April 2013 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ACT 1999 SECT 248 Australasian Legal Information Institute Retrieved 29 April 2013 Branshaw Carlson Paula 2012 Seadragon husbandry in the new millennium Lessons learned from the past will create a sustainable future PDF 2012 International Aquarium Congress 9 14 September 2012 Retrieved 27 October 2014 Southern Oceans Leafy Sea Dragon Sydney Aquarium Retrieved 6 April 2012 Aquarium of Western Australia PDF aqwa com au Archived from the original PDF on 28 September 2011 Retrieved 8 August 2011 Ripley s Aquarium of Canada gt The Gallery Accessed 29 March 2014 Stapen Candyce H 17 October 2013 Discover underwater wonders at Toronto s new aquarium USA TODAY Adventure Aquarium Trip Advisor Online Learning Center Leafy Seadragon Aquarium of the Pacific Retrieved 6 April 2012 There s something about seahorses aquarium ucsd edu Birch Aquarium Archived from the original on 29 March 2012 Retrieved 6 April 2012 Sea Dragons Leafy and Weedy mnzoo org Minnesota Zoo Retrieved 14 February 2014 Leafy sea dragon Monterey Bay Aquarium Retrieved 6 September 2011 Exhibits of Southern Australia Dallas World Aquarium Archived from the original on 24 July 2012 Retrieved 6 April 2012 Animals and Exhibits Leafy Seadragon New England Aquarium Archived from the original on 12 April 2012 Retrieved 6 April 2012 Aquariums Point Defiance Zoo amp Aquarium Archived from the original on 19 July 2011 Retrieved 6 April 2012 Shedd Aquarium Rides Herd On Seahorse Conservation PDF Shedd Aquarium Archived from the original PDF on 28 August 2011 Retrieved 6 April 2012 Live from the California Academy of Sciences PDF California Academy of Sciences Summer 2008 Archived from the original PDF on 19 December 2013 Retrieved 8 January 2013 Leafy Seadragon Tennessee Aquarium Archived from the original on 25 March 2012 Retrieved 6 April 2012 Sea Dragons Pittsburgh Zoo YouTube Three struggling seadragons get pool noodles at the Florida Aquarium TBO com 23 August 2018 Retrieved 23 August 2018 Aquarium www oceanario pt Retrieved 26 October 2023 Leafy Seadragon Government of South Australia Insignia and Emblems Archived from the original on 20 July 2011 Retrieved 19 July 2011 The Adelaide University Skindiving Club The Adelaide University Skindiving Club Retrieved 24 April 2013 Marine Life Society of South Australia mlssa asn au Retrieved 8 August 2011 Leafy Sea Dragon Festival District Council of Yankalilla Archived from the original on 9 May 2013 Retrieved 13 February 2013 Newsletter PDF Marine Discovery Centre Retrieved 17 August 2011 Press release 13 6 2006 State s Marine emblem stars in new film Department of Premier and Cabinet 13 June 2006 Archived from the original on 20 March 2014 Retrieved 17 August 2011 The amazing adventures of Gavin a leafy seadragon National Library of Australia Retrieved 17 August 2011 The amazing adventures of Gavin a Leafy Seadragon SA Film Corporation Archived from the original on 30 September 2011 Retrieved 17 August 2011 Reef Watch Newsletter PDF reefwatch asn au June 2006 Retrieved 17 August 2011 Marine Discovery Centre gt Newsletter 3 08 PDF MarineDiscoveryCentre com au Retrieved 17 August 2011 Press release 24 8 2008 Gavin goes to school Department of Premier and Cabinet 24 August 2008 Archived from the original on 20 March 2014 Retrieved 17 August 2011 Further reading editConnolly R M September 2002 Patterns of movement and habitat use by leafy seadragons tracked ultrasonically Journal of Fish Biology 61 3 684 695 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8649 2002 tb00904 x External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phycodurus eques Australia Australian Museum gt Leafy Seadragon Retrieved 8 August 2011 Marine Life Society of South Australia gt Leafy Seadragon photos Retrieved 8 August 2011 Reef Watch gt Dragon Search gt Photo Library Retrieved 8 August 2011 Seadragon Foundation Inc gt Leafy Seadragon Archived from the original webpage Retrieved 17 February 2014 Underwater Australasia gt Vanishing Dragon Article on making of a documentary film and DVD Retrieved 8 August 2011 Leafy sea dragon documentary film The Vanishing Dragon Scuba diving in South Australia Retrieved 9 January 2013 International Aquarium of the Pacific gt Online Learning Center gt Leafy Seadragon Retrieved 8 August 2011 Leafy seadragon information FishBase gt Phycodurus eques Gunther 1865 Leafy seadragon Retrieved 17 August 2011 Fused Jaw gt Keep a Watchful Eye on the Sea Dragons of Southern Australia Retrieved 8 August 2011 Jeffrey N Jeffords Dive Gallery gt Leafy Sea Dragons Photo and multimedia gallery Retrieved 8 August 2011 MarineBio Conservation Society gt Phycodurus eques Leafy Sea Dragons Retrieved 8 August 2011 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Leafy seadragon amp oldid 1214154029, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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