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Perceptual asynchrony refers to the phenomenon of two simultaneously presented attributes of the visual world being perceived by humans asynchronously instead of simultaneously.[1]
Perceptual asynchrony was first demonstrated in 1997 by Konstantinos Moutoussis and Semir Zeki.[1] The Moutoussis and Zeki provided evidence that people perceive the color and direction of motion of a visual stimulus with a time lag - they may perceive the color before the direction of motion. They quantified this time gap to be between 70 – 80 milliseconds.
Descriptionedit
The experiments through which perceptual asynchrony was derived were pairing experiments in which subjects are asked to determine the color and direction of a single stimulus that is moving up and down (or right and left) and changing its color from, say red to green, while doing so – the change in the color and direction of motion being in and out of phase with respect to each other.
Minor variations of the 1997 experiment have yielded similar results.[2][3][4][5][6][7] An apparent asynchrony has also been documented for other visual features. For example, one study found evidence suggesting that the color of lines is perceived about 40 milliseconds before their orientation.[8][9][10] The degree of perceptual asynchrony can be considerably reduced by manipulating the stimuli in a variety of ways,[11][12][13] which complicates its attribution to a simple difference in processing times for color and motion.
Interpretationedit
According to Moutoussis and Zeki, the phenomenon shows:
that two attributes, presented simultaneously in terms of physical reality, are not perceived simultaneously but asynchronously;
that, as a result, the brain incorrectly binds the two presented attributes, in other words that it binds an attribute perceived at one moment with the other attribute that had been perceived some 40 to 80 ms earlier;
that, consequently, there is no brain system or area that “waits” for all visual attributes to be brought up to a perceptual level before binding them together to give a percept in which the two attributes are seen in perfect registration.
Zeki went on to propose that color, motion, and shape are experienced via separate "micro-consciousnesses" evoked by distinct brain areas.[14]
The theory that the phenomenon is caused by difference in color and motion processing time has been challenged by multiple lines of evidence. For example, the evidence for an asynchrony is much smaller or absent when people are asked to judge the relative timing of color and motion changes rather than their pairing.[15][16][17] Perceiving changes in a feature seems to require less feature processing and yields higher temporal precision than the conventional feature pairing judgment.[18] This suggests a complex picture of how the timing of events is represented rather than a simple processing latency that applies to all aspects or uses of an event.
Nishida & Johnston proposed that the brain ordinarily relies on the neural responses evoked by the onset of a feature to estimate its relative timing and thereby compensate for the variation in processing times for different features. Nishida & Johnston suggested that these onset responses or "transients" are disrupted by dynamic displays such as that of Moutoussis & Zeki, because the constant motion means that transient responses occur continuously, preventing them from signaling the specific onset time of the motion.[15] Nishida & Johnston created displays in which the color onset also was not signalled by a unique feature and found that greatly reduced the asynchrony.
To further investigate what aspects of the intervals of color and motion determine the perceptual pairing, one study had participants judge the predominant pairing of color and motion when the alternating color and motion are of different durations. Changing the duration of the color, but not of the motion, shifted the timing required to maximize the consistency of pairing judgments. This suggested that the timing of the color onset was particularly important, as one would predict from the Nishida & Johnston timer-marker theory.[12] It was further found that the asynchrony could be eliminated by cuing with transients the time of the color and motion changes.[19]
Referencesedit
^ abMoutoussis K, Zeki S (March 1997). "A direct demonstration of perceptual asynchrony in vision". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 264 (1380): 393–9. Bibcode:1997RSPSB.264..393M. doi:10.1098/rspb.1997.0056. PMC1688275. PMID 9107055.
^Moutoussis K, Zeki S (October 1997). "Functional segregation and temporal hierarchy of the visual perceptive systems". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 264 (1387): 1407–14. Bibcode:1997RSPSB.264.1407M. doi:10.1098/rspb.1997.0196. PMC1688701. PMID 9364780.
^Zeki S, Moutoussis K (October 1997). "Temporal hierarchy of the visual perceptive systems in the Mondrian world". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 264 (1387): 1415–9. Bibcode:1997RSPSB.264.1415Z. doi:10.1098/rspb.1997.0197. PMC1688708. PMID 9364781.
^Arnold DH, Clifford CW, Wenderoth P (April 2001). "Asynchronous processing in vision: color leads motion". Current Biology. 11 (8): 596–600. doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00156-7. PMID 11369204. S2CID 3150786.
^Linares D, López-Moliner J (August 2006). "Perceptual asynchrony between color and motion with a single direction change". Journal of Vision. 6 (9): 974–81. doi:10.1167/6.9.10. PMID 17083289.
^Viviani P, Aymoz C (October 2001). "Colour, form, and movement are not perceived simultaneously". Vision Research. 41 (22): 2909–18. doi:10.1016/S0042-6989(01)00160-2. PMID 11701183. S2CID 17176776.
^Self E (2014-11-01). "Color–motion asynchrony assessed along the chromatic axes and with luminance variation". Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics. 76 (8): 2184–2188. doi:10.3758/s13414-014-0773-5. ISSN 1943-393X. PMID 25280522. S2CID 30061427.
^Yazdanbakhsh A, Nishina S, Watanabe T (2010-03-24). "Perceptual asynchrony between sinusoidally modulated luminance and depth". Journal of Vision. 9 (8): 54. doi:10.1167/9.8.54. ISSN 1534-7362.
^Žaric G, Yazdanbakhsh A, Nishina S, De Weerd P, Watanabe T (2015-11-25). "Perceived temporal asynchrony between sinusoidally modulated luminance and depth". Journal of Vision. 15 (15): 13. doi:10.1167/15.15.13. PMC5079707. PMID 26605842.
^ abHolcombe AO (2009-01-01). "Temporal binding favours the early phase of colour changes, but not of motion changes, yielding the colour–motion asynchrony illusion". Visual Cognition. 17 (1–2): 232–253. doi:10.1080/13506280802340653. ISSN 1350-6285. S2CID 27266824.
^Lo YT, Zeki S (2014). "Perceptual asynchrony for motion". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 8: 108. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00108. PMC3941194. PMID 24624071.
^Zeki S (2007). "A Theory of Micro-Consciousness". The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 580–588. doi:10.1002/9780470751466.ch46. ISBN978-0-470-75146-6.
^ abNishida S, Johnston A (March 2002). "Marker correspondence, not processing latency, determines temporal binding of visual attributes". Current Biology. 12 (5): 359–68. doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00698-x. PMID 11882286. S2CID 6587832.
^Huang, Jianrui; Su, Zhongbin; Zhou, Xiaolin (2023-01-10). "Revisiting the color-motion asynchrony". Journal of Vision. 23 (1): 6. doi:10.1167/jov.23.1.6. ISSN 1534-7362. PMC9838589. PMID 36626163.
^Bedell HE, Chung ST, Ogmen H, Patel SS (October 2003). "Color and motion: which is the tortoise and which is the hare?". Vision Research. 43 (23): 2403–12. doi:10.1016/S0042-6989(03)00436-X. PMID 12972391. S2CID 2146151.
^Fujisaki, Waka; Nishida, Shin'ya (2010-08-07). "A common perceptual temporal limit of binding synchronous inputs across different sensory attributes and modalities". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 277 (1692): 2281–2290. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0243. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC2894908. PMID 20335212.
^Holcombe AO, Cavanagh P (May 2008). "Independent, synchronous access to color and motion features". Cognition. 107 (2): 552–80. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2007.11.006. PMC2766571. PMID 18206865.
December 18, 2023
perceptual, asynchrony, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, needs, additional, more, specific, categories, please, help, adding, categories, . This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional or more specific categories Please help out by adding categories to it so that it can be listed with similar articles April 2021 This article needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information April 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Perceptual asynchrony refers to the phenomenon of two simultaneously presented attributes of the visual world being perceived by humans asynchronously instead of simultaneously 1 Perceptual asynchrony was first demonstrated in 1997 by Konstantinos Moutoussis and Semir Zeki 1 The Moutoussis and Zeki provided evidence that people perceive the color and direction of motion of a visual stimulus with a time lag they may perceive the color before the direction of motion They quantified this time gap to be between 70 80 milliseconds Description editThe experiments through which perceptual asynchrony was derived were pairing experiments in which subjects are asked to determine the color and direction of a single stimulus that is moving up and down or right and left and changing its color from say red to green while doing so the change in the color and direction of motion being in and out of phase with respect to each other Minor variations of the 1997 experiment have yielded similar results 2 3 4 5 6 7 An apparent asynchrony has also been documented for other visual features For example one study found evidence suggesting that the color of lines is perceived about 40 milliseconds before their orientation 8 9 10 The degree of perceptual asynchrony can be considerably reduced by manipulating the stimuli in a variety of ways 11 12 13 which complicates its attribution to a simple difference in processing times for color and motion Interpretation editAccording to Moutoussis and Zeki the phenomenon shows that two attributes presented simultaneously in terms of physical reality are not perceived simultaneously but asynchronously that as a result the brain incorrectly binds the two presented attributes in other words that it binds an attribute perceived at one moment with the other attribute that had been perceived some 40 to 80 ms earlier that consequently there is no brain system or area that waits for all visual attributes to be brought up to a perceptual level before binding them together to give a percept in which the two attributes are seen in perfect registration Zeki went on to propose that color motion and shape are experienced via separate micro consciousnesses evoked by distinct brain areas 14 The theory that the phenomenon is caused by difference in color and motion processing time has been challenged by multiple lines of evidence For example the evidence for an asynchrony is much smaller or absent when people are asked to judge the relative timing of color and motion changes rather than their pairing 15 16 17 Perceiving changes in a feature seems to require less feature processing and yields higher temporal precision than the conventional feature pairing judgment 18 This suggests a complex picture of how the timing of events is represented rather than a simple processing latency that applies to all aspects or uses of an event Nishida amp Johnston proposed that the brain ordinarily relies on the neural responses evoked by the onset of a feature to estimate its relative timing and thereby compensate for the variation in processing times for different features Nishida amp Johnston suggested that these onset responses or transients are disrupted by dynamic displays such as that of Moutoussis amp Zeki because the constant motion means that transient responses occur continuously preventing them from signaling the specific onset time of the motion 15 Nishida amp Johnston created displays in which the color onset also was not signalled by a unique feature and found that greatly reduced the asynchrony To further investigate what aspects of the intervals of color and motion determine the perceptual pairing one study had participants judge the predominant pairing of color and motion when the alternating color and motion are of different durations Changing the duration of the color but not of the motion shifted the timing required to maximize the consistency of pairing judgments This suggested that the timing of the color onset was particularly important as one would predict from the Nishida amp Johnston timer marker theory 12 It was further found that the asynchrony could be eliminated by cuing with transients the time of the color and motion changes 19 References edit a b Moutoussis K Zeki S March 1997 A direct demonstration of perceptual asynchrony in vision Proceedings Biological Sciences 264 1380 393 9 Bibcode 1997RSPSB 264 393M doi 10 1098 rspb 1997 0056 PMC 1688275 PMID 9107055 Moutoussis K Zeki S October 1997 Functional segregation and temporal hierarchy of the visual perceptive systems Proceedings Biological Sciences 264 1387 1407 14 Bibcode 1997RSPSB 264 1407M doi 10 1098 rspb 1997 0196 PMC 1688701 PMID 9364780 Zeki S Moutoussis K October 1997 Temporal hierarchy of the visual perceptive systems in the Mondrian world Proceedings Biological Sciences 264 1387 1415 9 Bibcode 1997RSPSB 264 1415Z doi 10 1098 rspb 1997 0197 PMC 1688708 PMID 9364781 Arnold DH Clifford CW Wenderoth P April 2001 Asynchronous processing in vision color leads motion Current Biology 11 8 596 600 doi 10 1016 s0960 9822 01 00156 7 PMID 11369204 S2CID 3150786 Linares D Lopez Moliner J August 2006 Perceptual asynchrony between color and motion with a single direction change Journal of Vision 6 9 974 81 doi 10 1167 6 9 10 PMID 17083289 Viviani P Aymoz C October 2001 Colour form and movement are not perceived simultaneously Vision Research 41 22 2909 18 doi 10 1016 S0042 6989 01 00160 2 PMID 11701183 S2CID 17176776 Self E 2014 11 01 Color motion asynchrony assessed along the chromatic axes and with luminance variation Attention Perception amp Psychophysics 76 8 2184 2188 doi 10 3758 s13414 014 0773 5 ISSN 1943 393X PMID 25280522 S2CID 30061427 Arnold DH Clifford CW March 2002 Determinants of asynchronous processing in vision Proceedings Biological Sciences 269 1491 579 83 doi 10 1098 rspb 2001 1913 PMC 1690936 PMID 11916473 Yazdanbakhsh A Nishina S Watanabe T 2010 03 24 Perceptual asynchrony between sinusoidally modulated luminance and depth Journal of Vision 9 8 54 doi 10 1167 9 8 54 ISSN 1534 7362 Zaric G Yazdanbakhsh A Nishina S De Weerd P Watanabe T 2015 11 25 Perceived temporal asynchrony between sinusoidally modulated luminance and depth Journal of Vision 15 15 13 doi 10 1167 15 15 13 PMC 5079707 PMID 26605842 Arnold DH Clifford CW March 2002 Determinants of asynchronous processing in vision Proceedings Biological Sciences 269 1491 579 83 doi 10 1098 rspb 2001 1913 PMC 1690936 PMID 11916473 a b Holcombe AO 2009 01 01 Temporal binding favours the early phase of colour changes but not of motion changes yielding the colour motion asynchrony illusion Visual Cognition 17 1 2 232 253 doi 10 1080 13506280802340653 ISSN 1350 6285 S2CID 27266824 Lo YT Zeki S 2014 Perceptual asynchrony for motion Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8 108 doi 10 3389 fnhum 2014 00108 PMC 3941194 PMID 24624071 Zeki S 2007 A Theory of Micro Consciousness The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness John Wiley amp Sons Ltd pp 580 588 doi 10 1002 9780470751466 ch46 ISBN 978 0 470 75146 6 a b Nishida S Johnston A March 2002 Marker correspondence not processing latency determines temporal binding of visual attributes Current Biology 12 5 359 68 doi 10 1016 s0960 9822 02 00698 x PMID 11882286 S2CID 6587832 Huang Jianrui Su Zhongbin Zhou Xiaolin 2023 01 10 Revisiting the color motion asynchrony Journal of Vision 23 1 6 doi 10 1167 jov 23 1 6 ISSN 1534 7362 PMC 9838589 PMID 36626163 Bedell HE Chung ST Ogmen H Patel SS October 2003 Color and motion which is the tortoise and which is the hare Vision Research 43 23 2403 12 doi 10 1016 S0042 6989 03 00436 X PMID 12972391 S2CID 2146151 Fujisaki Waka Nishida Shin ya 2010 08 07 A common perceptual temporal limit of binding synchronous inputs across different sensory attributes and modalities Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences 277 1692 2281 2290 doi 10 1098 rspb 2010 0243 ISSN 0962 8452 PMC 2894908 PMID 20335212 Holcombe AO Cavanagh P May 2008 Independent synchronous access to color and motion features Cognition 107 2 552 80 doi 10 1016 j cognition 2007 11 006 PMC 2766571 PMID 18206865 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Perceptual asynchrony amp oldid 1136365470, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
