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Peter Richard Kenrick

Peter Richard Kenrick (August 17, 1806 – March 4, 1896) was an Irish Catholic priest who served as Bishop of St. Louis from 1843 to 1895. The see was made an archdiocese in 1847, when he was called as the first archbishop west of the Mississippi River. The archdiocese covered nearly all the territory of the Louisiana Purchase. He served in this position for nearly 50 years, until months before his death.

Most Reverend

Peter Richard Kenrick
Archbishop of St. Louis
ChurchCatholic Church
AppointedJuly 20, 1847
Term endedMay 21, 1895
PredecessorJoseph Rosati, C.M.
SuccessorJohn Joseph Kain
Other post(s)Titular Bishop of Draso (1841–1843)
Coadjutor bishop of St. Louis (1841–1843)
Bishop of St. Louis (1843–1847)
Titular Archbishop of Marcianopolis (1895–1896)
Orders
OrdinationMarch 6, 1832
by Daniel Murray
ConsecrationNovember 30, 1841
by Joseph Rosati
Personal details
Born(1806-09-17)September 17, 1806
DiedMarch 4, 1896(1896-03-04) (aged 89)
St. Louis, Missouri, US
BuriedCalvary Cemetery, St. Louis
Signature
Ordination history of
Peter Richard Kenrick
History
Episcopal consecration
Consecrated byJoseph Rosati, C.M.
DateNovember 30, 1841
Episcopal succession
Bishops consecrated by Peter Richard Kenrick as principal consecrator
James Oliver Van de Velde, S.J.September 16, 1827
John McGillJuly 23, 1850
John Baptiste Miège, S.J.March 25, 1851
Anthony O'ReganJuly 25, 1854
James DugganMay 3, 1857
Clement Smyth, O.C.S.O.May 9, 1857
James O'Gorman, O.C.S.O.May 8, 1859
James Whelan, O.P.May 8, 1859
Thomas Langdon Grace, O.P.July 24, 1859
Patrick FeehanNovember 12, 1865
John HennessySeptember 30, 1866
Joseph MelcherJuly 12, 1868
John Joseph HoganSeptember 13, 1868
Patrick John RyanApril 14, 1872
Thomas BonacumNovember 30, 1887
Thomas BonacumNovember 30, 1887
John Joseph HennessyNovember 30, 1888

Kenrick was born and raised in Dublin, Ireland, where he was educated at Maynooth College and ordained as a priest in 1832. He and his older brother Francis Kenrick both served all their lives as priests and officials in the Catholic Church in the United States. For a time they both served in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Early life, ordination, and emigration edit

Peter Richard Kenrick was born in Dublin on August 17, 1806.[1] He was educated at Maynooth College, and ordained to the priesthood in 1832 by Archbishop Murray of Dublin. Prior to entering the seminary, he worked with and befriended poet James Clarence Mangan.[2]

In 1833, the year following his ordination, Peter Kenrick emigrated to the United States with his older brother, Francis Kenrick, who had also been ordained. They both served initially in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Francis Kenrick eventually became the Bishop of Philadelphia and later the Archbishop of Baltimore.[2]

In his early years as a priest in Philadelphia, Father Kenrick wrote several works relating to Catholic theology and church history. One of his works, Validity of Anglican Ordinations examined (1841), was not challenged for over a century. He held a number of posts in the Philadelphia church, until he was appointed coadjutor bishop of Saint Louis, Missouri in 1841.

At the time, the diocese included the entire vast area of the Louisiana Purchase, except for Iowa, Louisiana, and Minnesota. In 1847, when the diocese became an archdiocese, Kenrick became the first archbishop of the newly created archdiocese. The city of Saint Louis grew almost thirtyfold over the term of his residency.

Bishop edit

During his tenure in St. Louis, Father Kenrick visited many parts of the state of Missouri and actively encouraged the development of Catholicism and Catholic institutions in his diocese. He started a Catholic journal, opened a seminary in the city of Carondelet, Missouri, which was then independent, and invited a number of Roman Catholic religious institutes to work in the diocese.

During the period of the American Civil War and its aftermath, Kenrick maintained a neutral position in a city and state whose residents were of widely divergent opinions on the matter. After the war ended, he urged the priests in his diocese to refuse to take the ironclad oath, which was intended to ensure that no person who had supported the Confederate position would ever achieve a position of influence. He supported those who refused. One of these priests, the Reverend John A. Cummings, filed the case on this oath which reached the United States Supreme Court. It ruled that it was unconstitutional for the government to demand that people take this oath.

Father Kenrick took part in the second Plenary Council of Baltimore, where he advocated that the affairs of the Catholic Church in the United States be handled locally wherever possible. This position earned him a number of detractors and opponents. During the First Vatican Council, he opposed the centralization of church authority in Rome and did not support the declaration of the dogma of Papal infallibility. When it was defined dogmatically, he accepted the opinion of the majority. His failure to support this issue increased the number and prominence of his detractors.

It is known that Kenrick also owned slaves.[3]

Later life edit

After harassment by his detractors and members of the curia made life difficult for him, Father Kenrick turned over the administration of the archdiocese to his coadjutor bishop, Patrick John Ryan, in 1871. Upon Ryan being made the Archbishop of Philadelphia, the diocese which Kenrick's brother Francis had previously headed, Kenrick took back active administration of his diocese.

During the period when the Knights of Labor, a strongly Roman Catholic labor union and the first national labor union, turned to violence in seeking their goals, Kenrick vocally opposed them and condemned their actions. However, the higher-ranking Cardinal James Gibbons, the Archbishop of Baltimore, overruled his objections.

In 1893, Kenrick's attempt to name his coadjutor bishop failed when his nominee did not win the support of his fellow bishops. John Joseph Kain was appointed to fill the role instead. Kenrick's conflicts and failed communication with Kain lent a note of discord to his final years.[4] While Kenrick continued as archbishop, Kain was given responsibility for administration of the archdiocese.

With advancing age, Kenrick became increasingly infirm. In 1895 he was canonically deposed by Pope Leo XIII because of physical incapacitation due to infirmity.[5]

He died on March 4, 1896, and is buried in Calvary Cemetery in St. Louis. Kenrick had established this cemetery on the property of a farm he bought.[6][7] The seminary of the Archdiocese of St. Louis, Kenrick-Glennon Seminary, formerly known as Kenrick Theological Seminary, is named in his honor.

References edit

  1. ^ Johnson, Rossiter; Brown, John Howard, eds. (1904). The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans. Vol. VI. Boston: The Biographical Society. Retrieved May 1, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
  2. ^ a b O'Shea, J.J. (1910). "Francis Patrick and Peter Richard Kenrick". In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved May 1, 2022 from New Advent.
  3. ^ "Archdiocese's research into history with slavery reveals three bishops, priests as slaveowners". www.archstl.org. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
  4. ^ "Kain is Ruler, Archbishop Kenrick Divested of His Power". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. September 25, 1893. p. 1. Retrieved May 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ^ "Archbishop Kenrick is Deposed; The Physical Infirmity of the St. Louis Prelate Causes the Pope to Take Action -- Bishop Kain Succeeds". The New York Times. St. Louis. June 4, 1895. p. 1. Retrieved May 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ^ "Peter Richard Kenrick, the Aged Archbishop of St. Louis, is No More". Iron County Register. St. Louis. March 12, 1896. p. 6. Retrieved May 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ^ "Archbishop Kenrick Buried". The Times. St. Louis. March 12, 1896. p. 5. Retrieved May 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Peter Richard Kenrick at Wikimedia Commons
  • Peter Richard Kenrick at Find a Grave
  • Christensen, Lawrence O., et al., Dictionary of Missouri Biography. Columbia, MO and London:University of Missouri Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8262-1222-0

peter, richard, kenrick, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, 20. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Peter Richard Kenrick news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2014 Learn how and when to remove this message Peter Richard Kenrick August 17 1806 March 4 1896 was an Irish Catholic priest who served as Bishop of St Louis from 1843 to 1895 The see was made an archdiocese in 1847 when he was called as the first archbishop west of the Mississippi River The archdiocese covered nearly all the territory of the Louisiana Purchase He served in this position for nearly 50 years until months before his death Most ReverendPeter Richard KenrickArchbishop of St LouisChurchCatholic ChurchAppointedJuly 20 1847Term endedMay 21 1895PredecessorJoseph Rosati C M SuccessorJohn Joseph KainOther post s Titular Bishop of Draso 1841 1843 Coadjutor bishop of St Louis 1841 1843 Bishop of St Louis 1843 1847 Titular Archbishop of Marcianopolis 1895 1896 OrdersOrdinationMarch 6 1832by Daniel MurrayConsecrationNovember 30 1841by Joseph RosatiPersonal detailsBorn 1806 09 17 September 17 1806Dublin United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandDiedMarch 4 1896 1896 03 04 aged 89 St Louis Missouri USBuriedCalvary Cemetery St LouisSignature Ordination history of Peter Richard KenrickHistoryEpiscopal consecrationConsecrated byJoseph Rosati C M DateNovember 30 1841Episcopal successionBishops consecrated by Peter Richard Kenrick as principal consecratorJames Oliver Van de Velde S J September 16 1827John McGillJuly 23 1850John Baptiste Miege S J March 25 1851Anthony O ReganJuly 25 1854James DugganMay 3 1857Clement Smyth O C S O May 9 1857James O Gorman O C S O May 8 1859James Whelan O P May 8 1859Thomas Langdon Grace O P July 24 1859Patrick FeehanNovember 12 1865John HennessySeptember 30 1866Joseph MelcherJuly 12 1868John Joseph HoganSeptember 13 1868Patrick John RyanApril 14 1872Thomas BonacumNovember 30 1887Thomas BonacumNovember 30 1887John Joseph HennessyNovember 30 1888 Kenrick was born and raised in Dublin Ireland where he was educated at Maynooth College and ordained as a priest in 1832 He and his older brother Francis Kenrick both served all their lives as priests and officials in the Catholic Church in the United States For a time they both served in Philadelphia Pennsylvania Contents 1 Early life ordination and emigration 2 Bishop 3 Later life 4 References 5 External linksEarly life ordination and emigration editPeter Richard Kenrick was born in Dublin on August 17 1806 1 He was educated at Maynooth College and ordained to the priesthood in 1832 by Archbishop Murray of Dublin Prior to entering the seminary he worked with and befriended poet James Clarence Mangan 2 In 1833 the year following his ordination Peter Kenrick emigrated to the United States with his older brother Francis Kenrick who had also been ordained They both served initially in Philadelphia Pennsylvania Francis Kenrick eventually became the Bishop of Philadelphia and later the Archbishop of Baltimore 2 In his early years as a priest in Philadelphia Father Kenrick wrote several works relating to Catholic theology and church history One of his works Validity of Anglican Ordinations examined 1841 was not challenged for over a century He held a number of posts in the Philadelphia church until he was appointed coadjutor bishop of Saint Louis Missouri in 1841 At the time the diocese included the entire vast area of the Louisiana Purchase except for Iowa Louisiana and Minnesota In 1847 when the diocese became an archdiocese Kenrick became the first archbishop of the newly created archdiocese The city of Saint Louis grew almost thirtyfold over the term of his residency Bishop editDuring his tenure in St Louis Father Kenrick visited many parts of the state of Missouri and actively encouraged the development of Catholicism and Catholic institutions in his diocese He started a Catholic journal opened a seminary in the city of Carondelet Missouri which was then independent and invited a number of Roman Catholic religious institutes to work in the diocese During the period of the American Civil War and its aftermath Kenrick maintained a neutral position in a city and state whose residents were of widely divergent opinions on the matter After the war ended he urged the priests in his diocese to refuse to take the ironclad oath which was intended to ensure that no person who had supported the Confederate position would ever achieve a position of influence He supported those who refused One of these priests the Reverend John A Cummings filed the case on this oath which reached the United States Supreme Court It ruled that it was unconstitutional for the government to demand that people take this oath Father Kenrick took part in the second Plenary Council of Baltimore where he advocated that the affairs of the Catholic Church in the United States be handled locally wherever possible This position earned him a number of detractors and opponents During the First Vatican Council he opposed the centralization of church authority in Rome and did not support the declaration of the dogma of Papal infallibility When it was defined dogmatically he accepted the opinion of the majority His failure to support this issue increased the number and prominence of his detractors It is known that Kenrick also owned slaves 3 Later life editAfter harassment by his detractors and members of the curia made life difficult for him Father Kenrick turned over the administration of the archdiocese to his coadjutor bishop Patrick John Ryan in 1871 Upon Ryan being made the Archbishop of Philadelphia the diocese which Kenrick s brother Francis had previously headed Kenrick took back active administration of his diocese During the period when the Knights of Labor a strongly Roman Catholic labor union and the first national labor union turned to violence in seeking their goals Kenrick vocally opposed them and condemned their actions However the higher ranking Cardinal James Gibbons the Archbishop of Baltimore overruled his objections In 1893 Kenrick s attempt to name his coadjutor bishop failed when his nominee did not win the support of his fellow bishops John Joseph Kain was appointed to fill the role instead Kenrick s conflicts and failed communication with Kain lent a note of discord to his final years 4 While Kenrick continued as archbishop Kain was given responsibility for administration of the archdiocese With advancing age Kenrick became increasingly infirm In 1895 he was canonically deposed by Pope Leo XIII because of physical incapacitation due to infirmity 5 He died on March 4 1896 and is buried in Calvary Cemetery in St Louis Kenrick had established this cemetery on the property of a farm he bought 6 7 The seminary of the Archdiocese of St Louis Kenrick Glennon Seminary formerly known as Kenrick Theological Seminary is named in his honor References edit Johnson Rossiter Brown John Howard eds 1904 The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans Vol VI Boston The Biographical Society Retrieved May 1 2022 via Internet Archive a b O Shea J J 1910 Francis Patrick and Peter Richard Kenrick In The Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company Retrieved May 1 2022 from New Advent Archdiocese s research into history with slavery reveals three bishops priests as slaveowners www archstl org Retrieved October 31 2023 Kain is Ruler Archbishop Kenrick Divested of His Power St Louis Post Dispatch September 25 1893 p 1 Retrieved May 1 2022 via Newspapers com Archbishop Kenrick is Deposed The Physical Infirmity of the St Louis Prelate Causes the Pope to Take Action Bishop Kain Succeeds The New York Times St Louis June 4 1895 p 1 Retrieved May 1 2022 via Newspapers com Peter Richard Kenrick the Aged Archbishop of St Louis is No More Iron County Register St Louis March 12 1896 p 6 Retrieved May 1 2022 via Newspapers com Archbishop Kenrick Buried The Times St Louis March 12 1896 p 5 Retrieved May 1 2022 via Newspapers com External links edit nbsp Media related to Peter Richard Kenrick at Wikimedia Commons Peter Richard Kenrick at Find a Grave Christensen Lawrence O et al Dictionary of Missouri Biography Columbia MO and London University of Missouri Press 1999 ISBN 0 8262 1222 0 Catholic Church titles Preceded byBishop Joseph Rosati Archbishop of St Louis1843 1895 Succeeded byJohn Joseph Kain Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Peter Richard Kenrick amp oldid 1197359333, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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