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Penny Singleton

January 01, 1970

Penny Singleton (born Mariana Dorothy McNulty, September 15, 1908[1] – November 12, 2003) was an American actress and labor leader. During her 6 decade career on stage, screen, radio and television, Singleton appeared as the comic-strip heroine Blondie Bumstead in a series of 28 motion pictures from 1938 until 1950 and the popular Blondie radio program from 1939 until 1950. Singleton also provided the voice of Jane Jetson in the animated series The Jetsons from 1962 to 1963.

Penny Singleton
Penny Singleton in 1938
Born
Mariana Dorothy McNulty

(1908-09-15)September 15, 1908
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
DiedNovember 12, 2003(2003-11-12) (aged 95)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Occupations
  • Actress
  • labor leader
Years active1925–1990
Spouses
Laurence Scroggs Singleton
​
​
(m. 1937; div. 1939)​
Robert Sparks
​
​
(m. 1941; died 1963)​
Children2

Behind the scenes, Singleton was the first woman to serve as president of an AFL-CIO union,[2] and served two terms as president of the American Guild of Variety Artists. She testified before a Senate subcommittee in 1962 on the union's treatment of women variety workers, and led a strike of the Radio City Rockettes in 1967.

Early life edit

Singleton was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[3] She began performing professionally as a child, and only completed sixth grade in her schooling.[4]

Career edit

 
Penny Singleton as Blondie and Arthur Lake as Dagwood Bumstead, from a 1944 publicity photograph

Singleton sang at a silent movie theater, and toured in vaudeville as part of an act called "The Kiddie Kabaret". She sang and danced with Milton Berle, whom she had known since childhood, and actor Gene Raymond, and appeared on Broadway in Jack Benny's The Great Temptations. She also toured nightclubs and in roadshows of plays and musicals.[3]

Singleton appeared as a brunette nightclub singer in After the Thin Man, credited as Dorothy McNulty. She was cast opposite Arthur Lake (as Dagwood) in the feature film Blondie in 1938, based on the comic strip by Chic Young. They repeated their roles on a radio comedy beginning in 1939 and in guest appearances on other radio shows. As Dagwood and Blondie Bumstead, they proved so popular that a succession of 27 sequels was made from 1938 until 1950, with the radio show ending the same year. Singleton's husband Robert Sparks produced 12 of these sequels. Also in 1950, she had her own program, The Penny Singleton Show, on NBC radio.[5][6][7]

Singleton held top billing in Go West, Young Lady (1941), over her male co-star, Glenn Ford. Only two other female stars (Dorothy Page and Jane Frazee) were top-billed singing cowgirls at the time.[8] She provided the voice of Jane Jetson in the 1962–63 animated series, The Jetsons.[9]

Labor activism edit

Singleton was active in union affairs as a vocal member of the American Guild of Variety Artists (AGVA).[10] She was elected president of the AGVA in 1958–1959,[11] and again in 1969–1970.[3] Her union membership was suspended in 1962,[12] when she was accused of slandering some of the union's officers, and she countersued.[13] Singleton was reinstated as a union member in 1963, after the dispute reached a legal settlement.[11][14]

She testified on the exploitation of women in variety work, and the union's shortcomings in representing those workers, before a United States Senate subcommittee in 1962.[15] "I charge here and now that the exotic and strip artists have been abandoned and made outcasts by the very union to which they pay dues for representation and protection," she announced to the subcommittee.[16]

In 1967, she led a successful month-long strike by the Radio City Rockettes for better working conditions.[3] During her presidency, she led negotiations with the Disney on Parade show (NAWAL Productions) during a variety artists' strike in the 1970 Disney on Parade (DOP) show – a joint venture between Walt Disney and NBC, and one of the most successful touring arena shows ever, with tours all over the world. With over 100 cast members, she led a slowdown in the performance in Hershey, Pennsylvania, followed by a walkout in Ft. Wayne, Indiana, and a settlement the next week in Houston, Texas. The issue was purportedly that the 16" support stage used by the dancers was cut from the show to reduce trucking costs. The stage, which was laid down on the arena floor without the support, caused the dancers to reportedly get shin splints. The strike was settled and the show went on in Houston.[17][18]

Personal life and legacy edit

Singleton married Laurence Scroggs Singleton, a dentist, in 1937; they divorced in 1939, although she kept his surname. She remarried, to Robert C. Sparks, a Marine Corps officer and film producer, in 1941. They remained wed until his death in 1963.[19][20] Singleton had two daughters, Dorothy and Susan.[9] She was a lifelong Catholic.[21]

Singleton was a charter member of the Hollywood Republican Committee[22] and campaigned for Republicans Thomas E. Dewey in 1948[23] and Richard Nixon in 1960.[24]

For her contributions to both radio and the motion-picture industry, in 1960, Singleton was honored with two stars during her induction to the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[25] Her star for radio is located at 6811 Hollywood Boulevard, and her film star is at 6547 Hollywood Boulevard.[25]

Death edit

On November 12, 2003, Singleton died at the age of 95 of respiratory failure in Sherman Oaks, California.[26] She was buried at San Fernando Cemetery.[9][3]

Filmography edit

Features edit

Credited as Dorothy McNulty 1930–1937

Sourced, to 1964, from TV Guide[27]

Short subjects edit

  • Belle of the Night (1930)[28]
  • Campus Cinderella (1938)[29]
  • Screen Snapshots Series 19, No. 1 (1939)[citation needed]

Television credits edit

Stage work edit

Theme parks edit

References edit

  1. ^ Monush, Barry (2003). Screen World Presents the Encyclopedia of Hollywood Film Actors: From the silent era to 1965. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 685. ISBN 9781557835512.
  2. ^ "Penny Singleton". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 15, 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e Luther, Claudia (November 14, 2003). "Penny Singleton, 95; Actress Played Blondie in 28 Movies, on Radio". Los Angeles Times. p. 106. Retrieved August 29, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^ Coons, Robbin (October 16, 1937). "In Hollywood: Luck of Penny Singleton Does Not Hold in Movies". Chillicothe Gazette. p. 11. Retrieved August 29, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ^ Terrace, Vincent (1999). Radio Programs, 1924–1984: A Catalog of More Than 1800 Shows. McFarland & Company, Inc. pp. 267–268. ISBN 978-0-7864-4513-4.
  6. ^ "Radio and Television: Joel McCrea and Penny Singleton to Star on N.B.C. Summer-Evening Shows". The New York Times. May 9, 1950. p. 58 – via ProQuest.
  7. ^ "Radio Television for Week Ending June 26". Altoona Tribune. June 20, 1950. p. 13. Retrieved August 29, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ Douglas B. Green, Singing In The Saddle, 2002/Vanderbilt Univ. Press & Country Music Foundation Press. Pg. 210.
  9. ^ a b c "Penny Singleton Dies at 95; Played Blondie in Film Series". The New York Times. The Associated Press. November 15, 2003. p. C16.
  10. ^ Wilson, Earl (December 31, 1968). "It Happened Last Night". Courier-Post. p. 21. Retrieved August 29, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ^ a b c Thomas, Bob (March 16, 1964). "Penny Singleton -- AGVA Racket Buster". The Evening Times. p. 6. Retrieved August 29, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ^ "Vaudeville: 5 Year Suspension for Penny". Variety. Vol. 227. June 6, 1962. pp. 49, 52 – via ProQuest.
  13. ^ "Penny Singleton Files Suit In Reply to A.G.V.A. Aide". The New York Times. August 30, 1962. p. 28.
  14. ^ "Suit of Penny Singleton Against A.G.V.A. Dismissed". The New York Times. November 13, 1963. p. 38.
  15. ^ Phillips, Cabell (June 13, 1962). "Senators Hear of B-Girls' Role; Witness Accuses Artists' Guild: Penny Singleton Says Union Ignores Members' Interests 'Degradation' Charged". The New York Times. p. 27 – via ProQuest.
  16. ^ "Required to be B-Girls, Phila. Singer Testifies". Philadelphia Daily News. June 12, 1962. p. 1. Retrieved August 29, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ^ Wong, Herman (August 19, 1970). "No Progress Reported in Disneyland Strike". Los Angeles Times. p. 5. Retrieved August 29, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^ "Artists Guild Puts Pickets at Disneyland". The South Bend Tribune. August 10, 1970. p. 3. Retrieved August 29, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  19. ^ "Penny Singleton a Mother". The New York Times. October 10, 1942. p. 11 – via ProQuest.
  20. ^ Vallance, Tom (November 15, 2003). "Penny Singleton". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 25, 2022. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
  21. ^ Morning News, January 10, 1948, Who Was Who in America (Vol. 2)
  22. ^ "Film Notables Open Drive for G.O.P. President". Los Angeles Times. October 20, 1947. p. 8.
  23. ^ "SF Republican Will Stage Big Rally Tonight". The Sacramento Bee. October 29, 1948. p. 1.
  24. ^ "Toluca Nixon Rally". Valley Times Today. October 20, 1960. p. 21.
  25. ^ a b "Penny Singleton". Hollywood Walk of Fame. from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  26. ^ The Associated Press (November 15, 2003). "Penny Singleton Dies at 95; Played Blondie in Film Series". The New York Times. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  27. ^ "Penny Singleton: Credits". TV Guide. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  28. ^ Bradley, Edwin M. (June 14, 2015). The First Hollywood Sound Shorts, 1926–1931. McFarland. p. 246. ISBN 978-1-4766-0684-2.
  29. ^ Lentz, Harris M. III (October 24, 2008). Obituaries in the Performing Arts, 2003: Film, Television, Radio, Theatre, Dance, Music, Cartoons and Pop Culture. McFarland. p. 372. ISBN 978-0-7864-5208-8.
  30. ^ "Murder, She Wrote : Perfect Foil (1986): Cast and Crew". AllMovie. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  31. ^ a b Dietz, Dan (April 10, 2019). The Complete Book of 1920s Broadway Musicals. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 249, 304. ISBN 978-1-5381-1282-3.
  32. ^ Dietz, Dan (March 29, 2018). The Complete Book of 1930s Broadway Musicals. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 207. ISBN 978-1-5381-0277-0.
  33. ^ "Call Me Madam Will Open Tonight". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. August 10, 1959. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  34. ^ Scherling, Carol Lynn. Blonde Goes to Hollywood: The Blondie Comic Strip in Films, Radio & Television. BearManor Media. p. 325.
  35. ^ Gilbert, Ruth (August 23, 1971). "In and Around Town: Theater". New York Magazine.
  36. ^ Green, Kay (1996). Broadway Musicals, Show by Show. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 47. ISBN 9780793577507.

External links edit

January 01, 1970
penny, singleton, born, mariana, dorothy, mcnulty, september, 1908, november, 2003, american, actress, labor, leader, during, decade, career, stage, screen, radio, television, singleton, appeared, comic, strip, heroine, blondie, bumstead, series, motion, pictu. Penny Singleton born Mariana Dorothy McNulty September 15 1908 1 November 12 2003 was an American actress and labor leader During her 6 decade career on stage screen radio and television Singleton appeared as the comic strip heroine Blondie Bumstead in a series of 28 motion pictures from 1938 until 1950 and the popular Blondie radio program from 1939 until 1950 Singleton also provided the voice of Jane Jetson in the animated series The Jetsons from 1962 to 1963 Penny SingletonPenny Singleton in 1938BornMariana Dorothy McNulty 1908 09 15 September 15 1908Philadelphia Pennsylvania U S DiedNovember 12 2003 2003 11 12 aged 95 Los Angeles California U S OccupationsActresslabor leaderYears active1925 1990SpousesLaurence Scroggs Singleton m 1937 div 1939 wbr Robert Sparks m 1941 died 1963 wbr Children2 Behind the scenes Singleton was the first woman to serve as president of an AFL CIO union 2 and served two terms as president of the American Guild of Variety Artists She testified before a Senate subcommittee in 1962 on the union s treatment of women variety workers and led a strike of the Radio City Rockettes in 1967 Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 Labor activism 4 Personal life and legacy 5 Death 6 Filmography 6 1 Features 6 2 Short subjects 6 3 Television credits 6 4 Stage work 6 5 Theme parks 7 References 8 External linksEarly life editSingleton was born in Philadelphia Pennsylvania 3 She began performing professionally as a child and only completed sixth grade in her schooling 4 Career edit nbsp Penny Singleton as Blondie and Arthur Lake as Dagwood Bumstead from a 1944 publicity photograph Singleton sang at a silent movie theater and toured in vaudeville as part of an act called The Kiddie Kabaret She sang and danced with Milton Berle whom she had known since childhood and actor Gene Raymond and appeared on Broadway in Jack Benny s The Great Temptations She also toured nightclubs and in roadshows of plays and musicals 3 Singleton appeared as a brunette nightclub singer in After the Thin Man credited as Dorothy McNulty She was cast opposite Arthur Lake as Dagwood in the feature film Blondie in 1938 based on the comic strip by Chic Young They repeated their roles on a radio comedy beginning in 1939 and in guest appearances on other radio shows As Dagwood and Blondie Bumstead they proved so popular that a succession of 27 sequels was made from 1938 until 1950 with the radio show ending the same year Singleton s husband Robert Sparks produced 12 of these sequels Also in 1950 she had her own program The Penny Singleton Show on NBC radio 5 6 7 Singleton held top billing in Go West Young Lady 1941 over her male co star Glenn Ford Only two other female stars Dorothy Page and Jane Frazee were top billed singing cowgirls at the time 8 She provided the voice of Jane Jetson in the 1962 63 animated series The Jetsons 9 Labor activism editSingleton was active in union affairs as a vocal member of the American Guild of Variety Artists AGVA 10 She was elected president of the AGVA in 1958 1959 11 and again in 1969 1970 3 Her union membership was suspended in 1962 12 when she was accused of slandering some of the union s officers and she countersued 13 Singleton was reinstated as a union member in 1963 after the dispute reached a legal settlement 11 14 She testified on the exploitation of women in variety work and the union s shortcomings in representing those workers before a United States Senate subcommittee in 1962 15 I charge here and now that the exotic and strip artists have been abandoned and made outcasts by the very union to which they pay dues for representation and protection she announced to the subcommittee 16 In 1967 she led a successful month long strike by the Radio City Rockettes for better working conditions 3 During her presidency she led negotiations with the Disney on Parade show NAWAL Productions during a variety artists strike in the 1970 Disney on Parade DOP show a joint venture between Walt Disney and NBC and one of the most successful touring arena shows ever with tours all over the world With over 100 cast members she led a slowdown in the performance in Hershey Pennsylvania followed by a walkout in Ft Wayne Indiana and a settlement the next week in Houston Texas The issue was purportedly that the 16 support stage used by the dancers was cut from the show to reduce trucking costs The stage which was laid down on the arena floor without the support caused the dancers to reportedly get shin splints The strike was settled and the show went on in Houston 17 18 Personal life and legacy editSingleton married Laurence Scroggs Singleton a dentist in 1937 they divorced in 1939 although she kept his surname She remarried to Robert C Sparks a Marine Corps officer and film producer in 1941 They remained wed until his death in 1963 19 20 Singleton had two daughters Dorothy and Susan 9 She was a lifelong Catholic 21 Singleton was a charter member of the Hollywood Republican Committee 22 and campaigned for Republicans Thomas E Dewey in 1948 23 and Richard Nixon in 1960 24 For her contributions to both radio and the motion picture industry in 1960 Singleton was honored with two stars during her induction to the Hollywood Walk of Fame 25 Her star for radio is located at 6811 Hollywood Boulevard and her film star is at 6547 Hollywood Boulevard 25 Death editOn November 12 2003 Singleton died at the age of 95 of respiratory failure in Sherman Oaks California 26 She was buried at San Fernando Cemetery 9 3 Filmography editFeatures edit Credited as Dorothy McNulty 1930 1937 Belle of the Night 1930 Good News 1930 Flo Love in the Rough 1930 Virgie Howd Ya Like That 1934 Dancer After the Thin Man 1936 Polly Byrnes Vogues of 1938 1937 Miss Violet Sims Sea Racketeers 1937 Florence Riley Swing Your Lady 1938 Cookie Outside of Paradise 1938 Colleen Kerrigan Men Are Such Fools 1938 Nancy Racket Busters 1938 Gladys Christie Mr Chump 1938 Betty Martin Boy Meets Girl 1938 Peggy Secrets of an Actress 1938 Miss Reid Garden of the Moon 1938 Miss Calder The Mad Miss Manton 1938 Frances Glesk Hard to Get 1938 Hattie Blondie 1938 Blondie Blondie Meets the Boss 1939 Blondie Blondie Takes a Vacation 1939 Blondie Blondie Brings Up Baby 1939 Blondie Blondie on a Budget 1940 Blondie Blondie Has Servant Trouble 1940 Blondie Blondie Plays Cupid 1940 Blondie Blondie Goes Latin 1941 Blondie Blondie in Society 1941 Blondie Go West Young Lady 1941 Belinda Pendergast Blondie Goes to College 1942 Blondie Blondie s Blessed Event 1942 Blondie Blondie for Victory 1942 Blondie It s a Great Life 1943 Blondie Footlight Glamour 1943 Blondie Leave It to Blondie 1945 Blondie Life with Blondie 1945 Blondie Young Widow 1946 Peg Martin Blondie s Lucky Day 1946 Blondie Blondie Knows Best 1946 Blondie Blondie s Big Moment 1947 Blondie Blondie s Holiday 1947 Blondie Blondie in the Dough 1947 Blondie Blondie s Anniversary 1947 Blondie Blondie s Reward 1948 Blondie Blondie s Secret 1948 Blondie Blondie s Big Deal 1949 Blondie Blondie Hits the Jackpot 1949 Blondie Blondie s Hero 1950 Blondie Beware of Blondie 1950 Blondie The Best Man scenes deleted 1964 Jetsons The Movie 1990 Jane Jetson voice Sourced to 1964 from TV Guide 27 Short subjects edit Belle of the Night 1930 28 Campus Cinderella 1938 29 Screen Snapshots Series 19 No 1 1939 citation needed Television credits edit Pulitzer Prize Playhouse 1950 Wilhelmina Frances Farmer Presents 1958 Belinda Pendergast The Quick Draw McGraw Show 1959 The Cattle Battle Rattled Wife citation needed The Jetsons 1962 1963 1985 1987 Jane Jetson voice Death Valley Days 1963 Maggie Franklin The Twilight Zone 1964 Sounds and Silences Mrs Flemington 11 Murder She Wrote 1986 The Perfect Foil Aunt Mildred 30 Rockin with Judy Jetson 1988 Jane Jetson voice The Jetsons Meet the Flintstones 1989 Jane Jetson voice Hanna Barbera s 50th A Yabba Dabba Doo Celebration 1989 Jane Jetson voice The Funtastic World of Hanna Barbera 1990 Jane Jetson voice Stage work edit Sky High 1925 31 Sweetheart Time 1926 31 The Great Temptations 1926 citation needed Good News 1928 replacement for Zelma O Neal citation needed Hey Nonny Nonny 1932 32 Call Me Madam 1959 33 Never Too Late 1964 34 No No Nanette 1971 replacement for Ruby Keeler 35 36 No No Nanette 1974 citation needed Little Me 1983 citation needed Theme parks edit The Funtastic World of Hanna Barbera ride 1990 Jane Jetson voice References edit Monush Barry 2003 Screen World Presents the Encyclopedia of Hollywood Film Actors From the silent era to 1965 Hal Leonard Corporation p 685 ISBN 9781557835512 Penny Singleton Los Angeles Times Retrieved January 15 2023 a b c d e Luther Claudia November 14 2003 Penny Singleton 95 Actress Played Blondie in 28 Movies on Radio Los Angeles Times p 106 Retrieved August 29 2019 via Newspapers com Coons Robbin October 16 1937 In Hollywood Luck of Penny Singleton Does Not Hold in Movies Chillicothe Gazette p 11 Retrieved August 29 2019 via Newspapers com Terrace Vincent 1999 Radio Programs 1924 1984 A Catalog of More Than 1800 Shows McFarland amp Company Inc pp 267 268 ISBN 978 0 7864 4513 4 Radio and Television Joel McCrea and Penny Singleton to Star on N B C Summer Evening Shows The New York Times May 9 1950 p 58 via ProQuest Radio Television for Week Ending June 26 Altoona Tribune June 20 1950 p 13 Retrieved August 29 2019 via Newspapers com Douglas B Green Singing In The Saddle 2002 Vanderbilt Univ Press amp Country Music Foundation Press Pg 210 a b c Penny Singleton Dies at 95 Played Blondie in Film Series The New York Times The Associated Press November 15 2003 p C16 Wilson Earl December 31 1968 It Happened Last Night Courier Post p 21 Retrieved August 29 2019 via Newspapers com a b c Thomas Bob March 16 1964 Penny Singleton AGVA Racket Buster The Evening Times p 6 Retrieved August 29 2019 via Newspapers com Vaudeville 5 Year Suspension for Penny Variety Vol 227 June 6 1962 pp 49 52 via ProQuest Penny Singleton Files Suit In Reply to A G V A Aide The New York Times August 30 1962 p 28 Suit of Penny Singleton Against A G V A Dismissed The New York Times November 13 1963 p 38 Phillips Cabell June 13 1962 Senators Hear of B Girls Role Witness Accuses Artists Guild Penny Singleton Says Union Ignores Members Interests Degradation Charged The New York Times p 27 via ProQuest Required to be B Girls Phila Singer Testifies Philadelphia Daily News June 12 1962 p 1 Retrieved August 29 2019 via Newspapers com Wong Herman August 19 1970 No Progress Reported in Disneyland Strike Los Angeles Times p 5 Retrieved August 29 2019 via Newspapers com Artists Guild Puts Pickets at Disneyland The South Bend Tribune August 10 1970 p 3 Retrieved August 29 2019 via Newspapers com Penny Singleton a Mother The New York Times October 10 1942 p 11 via ProQuest Vallance Tom November 15 2003 Penny Singleton The Independent Archived from the original on May 25 2022 Retrieved February 4 2015 Morning News January 10 1948 Who Was Who in America Vol 2 Film Notables Open Drive for G O P President Los Angeles Times October 20 1947 p 8 SF Republican Will Stage Big Rally Tonight The Sacramento Bee October 29 1948 p 1 Toluca Nixon Rally Valley Times Today October 20 1960 p 21 a b Penny Singleton Hollywood Walk of Fame Archived from the original on August 29 2019 Retrieved August 29 2019 The Associated Press November 15 2003 Penny Singleton Dies at 95 Played Blondie in Film Series The New York Times Retrieved March 29 2023 Penny Singleton Credits TV Guide Retrieved August 29 2019 Bradley Edwin M June 14 2015 The First Hollywood Sound Shorts 1926 1931 McFarland p 246 ISBN 978 1 4766 0684 2 Lentz Harris M III October 24 2008 Obituaries in the Performing Arts 2003 Film Television Radio Theatre Dance Music Cartoons and Pop Culture McFarland p 372 ISBN 978 0 7864 5208 8 Murder She Wrote Perfect Foil 1986 Cast and Crew AllMovie Retrieved August 29 2019 a b Dietz Dan April 10 2019 The Complete Book of 1920s Broadway Musicals Rowman amp Littlefield pp 249 304 ISBN 978 1 5381 1282 3 Dietz Dan March 29 2018 The Complete Book of 1930s Broadway Musicals Rowman amp Littlefield p 207 ISBN 978 1 5381 0277 0 Call Me Madam Will Open Tonight St Louis Post Dispatch August 10 1959 Retrieved August 29 2019 Scherling Carol Lynn Blonde Goes to Hollywood The Blondie Comic Strip in Films Radio amp Television BearManor Media p 325 Gilbert Ruth August 23 1971 In and Around Town Theater New York Magazine Green Kay 1996 Broadway Musicals Show by Show Hal Leonard Corporation p 47 ISBN 9780793577507 External links edit nbsp Biography portal Penny Singleton at IMDb Penny Singleton at the Internet Broadway Database nbsp Penny Singleton at Find a Grave Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Penny Singleton amp oldid 1209136601, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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