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Persecution of Kurds

January 01, 1970

The persecution of Kurds is the ethnic and political persecution which is inflicted upon Kurds by the governments of Iran, Syria, Turkey, and Iraq.

20th century edit

Earliest known persecution of Kurds was after World War I, the newly declared Turkish Republic leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk repudiated the Treaty of Sèvres which proposed a referendum be conducted in the Kurdish homeland. As a result, conflict continued between the Turkish military and the Kurds. This conflict still exists today.

After the Dersim rebellion, 13,160 civilians were killed by the Turkish Army and 11,818 people were exiled, depopulating the province.[1] Nuri Dersimi stated that many tribesmen were killed after surrendering, and women and children were locked into haysheds which were then lit on fire.[2] 30,000 Kurds were massacred by the Turkish Army after the rebellion.[3]

The Zilan massacre killed about 15,000 Kurdish civilians and the Zilan River was full to the brim with dead bodies.[4][5][6][7]

The Kuşkonar massacre killed 38 people, 13 in Koçağılı and 25 in Kuşkonar. Most of the victims were children, women or elderly, including seven babies. 13 people were injured.[8] Later the Turkish Armed Forces blamed the PKK and used the massacre as propaganda. The Turkish government refused to start investigating despite complaints of surviving villagers.[8][9]

The 3-year-long Anfal campaign Killed 50,000 to 100,000 non-combatant Kurdish civilians.[10] Kurdish officials claimed the figure could be as high as 182,000.[11] 1,754 schools, 270 hospitals, 2,450 mosques, 90% of the Kurdish villages were destroyed.;[12]

21st century edit

The 2021 Konya massacre was the killing of a Kurdish family in Turkey. 4 women and 3 men were killed as a result.[13][14] According to an interview given by members of the family to Duvar, the attackers where close to the far-right Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) who did not want to permit Kurds to live in the neighborhood.[15]

The Roboski massacre was the killings of 40 Kurdish villagers on the night of December 28, 2011. They were coming from Iraq towards the Turkish border. They were mostly teenagers from the Encü family of Ortasu (in Kurdish: Roboskî) in the Uludere district of Şırnak Province, Turkey.[13] They were smuggling cigarettes, diesel fuel and other goods into Turkey, riding on mules.[16][17][18]

Later in 2020, Pro-Iran protesters torched Kurdish party offices in Baghdad.[19]

List edit

Name Date Location Deaths
Diyarbakir massacre 1925 Diyarbakır 15,200[20]
Zilan massacre 1930 Van 15,000[21]
Zini Rift Massacre 1938 Kılıçkaya 95[22]
Muğlalı incident 1943 Özalp 32[23]
Maraş massacre 1978 Marash 3,000[24]
Kurdish villages depopulated by Turkey 1984–2009 Turkish Kurdistan 30,000[25]
August 1986 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq 1986 Iraqi Kurdistan 165[26]
Murder of Zübeyir Akkoç 1993 Diyarbakır 1[27]
Lice massacre 1993 Lice 30[28]
Vartinis massacre 1993 Muş 9[29]
Güçlükonak massacre [tr] 1996 Güçlükonak 11
Kuşkonar and Koçağılı massacre 1994 Şırnak 38[30]
26 July 1994 bombing of North Iraq 1994 Iraqi Kurdistan 79
December 2007 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq 2007 Iraqi Kurdistan 201
2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq 2008 Iraqi Kurdistan 237
2011 Hakkâri attack 2011 Hakkâri 72
August 2011 Turkey–Iraq cross-border raids 2011 167
Roboski massacre 2011 Uludere 34[31]
September 2012 Beytüşşebap attack 2012 Beytüşşebap 46
Triple murder of Kurdish activists in Paris 2013 Paris 3[32]
Death of Berkin Elvan 2014 Okmeydanı 1[33]
2015 police raids in Turkey 2015 Turkey 1
Siege of Silvan (2015) 2015 Silvan 12
2015 Hakkari assault 2015 Hakkâri 119
Siege of Sur (2016) 2015–2016 Sur 200
December 2015–February 2016 Cizre curfew 2015–2016 Cizre 178
April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq 2017 70
Turkish airstrikes on Sinjar (2018) 2018 Sinjar 5[34]
Murder of Deniz Poyraz 2021 Konak 1[35]
2021 Konya massacre 2021 Meram 7[36]
Turkish airstrikes on Sinjar (2021) 2021 Sinjar 11[37]
Zakho resort attack 2022 Zakho 9[38]
2022 Paris shooting 2022 Paris 3

References edit

  1. ^ "Resmi raporlarda Dersim katliamı: 13 bin kişi öldürüldü", Radikal, November 19, 2009. (in Turkish)
  2. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-21. Retrieved 2013-12-24.
  3. ^ Gerlach, Christian (2016). The Extermination of the European Jews. Cambridge University Press. p. 401. ISBN 978-0-521-88078-7. But by far the bloodiest violence targeted Kurds during the Dersim uprising of 1937–38, when Turkish troops massacred about 30,000 people.
  4. ^ Yusuf Mazhar, Cumhuriyet, 16 Temmuz 1930, ... Zilan harekatında imha edilenlerin sayısı 15.000 kadardır. Zilan Deresi ağzına kadar ceset dolmuştur... (in Turkish)
  5. ^ Ahmet Kahraman, ibid, p. 211, Karaköse, 14 (Özel muhabirimiz bildiriyor) ... (in Turkish)
  6. ^ Ayşe Hür, "Osmanlı'dan bugüne Kürtler ve Devlet-4" 2011-02-25 at the Wayback Machine, Taraf, October 23, 2008, Retrieved August 16, 2010. (in Turkish)
  7. ^ Ayşe Hür, "Bu kaçıncı isyan, bu kaçıncı harekât?" 2012-09-18 at the Wayback Machine, Taraf, December 23, 2007, Retrieved August 16, 2010. (in Turkish)
  8. ^ a b "Case of Benzer and others v. Turkey" (PDF). The European Court of Human Rights (Mass execution of Kurdish villagers): 57. 24 March 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  9. ^ "HÜLYA DİNÇER YAZDI: Hakikatin Gücü, Barışmanın İmkânı". Bianet - Bagimsiz Iletisim Agi. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  10. ^ GENOCIDE IN IRAQ Human Rights Watch, 1993
  11. ^ The Crimes of Saddam Hussein – 1988 The Anfal Campaign PBS Frontline
  12. ^ (PDF). Capiraq.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  13. ^ a b "Konya massacre: 'Turkey must confront racist hatred'". Bianet. 2 August 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
  14. ^ "Angriff auf kurdische Familie in Konya: Sieben Tote - UPDATE". Firat News Agency (in German). 2 August 2021. Retrieved 2021-08-02.
  15. ^ "Turkish ultranationalists attack Kurdish neighbors in Turkey's Konya". Gazete Duvar. 2021-12-07. Retrieved 2021-08-02.
  16. ^ . Aktif Haber (in Turkish). 2012-01-02. Archived from the original on 2012-01-08. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
  17. ^ "Questions grow over Uludere intel failure". Hürriyet Daily News. from the original on 2013-12-30. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
  18. ^ "35 Tabuta Kilometrelerce Gözyaşı". Haberler (in Turkish). 2011-12-30. from the original on 2012-01-08. Retrieved 2012-01-07.
  19. ^ "Pro-Iran protesters torch Kurd party offices in Baghdad".
  20. ^ Üngör, Ugur Ümit (2011), The making of modern Turkey : nation and state in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1950, Oxford University Press, p. 129, ISBN 9780199603602
  21. ^ Ahmet Kahraman, ibid, pp. 207–208. (in Turkish)
  22. ^ "Zini Gediği katliamına soruşturma". www.demokrathaber.org (in Turkish). Retrieved 2020-03-08.
  23. ^ Aras, Ramazan (2013-11-12). The Formation of Kurdishness in Turkey: Political Violence, Fear and Pain. Routledge. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-134-64871-9.
  24. ^ David McDowall (2004). A Modern History of the Kurds: Third Edition. I.B.Tauris. p. 415. ISBN 978-1-85043-416-0.
  25. ^ Jongerden, Joost (2007-05-28). The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds: An Analysis of Spatial Policies, Modernity and War. BRILL. p. 82. ISBN 978-90-474-2011-8.
  26. ^ Dosyaları, Türkiye ve Dünya Haberleri, Analizler, Yorumlar, Makaleler, Araştırma. "PKK'ya yönelik ilk hava harekatı böyle yapılmıştı". www.dunyabulteni.net/.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ . Archived from the original on May 2, 2008.
  28. ^ Ron, James; Watch (Organization), Human Rights (1995). Weapons Transfers and Violations of the Laws of War in Turkey. Human Rights Watch. ISBN 9781564321619.
  29. ^ . January 10, 2016. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016.
  30. ^ "Case of Benzer and others v. Turkey" (PDF). The European Court of Human Rights (Mass execution of Kurdish villagers): 57. 24 March 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  31. ^ . Aktif Haber (in Turkish). 2012-01-02. Archived from the original on 2012-01-08. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
  32. ^ "Les trois militantes kurdes ont été assassinées de plusieurs balles dans la tête". Le Monde.fr (in French). Agence France-Presse. 2013-01-11. Retrieved 2021-03-13.
  33. ^ "Çocuk mezarlığında yaşıyormuşuz". Yeni Özgür Politika (in Turkish). 1 July 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  34. ^ Turkey strikes YBŞ vehicles in Shingal, killing local PKK leader, Rudaw English
  35. ^ Kepenek, Evrim (18 June 2021). "Attack on HDP İzmir office: Party worker Deniz Poyraz killed". Bianet.
  36. ^ "Angriff auf kurdische Familie in Konya: Sieben Tote - UPDATE". Firat News Agency (in German). 2 August 2021. from the original on 2021-07-30. Retrieved 2021-08-02.
  37. ^ A commander and a fighter of YBŞ martyred in Turkish attack in Shengal, Firat News Agency, 16 August 2021
  38. ^ AFP. "Five Iraqis killed in shelling officials blame on Turkey". www.timesofisrael.com. from the original on 2022-07-20. Retrieved 2022-07-20.

January 01, 1970
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This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia s quality standards The specific problem is Inclusion of suggestions from Wikipedia Articles for deletion Persecution of Kurds Please help improve this article if you can September 2021 Learn how and when to remove this message The persecution of Kurds is the ethnic and political persecution which is inflicted upon Kurds by the governments of Iran Syria Turkey and Iraq Contents 1 20th century 2 21st century 3 List 4 References20th century editEarliest known persecution of Kurds was after World War I the newly declared Turkish Republic leader Mustafa Kemal Ataturk repudiated the Treaty of Sevres which proposed a referendum be conducted in the Kurdish homeland As a result conflict continued between the Turkish military and the Kurds This conflict still exists today After the Dersim rebellion 13 160 civilians were killed by the Turkish Army and 11 818 people were exiled depopulating the province 1 Nuri Dersimi stated that many tribesmen were killed after surrendering and women and children were locked into haysheds which were then lit on fire 2 30 000 Kurds were massacred by the Turkish Army after the rebellion 3 The Zilan massacre killed about 15 000 Kurdish civilians and the Zilan River was full to the brim with dead bodies 4 5 6 7 The Kuskonar massacre killed 38 people 13 in Kocagili and 25 in Kuskonar Most of the victims were children women or elderly including seven babies 13 people were injured 8 Later the Turkish Armed Forces blamed the PKK and used the massacre as propaganda The Turkish government refused to start investigating despite complaints of surviving villagers 8 9 The 3 year long Anfal campaign Killed 50 000 to 100 000 non combatant Kurdish civilians 10 Kurdish officials claimed the figure could be as high as 182 000 11 1 754 schools 270 hospitals 2 450 mosques 90 of the Kurdish villages were destroyed 12 21st century editThe 2021 Konya massacre was the killing of a Kurdish family in Turkey 4 women and 3 men were killed as a result 13 14 According to an interview given by members of the family to Duvar the attackers where close to the far right Nationalist Movement Party MHP who did not want to permit Kurds to live in the neighborhood 15 The Roboski massacre was the killings of 40 Kurdish villagers on the night of December 28 2011 They were coming from Iraq towards the Turkish border They were mostly teenagers from the Encu family of Ortasu in Kurdish Roboski in the Uludere district of Sirnak Province Turkey 13 They were smuggling cigarettes diesel fuel and other goods into Turkey riding on mules 16 17 18 Later in 2020 Pro Iran protesters torched Kurdish party offices in Baghdad 19 List editName Date Location Deaths Diyarbakir massacre 1925 Diyarbakir 15 200 20 Zilan massacre 1930 Van 15 000 21 Zini Rift Massacre 1938 Kilickaya 95 22 Muglali incident 1943 Ozalp 32 23 Maras massacre 1978 Marash 3 000 24 Kurdish villages depopulated by Turkey 1984 2009 Turkish Kurdistan 30 000 25 August 1986 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq 1986 Iraqi Kurdistan 165 26 Murder of Zubeyir Akkoc 1993 Diyarbakir 1 27 Lice massacre 1993 Lice 30 28 Vartinis massacre 1993 Mus 9 29 Guclukonak massacre tr 1996 Guclukonak 11 Kuskonar and Kocagili massacre 1994 Sirnak 38 30 26 July 1994 bombing of North Iraq 1994 Iraqi Kurdistan 79 December 2007 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq 2007 Iraqi Kurdistan 201 2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq 2008 Iraqi Kurdistan 237 2011 Hakkari attack 2011 Hakkari 72 August 2011 Turkey Iraq cross border raids 2011 167 Roboski massacre 2011 Uludere 34 31 September 2012 Beytussebap attack 2012 Beytussebap 46 Triple murder of Kurdish activists in Paris 2013 Paris 3 32 Death of Berkin Elvan 2014 Okmeydani 1 33 2015 police raids in Turkey 2015 Turkey 1 Siege of Silvan 2015 2015 Silvan 12 2015 Hakkari assault 2015 Hakkari 119 Siege of Sur 2016 2015 2016 Sur 200 December 2015 February 2016 Cizre curfew 2015 2016 Cizre 178 April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq 2017 70 Turkish airstrikes on Sinjar 2018 2018 Sinjar 5 34 Murder of Deniz Poyraz 2021 Konak 1 35 2021 Konya massacre 2021 Meram 7 36 Turkish airstrikes on Sinjar 2021 2021 Sinjar 11 37 Zakho resort attack 2022 Zakho 9 38 2022 Paris shooting 2022 Paris 3References edit Resmi raporlarda Dersim katliami 13 bin kisi olduruldu Radikal November 19 2009 in Turkish The Suppression of the Dersim Rebellion in Turkey 1937 38 Page 4 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2013 05 21 Retrieved 2013 12 24 Gerlach Christian 2016 The Extermination of the European Jews Cambridge University Press p 401 ISBN 978 0 521 88078 7 But by far the bloodiest violence targeted Kurds during the Dersim uprising of 1937 38 when Turkish troops massacred about 30 000 people Yusuf Mazhar Cumhuriyet 16 Temmuz 1930 Zilan harekatinda imha edilenlerin sayisi 15 000 kadardir Zilan Deresi agzina kadar ceset dolmustur in Turkish Ahmet Kahraman ibid p 211 Karakose 14 Ozel muhabirimiz bildiriyor in Turkish Ayse Hur Osmanli dan bugune Kurtler ve Devlet 4 Archived 2011 02 25 at the Wayback Machine Taraf October 23 2008 Retrieved August 16 2010 in Turkish Ayse Hur Bu kacinci isyan bu kacinci harekat Archived 2012 09 18 at the Wayback Machine Taraf December 23 2007 Retrieved August 16 2010 in Turkish a b Case of Benzer and others v Turkey PDF The European Court of Human Rights Mass execution of Kurdish villagers 57 24 March 2014 Retrieved 29 December 2015 HULYA DINCER YAZDI Hakikatin Gucu Barismanin Imkani Bianet Bagimsiz Iletisim Agi Retrieved 3 April 2016 GENOCIDE IN IRAQ Human Rights Watch 1993 The Crimes of Saddam Hussein 1988 The Anfal Campaign PBS Frontline List of the churches been demolished by Saddam Hussein s regime PDF Capiraq org Archived from the original PDF on 23 March 2017 Retrieved 31 August 2013 a b Konya massacre Turkey must confront racist hatred Bianet 2 August 2021 Retrieved 2 August 2021 Angriff auf kurdische Familie in Konya Sieben Tote UPDATE Firat News Agency in German 2 August 2021 Retrieved 2021 08 02 Turkish ultranationalists attack Kurdish neighbors in Turkey s Konya Gazete Duvar 2021 12 07 Retrieved 2021 08 02 Uludere de Sag Kurtulan Encu Anlatti Aktif Haber in Turkish 2012 01 02 Archived from the original on 2012 01 08 Retrieved 2012 01 06 Questions grow over Uludere intel failure Hurriyet Daily News Archived from the original on 2013 12 30 Retrieved 2012 01 06 35 Tabuta Kilometrelerce Gozyasi Haberler in Turkish 2011 12 30 Archived from the original on 2012 01 08 Retrieved 2012 01 07 Pro Iran protesters torch Kurd party offices in Baghdad Ungor Ugur Umit 2011 The making of modern Turkey nation and state in Eastern Anatolia 1913 1950 Oxford University Press p 129 ISBN 9780199603602 Ahmet Kahraman ibid pp 207 208 in Turkish Zini Gedigi katliamina sorusturma www demokrathaber org in Turkish Retrieved 2020 03 08 Aras Ramazan 2013 11 12 The Formation of Kurdishness in Turkey Political Violence Fear and Pain Routledge p 65 ISBN 978 1 134 64871 9 David McDowall 2004 A Modern History of the Kurds Third Edition I B Tauris p 415 ISBN 978 1 85043 416 0 Jongerden Joost 2007 05 28 The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds An Analysis of Spatial Policies Modernity and War BRILL p 82 ISBN 978 90 474 2011 8 Dosyalari Turkiye ve Dunya Haberleri Analizler Yorumlar Makaleler Arastirma PKK ya yonelik ilk hava harekati boyle yapilmisti www dunyabulteni net a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Akkoc v Turkey Judgement of October 10 2000 Archived from the original on May 2 2008 Ron James Watch Organization Human Rights 1995 Weapons Transfers and Violations of the Laws of War in Turkey Human Rights Watch ISBN 9781564321619 Turkish military guilty of killing family of 9 blamed on PKK fo January 10 2016 Archived from the original on 10 January 2016 Case of Benzer and others v Turkey PDF The European Court of Human Rights Mass execution of Kurdish villagers 57 24 March 2014 Retrieved 29 December 2015 Uludere de Sag Kurtulan Encu Anlatti Aktif Haber in Turkish 2012 01 02 Archived from the original on 2012 01 08 Retrieved 2012 01 06 Les trois militantes kurdes ont ete assassinees de plusieurs balles dans la tete Le Monde fr in French Agence France Presse 2013 01 11 Retrieved 2021 03 13 Cocuk mezarliginda yasiyormusuz Yeni Ozgur Politika in Turkish 1 July 2014 Retrieved 12 April 2020 Turkey strikes YBS vehicles in Shingal killing local PKK leader Rudaw English Kepenek Evrim 18 June 2021 Attack on HDP Izmir office Party worker Deniz Poyraz killed Bianet Angriff auf kurdische Familie in Konya Sieben Tote UPDATE Firat News Agency in German 2 August 2021 Archived from the original on 2021 07 30 Retrieved 2021 08 02 A commander and a fighter of YBS martyred in Turkish attack in Shengal Firat News Agency 16 August 2021 AFP Five Iraqis killed in shelling officials blame on Turkey www timesofisrael com Archived from the original on 2022 07 20 Retrieved 2022 07 20 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Persecution of Kurds amp oldid 1224194015, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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