The peritrichs were first defined by Friedrich von Stein in 1859. Initially they were considered spirotrichs, then treated as a separate category, before receiving their modern placement.
They are usually bell or disc shaped, with a prominent paroral membrane arising from the oral cavity and circling counter-clockwise around the anterior of the cell, accompanied by a smaller series of membranelles. The oral cavity is apical and funnel shaped, with a contractile vacuole discharging directly into it. When disturbed, the anterior of the cell can contract. The rest of the body is unciliated, except for a telotroch band circling the posterior in mobile species and stages.
Order Sessilida
The larger order of Peritrichia are the Sessilida. Most of these have modified posterior kinetosomes which secrete a contractile stalk. The unattached stage, called a telotroch, is mouthless. These are common in both freshwater and marine environments, and many live attached to aquatic plants and animals. They are either solitary or produce branched colonies. A few secrete a lorica. Vorticella is one of the best-known genera. Stalks may be as long as 2 mm, and in some cases where they are highly contractile can be extended up to 3 mm.
The other peritrichis make up the order Mobilida. In these the posterior of the cell is enlarged and modified to form a complex holdfast, allowing the cell to temporarily attach to some host organism. Most live on the integument or gills of freshwater and marine invertebrates, but other hosts occur, including fish and even other ciliates, and other locations as well. Some can be pathogenic for fish.[1][2]
References
^Esch GW, Hazen TC, Dimock RV, Gibbons JW (1976). "Thermal effluent and the epizootiology of the ciliate Epistylis and the bacterium Aeromonas in association with centrarchid fish". Transactions of the American Microscopical Society. 95 (4): 687–693. doi:10.2307/3225393. JSTOR 3225393.
^Pickering, A. D.; Strong, A. J.; Pollard, J. (1985). "Differences in the susceptibility of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., and American brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), to infestation by the peritrich ciliate, Scyphidia sp". Journal of Fish Biology. 26 (2): 201–208. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1985.tb04257.x. ISSN 1095-8649.
Further reading
Liu, Xihan; Gong, Jun (December 7, 2012). "Revealing the Diversity and Quantity of Peritrich Ciliates in Environmental Samples Using Specific Primer-based PCR and Quantitative PCR". Microbes and Environments. 27 (4): 497–503. doi:10.1264/jsme2.ME12056. PMC4103560. PMID 23100023.
Safi, Lucia SL; Fontoura, Nelson F; Severo, Henrique J (April 2014). "Temporal structure of the peritrich ciliate assemblage in a large Neotropical lake". Zoological Studies. 53 (1): 17–29. doi:10.1186/s40555-014-0017-3.
Wang, Hongliang; Clamp, John C.; Shi, Xinlu (July 2012). "Evolution of Variations in the Common Pattern of Stomatogenesis in Peritrich Ciliates: Evidence from a Comparative Study Including a New Description of Stomatogenesis in Pseudepistylis songi Peng et al., 2007". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 59 (4): 300–324. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00621.x.
Gouda, Hanaa A. (November 2006). "The effect of peritrich ciliates on some freshwater leeches from Assiut, Egypt". Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 93 (3): 143–149. doi:10.1016/j.jip.2006.06.005. PMID 16905145.
Amos, A. (January 1972). "Structure and coiling of the stalk in the peritrich ciliates Vorticella and Carchesium". Journal of Cell Science. 10 (1): 95–122. PMID 4622792.
Alvarez-Campos, Patricia; Fernandez-Leborans, Gregorio; Verdes, Aida; San Martin, Guillermo; Martin, Daniel; Riesgo, Ana (October 2014). "The tag-along friendship: epibiotic protozoans and syllid polychaetes. Implications for the taxonomy of Syllidae (Annelida), and description of three new species of Rhabdostyla and Cothurnia (Ciliophora, Peritrichia)" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 172 (2): 265–281. doi:10.1111/zoj.12168. hdl:10261/102674.
peritrich, peritrichs, latin, large, distinctive, group, ciliates, sscientific, classificationdomain, eukaryota, unranked, unranked, alveolataphylum, ciliophorasubphylum, intramacronucleataclass, oligohymenophoreasubclass, iastein, 1859typical, orderssessilida. The peritrichs Latin Peritrichia are a large and distinctive group of ciliates PeritrichsScientific classificationDomain Eukaryota unranked SAR unranked AlveolataPhylum CiliophoraSubphylum IntramacronucleataClass OligohymenophoreaSubclass PeritrichiaStein 1859Typical ordersSessilidaMobilidaThe peritrichs were first defined by Friedrich von Stein in 1859 Initially they were considered spirotrichs then treated as a separate category before receiving their modern placement Contents 1 Structure 2 Order Sessilida 3 Order Mobilida 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksStructure EditThey are usually bell or disc shaped with a prominent paroral membrane arising from the oral cavity and circling counter clockwise around the anterior of the cell accompanied by a smaller series of membranelles The oral cavity is apical and funnel shaped with a contractile vacuole discharging directly into it When disturbed the anterior of the cell can contract The rest of the body is unciliated except for a telotroch band circling the posterior in mobile species and stages Order Sessilida EditThe larger order of Peritrichia are the Sessilida Most of these have modified posterior kinetosomes which secrete a contractile stalk The unattached stage called a telotroch is mouthless These are common in both freshwater and marine environments and many live attached to aquatic plants and animals They are either solitary or produce branched colonies A few secrete a lorica Vorticella is one of the best known genera Stalks may be as long as 2 mm and in some cases where they are highly contractile can be extended up to 3 mm Zoothamnium niveumOrder Mobilida EditThe other peritrichis make up the order Mobilida In these the posterior of the cell is enlarged and modified to form a complex holdfast allowing the cell to temporarily attach to some host organism Most live on the integument or gills of freshwater and marine invertebrates but other hosts occur including fish and even other ciliates and other locations as well Some can be pathogenic for fish 1 2 References Edit Esch GW Hazen TC Dimock RV Gibbons JW 1976 Thermal effluent and the epizootiology of the ciliate Epistylis and the bacterium Aeromonas in association with centrarchid fish Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 95 4 687 693 doi 10 2307 3225393 JSTOR 3225393 Pickering A D Strong A J Pollard J 1985 Differences in the susceptibility of brown trout Salmo trutta L and American brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill to infestation by the peritrich ciliate Scyphidia sp Journal of Fish Biology 26 2 201 208 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8649 1985 tb04257 x ISSN 1095 8649 Further reading EditLiu Xihan Gong Jun December 7 2012 Revealing the Diversity and Quantity of Peritrich Ciliates in Environmental Samples Using Specific Primer based PCR and Quantitative PCR Microbes and Environments 27 4 497 503 doi 10 1264 jsme2 ME12056 PMC 4103560 PMID 23100023 Safi Lucia SL Fontoura Nelson F Severo Henrique J April 2014 Temporal structure of the peritrich ciliate assemblage in a large Neotropical lake Zoological Studies 53 1 17 29 doi 10 1186 s40555 014 0017 3 Wang Hongliang Clamp John C Shi Xinlu July 2012 Evolution of Variations in the Common Pattern of Stomatogenesis in Peritrich Ciliates Evidence from a Comparative Study Including a New Description of Stomatogenesis in Pseudepistylis songi Peng et al 2007 Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 4 300 324 doi 10 1111 j 1550 7408 2012 00621 x Gouda Hanaa A November 2006 The effect of peritrich ciliates on some freshwater leeches from Assiut Egypt Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 93 3 143 149 doi 10 1016 j jip 2006 06 005 PMID 16905145 Amos A January 1972 Structure and coiling of the stalk in the peritrich ciliates Vorticella and Carchesium Journal of Cell Science 10 1 95 122 PMID 4622792 Alvarez Campos Patricia Fernandez Leborans Gregorio Verdes Aida San Martin Guillermo Martin Daniel Riesgo Ana October 2014 The tag along friendship epibiotic protozoans and syllid polychaetes Implications for the taxonomy of Syllidae Annelida and description of three new species of Rhabdostyla and Cothurnia Ciliophora Peritrichia PDF Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 172 2 265 281 doi 10 1111 zoj 12168 hdl 10261 102674 External links Edithttp eol org pages 2909715 entries 29157118 overview https commons wikimedia org wiki File 20140728 Peritrichida webm This ciliate related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Peritrich amp oldid 1132799146, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
