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Oriental bay owl

April 12, 2024

The Oriental bay owl (Phodilus badius) is a type of bay owl, usually classified with barn owls. It is completely nocturnal, and can be found throughout Southeast Asia and parts of India. It has several subspecies. It has a heart-shaped face with earlike extensions. The Congo bay owl (Phodilus prigoginei) was formerly classified as a subspecies of Oriental bay owl due to insufficient knowledge, but it has turned out that it might not even belong to the same genus. The Sri Lanka bay owl was also considered a subspecies.

Oriental bay owl
CITES Appendix II (CITES)[2]
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Tytonidae
Genus: Phodilus
Species:
P. badius
Binomial name
Phodilus badius
(Horsfield, 1821)
Subspecies
  • P. b. badius
    (Southeast Asian bay owl)
  • P. b. saturatus
    (Sikkim bay owl)
  • P. b. ripleyi
    (Peninsular bay owl)
  • P. b. arixuthus
    (Natuna bay owl)
  • P. b. parvus
    (Belitung bay owl)

A population of this species has apparently become extinct on Samar Island in the Philippines during the 20th century. It was described as Phodilus badius riverae and was only ever known from a single specimen, which was lost in a bombing raid in 1945. The validity of this taxon is uncertain; it is usually synonymized with the nominate subspecies (for reasons of biogeography) or the subspecies saturatus (from external appearance); it might have been a distinct species, however.

Distribution edit

The Oriental bay owl is typically found and distributed throughout Nepal, Sikkim, Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Burma and Thailand, east to south China, and south through the Malay Peninsula to the Greater Sundas. They are most comfortable living in woodland, plantations and mangrove swamps at altitudes of up to 7,220 feet (2,200 meters), leading to them being scattered around India, Thailand, Singapore, the Philippines and other parts of Southeast Asia.

 
Oriental bay owl at the Kaeng Krachan National Park

Habitat and ecology edit

The Oriental bay owl is very scarcely known, even in its area of origin. It is prevalent in the tropical moist forests as well as in southeast Asia. The species can be seen in the tropical wet evergreen forest as high altitudes reaching heights of 1,040-1,050m above sea level. These sightings of the owl are rare and occurred between February and June 1998 in Sengaltheri, Tamil Nadu, India. [3] Also located in the evergreen forest of India. There are not many in the population, and so they are not very well known. Their habitat is in two separate locations in India: northern in the Himalayan foothills and that general location, and in the southern areas, including the southern Western Ghats of Kerala/Tamil Nadu, as well as some areas of Sri Lanka (specifically the wetlands). This owl tends to be nocturnal and stays to itself.[4] This owl tends to reside at high elevations ranging from 200m to a peak of 2300m according to area in which it lives. At the foothills it tends to stay at areas between 200–1,000m elevation, but due to destruction of many of the foothills/ forests in the area (caused by mankind), some of the owls reside at higher altitudes reaching the peak of 2,300m in montane forests.[5]

Breeding habits

This species is caring towards their offspring; both the male and female care for their young. Incubation lasts for approximately 36–42 days and there is usually a 100 percent survival rate for the zygote. The babies are quick to develop and are protected by both parents. They are more protective of the nestlings (young chicks) than of the older chicks. They feed their offspring an assortment of lizards, frogs, rodents and on occasion, insects.[6]

Breeding time is usually from the months of March, April and May. The eggs tend to be laid between March and July. They tend to nest in hollowed out tree trunks as well as any other hole it can find. They can sometimes be found nesting in palms in Java. As mentioned above, both parents care for the offspring. At a time, around 3 to 5 eggs are laid; the appearance of the eggs are white and rather small. The measurements of the eggs on the oblong portion are around 38–40.6mm and on the smaller portion of the egg, the circumference is approximately 30–31 mm. Although both parents care for the offspring, only the mother incubated the egg starting at the 2 day mark. The father is the one who hunts and brings nourishment back for the offspring.[7]

Morphology and vocal characteristics edit

Individuals of the Oriental bay owl are small animals with distinguishing features such as highly angular heads. The top and back half of their bodies are a deep chestnut color while the bottom of their bodies as well as their stomachs are a cream and tanish color. Oriental bay owls have large, striking black eyes which are highlighted due to the color contrast of their faces. Being that they are small and typically stand upright, they are very difficult to spot as they find comfort in their vast range of habitats. Their ability to resonate is remarkable, for they not only hoot, but also scream and create high pitched whistle songs. Their songs typically consist of four to seven melancholic whistles, lasting anywhere between two and eight seconds, and the pitch slightly increases towards the end. They sometimes alternate with a shorter whistle, that goes kleet-kleet-kleet or kleek-kleek-kleek, when moving between places.[8]

 
Two Oriental bay owls looking down at people trying to take photographs of them

The Oriental bay owl's measurements are as follows [9] *[2]

Size: Length 22.5–29 cm. Wing length 172-237mm. Tail length 168-239mm. Weight 255-308g.

Females are often larger than the males of this species.

Food edit

The Oriental bay owls prey upon small rodents, bats, birds, snakes, frogs, lizards, magpies and large arthropods such as beetles, grasshoppers, and spiders.[10] This species hunts from a perch and fly through trees in order to catch their prey. Due to their short and rounded wings, this makes hunting easier, especially by the water. Being that the owls find themselves most comfortable in Southeast Asia and parts of India, they are surrounded by a very humid and tropical climate. This offers the species an immense food source and trees to hunt from. The owl feeds its young an assortment of rodents, lizards and frogs when caring for them. *[3] [11]

  •  

References edit

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Phodilus badius". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. IUCN: e.T22727641A94955098. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22727641A94955098.en. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. ^ Raman, T. R. Shankar (2001). "Observations on the Oriental Bay Owl Phodilus badius and range extension in the Western Ghats, India" (PDF). Forktail. 17: 110–111.
  4. ^ De Souza, Jennifer; De Souza, Qupeleio (5 April 2010). "An injured Oriental Bay Owl Phodilus badius in Goa, India" (PDF). Indian Birds. 5 (5): 155.
  5. ^ "Oriental Bay Owl (Phodilus badius) - Information, Pictures, Sounds".
  6. ^ Teng, Liwei, et al. “A Preliminary Observation of Breeding Habits of Oriental Bay Owl.” A Preliminary Observation of Breeding Habits of Oriental Bay Owl--《Journal of Northeast Forestry University》2004年01期, 2004, http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DBLY200401012.htm
  7. ^ "Oriental Bay Owl (Phodilus badius) - Information, Pictures, Sounds".
  8. ^ "Oriental Bay Owl (Phodilus badius) - Information, Pictures, Sounds".
  9. ^ "Oriental Bay Owl (Phodilus badius) - Information, Pictures, Sounds".
  10. ^ "Oriental Bay Owl (Phodilus badius) - Information, Pictures, Sounds".
  11. ^ Teng, Liwei, et al. “A Preliminary Observation of Breeding Habits of Oriental Bay Owl.” A Preliminary Observation of Breeding Habits of Oriental Bay Owl--《Journal of Northeast Forestry University》2004年01期, 2004, http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DBLY200401012.htm
  • Bruce, M. D. (1999): 15. Oriental Bay-owl. In: del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. (eds): Handbook of Birds of the World, Volume 5: Barn-owls to Hummingbirds: 75, plate 3. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-25-3
  • Raman, T. R. Shankar (2001). "Observations on the Oriental Bay Owl Phodilus badius and range extension in the Western Ghats, India" (PDF). Forktail. 17: 110–111.
  • De Souza, Jennifer; De Souza, Qupeleio (5 April 2010). "An injured Oriental Bay Owl Phodilus badius in Goa, India" (PDF). Indian Birds. 5 (5): 155.
  • Teng, Liwei, et al. “A Preliminary Observation of Breeding Habits of Oriental Bay Owl.” A Preliminary Observation of Breeding Habits of Oriental Bay Owl--《Journal of Northeast Forestry University》2004年01期, 2004, http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DBLY200401012.htm

External links edit

  • ARKive -
  • Handbook of the Birds of the World
  • [4]


 

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April 12, 2024
oriental, phodilus, badius, type, usually, classified, with, barn, owls, completely, nocturnal, found, throughout, southeast, asia, parts, india, several, subspecies, heart, shaped, face, with, earlike, extensions, congo, phodilus, prigoginei, formerly, classi. The Oriental bay owl Phodilus badius is a type of bay owl usually classified with barn owls It is completely nocturnal and can be found throughout Southeast Asia and parts of India It has several subspecies It has a heart shaped face with earlike extensions The Congo bay owl Phodilus prigoginei was formerly classified as a subspecies of Oriental bay owl due to insufficient knowledge but it has turned out that it might not even belong to the same genus The Sri Lanka bay owl was also considered a subspecies Oriental bay owlConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 CITES Appendix II CITES 2 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder StrigiformesFamily TytonidaeGenus PhodilusSpecies P badiusBinomial namePhodilus badius Horsfield 1821 SubspeciesP b badius Southeast Asian bay owl P b saturatus Sikkim bay owl P b ripleyi Peninsular bay owl P b arixuthus Natuna bay owl P b parvus Belitung bay owl A population of this species has apparently become extinct on Samar Island in the Philippines during the 20th century It was described as Phodilus badius riverae and was only ever known from a single specimen which was lost in a bombing raid in 1945 The validity of this taxon is uncertain it is usually synonymized with the nominate subspecies for reasons of biogeography or the subspecies saturatus from external appearance it might have been a distinct species however Contents 1 Distribution 2 Habitat and ecology 3 Morphology and vocal characteristics 4 Food 5 References 6 External linksDistribution editThe Oriental bay owl is typically found and distributed throughout Nepal Sikkim Assam Nagaland Manipur Burma and Thailand east to south China and south through the Malay Peninsula to the Greater Sundas They are most comfortable living in woodland plantations and mangrove swamps at altitudes of up to 7 220 feet 2 200 meters leading to them being scattered around India Thailand Singapore the Philippines and other parts of Southeast Asia nbsp Oriental bay owl at the Kaeng Krachan National ParkHabitat and ecology editThe Oriental bay owl is very scarcely known even in its area of origin It is prevalent in the tropical moist forests as well as in southeast Asia The species can be seen in the tropical wet evergreen forest as high altitudes reaching heights of 1 040 1 050m above sea level These sightings of the owl are rare and occurred between February and June 1998 in Sengaltheri Tamil Nadu India 3 Also located in the evergreen forest of India There are not many in the population and so they are not very well known Their habitat is in two separate locations in India northern in the Himalayan foothills and that general location and in the southern areas including the southern Western Ghats of Kerala Tamil Nadu as well as some areas of Sri Lanka specifically the wetlands This owl tends to be nocturnal and stays to itself 4 This owl tends to reside at high elevations ranging from 200m to a peak of 2300m according to area in which it lives At the foothills it tends to stay at areas between 200 1 000m elevation but due to destruction of many of the foothills forests in the area caused by mankind some of the owls reside at higher altitudes reaching the peak of 2 300m in montane forests 5 Breeding habitsThis species is caring towards their offspring both the male and female care for their young Incubation lasts for approximately 36 42 days and there is usually a 100 percent survival rate for the zygote The babies are quick to develop and are protected by both parents They are more protective of the nestlings young chicks than of the older chicks They feed their offspring an assortment of lizards frogs rodents and on occasion insects 6 1 Breeding time is usually from the months of March April and May The eggs tend to be laid between March and July They tend to nest in hollowed out tree trunks as well as any other hole it can find They can sometimes be found nesting in palms in Java As mentioned above both parents care for the offspring At a time around 3 to 5 eggs are laid the appearance of the eggs are white and rather small The measurements of the eggs on the oblong portion are around 38 40 6mm and on the smaller portion of the egg the circumference is approximately 30 31 mm Although both parents care for the offspring only the mother incubated the egg starting at the 2 day mark The father is the one who hunts and brings nourishment back for the offspring 7 Morphology and vocal characteristics editIndividuals of the Oriental bay owl are small animals with distinguishing features such as highly angular heads The top and back half of their bodies are a deep chestnut color while the bottom of their bodies as well as their stomachs are a cream and tanish color Oriental bay owls have large striking black eyes which are highlighted due to the color contrast of their faces Being that they are small and typically stand upright they are very difficult to spot as they find comfort in their vast range of habitats Their ability to resonate is remarkable for they not only hoot but also scream and create high pitched whistle songs Their songs typically consist of four to seven melancholic whistles lasting anywhere between two and eight seconds and the pitch slightly increases towards the end They sometimes alternate with a shorter whistle that goes kleet kleet kleet or kleek kleek kleek when moving between places 8 nbsp Two Oriental bay owls looking down at people trying to take photographs of themThe Oriental bay owl s measurements are as follows 9 2 Size Length 22 5 29 cm Wing length 172 237mm Tail length 168 239mm Weight 255 308g Females are often larger than the males of this species Food editThe Oriental bay owls prey upon small rodents bats birds snakes frogs lizards magpies and large arthropods such as beetles grasshoppers and spiders 10 This species hunts from a perch and fly through trees in order to catch their prey Due to their short and rounded wings this makes hunting easier especially by the water Being that the owls find themselves most comfortable in Southeast Asia and parts of India they are surrounded by a very humid and tropical climate This offers the species an immense food source and trees to hunt from The owl feeds its young an assortment of rodents lizards and frogs when caring for them 3 11 nbsp References edit BirdLife International 2016 Phodilus badius The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 IUCN e T22727641A94955098 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T22727641A94955098 en Retrieved 15 January 2018 Appendices CITES cites org Retrieved 2022 01 14 Raman T R Shankar 2001 Observations on the Oriental Bay Owl Phodilus badius and range extension in the Western Ghats India PDF Forktail 17 110 111 De Souza Jennifer De Souza Qupeleio 5 April 2010 An injured Oriental Bay Owl Phodilus badius in Goa India PDF Indian Birds 5 5 155 Oriental Bay Owl Phodilus badius Information Pictures Sounds Teng Liwei et al A Preliminary Observation of Breeding Habits of Oriental Bay Owl A Preliminary Observation of Breeding Habits of Oriental Bay Owl Journal of Northeast Forestry University 2004年01期 2004 http en cnki com cn Article en CJFDTotal DBLY200401012 htm Oriental Bay Owl Phodilus badius Information Pictures Sounds Oriental Bay Owl Phodilus badius Information Pictures Sounds Oriental Bay Owl Phodilus badius Information Pictures Sounds Oriental Bay Owl Phodilus badius Information Pictures Sounds Teng Liwei et al A Preliminary Observation of Breeding Habits of Oriental Bay Owl A Preliminary Observation of Breeding Habits of Oriental Bay Owl Journal of Northeast Forestry University 2004年01期 2004 http en cnki com cn Article en CJFDTotal DBLY200401012 htm Bruce M D 1999 15 Oriental Bay owl In del Hoyo J Elliott A amp Sargatal J eds Handbook of Birds of the World Volume 5 Barn owls to Hummingbirds 75 plate 3 Lynx Edicions Barcelona ISBN 84 87334 25 3 Raman T R Shankar 2001 Observations on the Oriental Bay Owl Phodilus badius and range extension in the Western Ghats India PDF Forktail 17 110 111 De Souza Jennifer De Souza Qupeleio 5 April 2010 An injured Oriental Bay Owl Phodilus badius in Goa India PDF Indian Birds 5 5 155 Teng Liwei et al A Preliminary Observation of Breeding Habits of Oriental Bay Owl A Preliminary Observation of Breeding Habits of Oriental Bay Owl Journal of Northeast Forestry University 2004年01期 2004 http en cnki com cn Article en CJFDTotal DBLY200401012 htmExternal links editARKive images and movies of the Oriental bay owl Phodilus badius Handbook of the Birds of the World 4 nbsp This owl related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Oriental bay owl amp oldid 1212828221, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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