Pepperoni

Pepperoni is a variety of spicy salami made from cured pork and beef seasoned with paprika and chili peppers.

Pepperoni

Pepperoni topping a pizza, ready for the oven
Place of origin	United States
Main ingredients	Pork and beef
Ingredients generally used	Spices
Food energy (per 100 g serving)	460 kcal (1926 kJ)
Nutritional value (per 100 g serving)	Protein 23 g Fat 40.2 g Carbohydrate 4 g
Media: Pepperoni

Prior to cooking, pepperoni is characteristically soft, slightly smoky, and bright red. Sliced pepperoni is one of the most popular pizza toppings in American pizzerias.

Traditionally made pepperonis curl into "cups" in the pizza oven's intense heat; commercialization of the production of pepperoni created slices that would lie flat on the pie. The curled "cup and char" style of pepperoni remained popular in pockets of the Midwest.

Etymology

The term "pepperoni" is a borrowing of peperoni, the plural of peperone, the Italian word for bell pepper. The first use of "pepperoni" to refer to a sausage dates to 1919.^[1] In Italian, the word peperoncino refers to hot and spicy chili peppers.

History

In 1919 Italian immigrants in New York City created pepperoni.^[2] It is a cured dry sausage, with similarities to the spicy salamis of southern Italy on which it is based, such as salsiccia or soppressata. The main differences are that pepperoni is less spicy, has a finer grain (akin to spiceless salami from Milan), is usually softer in texture, and is usually produced with the use of an artificial casing.

Production

Pepperoni, Pork

Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy	1,940 kJ (460 kcal)
Carbohydrates	4 g
Fat	40.2 g
Protein	20.35 g
Units μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams IU = International units
^†Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA FoodData Central

Pepperoni is made from pork or from a mixture of pork and beef.^[3] Turkey meat is also commonly used as a substitute, but the use of poultry in pepperoni must be appropriately labeled in the United States.^[4] It is typically seasoned with paprika or other chili pepper.^[1]

Prior to cooking, pepperoni is characteristically soft, slightly smoky, and bright red.^[1] Curing with nitrates or nitrites (usually used in modern curing agents to protect against botulism and other forms of microbiological decay) also contributes to pepperoni's reddish color, by reacting with heme in the myoglobin of the proteinaceous components of the meat.^[5]

Serving

Sliced pepperoni is one of the most popular pizza toppings in American pizzerias.^[6] According to Convenience Store Decisions, in 2009 Americans consumed 251.7 million pounds (114.2 million kilograms) of pepperoni annually, on 36% of all pizzas produced nationally.^[7]

Pepperoni is also used as the filling of the pepperoni roll, a popular regional snack in West Virginia and neighboring areas.^[8]

In the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, deep fried pepperoni served on its own (usually with a honey mustard dipping sauce) is common pub food.^[9][10]

Cup and char

 

Cup and char pepperoni

Pepperoni has a tendency to curl up from the edges in the heat of a pizza oven; historically all pepperonis showed at least some of this tendency to curl in the oven because of their natural casings.^[11]

As commercial suppliers became the main suppliers to pizza shops, they developed a fibrous casing which was intended to be stripped from the pepperoni before it was sliced.^[12] This resulted in a pepperoni that did not curl.^[11][12] One benefit of non-curling pepperoni was that it eliminated the small deposits of hot grease that formed in the cupped pepperoni, therefore also eliminating any possible liability for customers who burnt themselves on it.^[12] The original style became known as "cup and char" pepperoni.^{[11][13][14][15]}

The cup and char style remained popular in parts of the midwest, while much of the rest of the United States switched to the more readily-available noncurling commercial product as a pizza topping and largely forgot the traditional curling style.^[11][16]

Cup and char pepperoni, also called "roni cups", are smaller, thicker discs which are placed on top of the cheese layer and form small "cups" with charred edges in a pizza oven's intense heat; the style is traditional in the midwest, particularly around Cleveland, Ohio, and Buffalo, New York, and regained popularity in other areas in the 2010s.^{[11][13][14][15]} The style is seen as more attractive for social media posts.^[11] It is more expensive to produce.^[11]

See also

•  Food portal

• Linguiça
• List of dried foods
• List of sausages

References

1. Moskin, Julia (February 1, 2011). "Pepperoni: America's Favorite Topping". The New York Times. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
2. Kuestenmacher, Simon (2023). Marvellous Maps: Our changing world in 40 amazing maps. Welbeck Publishing Group. p. 78. ISBN 9781803380247.
3. Hui, Yiu H.; Culbertson, J. D. (2006). Handbook of Food Science, Technology, and Engineering. CRC Press. p. 72-68. ISBN 978-0-8493-9848-3. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
4. Food Standards and Labelling Policy Book, USDA, pp. 133–134.
5. Flippone, Peggy Trowbridge. "A Recipe to Make Authentic Homemade Pepperoni". The Spruce. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
6. "America's Most Popular Pizza Toppings". Huffington Post. October 5, 2011. Retrieved April 22, 2013. According to a survey done by Technomic's MenuMonitor from July to September 2011 based on 235 different pizza places in America pepperoni and plain cheese were the #1 and #2 most popular pizzas ordered.
7. "Pizza Palates Changing". CStore Decisions. May 31, 2009. from the original on September 28, 2022. Retrieved April 25, 2013. Pepperoni is by far America's favorite topping, (36% of all pizza orders). Approximately 251.7 million pounds of pepperoni are consumed on pizzas annually.
8. Edge, John T. (September 29, 2009). "United Tastes - Pepperoni Rolls, a Piece of West Virginia Culinary History: Fast Food Even Before Fast Food". The New York Times. New York, NY. Style Section: Dining & Wine. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
9. Eat This Town (February 1, 2016). "Nova Scotia Food Profiles: Pepperoni". Eat This Town. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
10. Brown, Lola (April 2, 2013). "You Must Try: Delicious Deep Fried Pepperoni in Halifax, Nova Scotia". Travel Mindset. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
11. Lukas, Paul (March 12, 2019). "The Great Pepperoni Debate: Should It Lie Flat on Your Pizza Or Curl Up?". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved September 12, 2023.
12. López-Alt, J. Kenji (December 2012). "The Food Lab: Why Does Pepperoni Curl?". Serious Eats. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
13. Brooke, Eliza (February 8, 2019). "How Tiny, Curly Pepperonis Took Over NYC's Pizza Market". Eater NY. Retrieved September 12, 2023.
14. Tsujimoto, Ben (November 13, 2020). "Cup-and-char crunch: Buffalo's beloved pepperoni in short supply". Buffalo News. Retrieved September 12, 2023.
15. Dave, Large (August 5, 2022). "Like Roni Cup Pizza? You Should Thank Brewster's Ace Endico". i95 ROCK. Retrieved September 12, 2023.
16. Peng, Jen (April 8, 2022). "Why Does Some Pepperoni Curl When Cooked?". Tasting Table. Retrieved September 12, 2023.

Further reading

• Smith, Andrew F. (2007) "Pepperoni". The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink. p. 447. ISBN 0195307968.
• Palumbo, S. A., et al. (January 1976). "Microbiology and Technology of the Pepperoni Process" (abstract). Journal of Food Science. Volume 41, Issue 1. pages 12–17. (subscription required)
• Palumbo, S. A. et al. (July 1977). "Kinetics of Pepperoni Drying" (abstract). Journal of Food Science. Volume 42, Issue 4. pages 1029–1033. (subscription required)

External links

•   The dictionary definition of pepperoni at Wiktionary