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Penedono

Penedono (Portuguese pronunciation: [pɨnɨˈðonu] ) is a municipality in the northern district of Viseu in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 2,952,[1] in an area of 133.71 km2.[2]

Penedono
View from the Castle of Penedono
Coordinates: 40°59′15″N 7°23′40″W / 40.98750°N 7.39444°W / 40.98750; -7.39444
Country Portugal
RegionNorte
Intermunic. comm.Douro
DistrictViseu
Parishes7
Government
 • PresidentAntónio Carlos Saraiva Esteves de Carvalho
Area
 • Total133.71 km2 (51.63 sq mi)
Elevation
901 m (2,956 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total2,952
 • Density22/km2 (57/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC±00:00 (WET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+01:00 (WEST)
Postal code
3630
PatronSão Pedro
Websitehttp://www.cm-penedono.pt

History edit

 
An example of a funerary temple from the Neolithic period in Lameira de Cima
 
The municipal pillory and medieval Castle of Penedono

The Dolmen culture reached the regions of Penedono during antiquity. The area of Antas, for example, was primarily constructed on the religious-funerary monumental dolmen that was constructed during the Neolithic.[3] In the flanks of the mountains these tribes established castros that were later appropriated by Roman garrisons to support their positions in the lands. They also constructed new roads that intersect the hills, discovering gold and silver deposits, in addition to precious metals, which they exported back to Rome.[3]

But the land was successively occupied by barbarians from eastern Europe, including tribes of Alans, Vandals, Suebi and Visigoths.[3] Two centuries later these groups were displaced by Arab invaders from North Africa, who remained until expulsed in the second half of the 9th century, by Ferdinand I of León and Castile.[3]

Middle Ages edit

In 960, the first document appeared that identified the region as Pene de Dono, which was actually a transliteration of Penha ou Castelo de Dono (referring to a 10th-century lord's possession).[3] This reference was actually a letter from a rich lady, the devoted Flâmula (or Chama), who was sick and worried about her death, who sent a message to her aunt Mumadona, a founder of the Monastery of São Salvador de Guimarães, innumeral properties, castles and settlements within Aveiro and Douro and salt fields in Aveiro.[3] Flâmula requested that her possessions and lands be sold and that the monies should be used to benefit captives, pilgrims and monasteries. Of the fortifications mentioned in this sale were the castles Trancoso, Moreira, Longroiva, Numão, Vacinata, Almendra, Pena de Dono, Alcobia, Sernancelhe and Caria, as well as other penal and populations.[3]

By the end of the 12th century, the villa de penna de dono pertained to the Kings of Portugal, and with the intention of increase settlement King Sancho signed a foral in 1195 to recognize land claims of the local inhabitants and provided privileges to renegade knights.[3]

In October 1217, a second foral was conferred by Afonso II, the Queen and his children: the Infantes Sancho and Afonso III, and Infanta Eleanor.[3][4]

In 1321, during the reign of King Denis there existed three parochial churches in Penedono, to the invocation of São Pedro, São Salvador and Santa Maria Madalena.[3] Over time the parish of Santa Maria Madalena was extinguished, and its lands divided into the remaining authorities. Similarly São Salvador, also, became extinct.

Monarchy edit

The last foral was donated to Pene de Dono during the reign of Manuel I of Portugal, undersigned by Fernão de Pina, on 27 November 1512.[3] The land rents and rights of the crown at the time were set at 2$970 réis to be paid by the residents and municipality to the alcalde of the village castle.[3] Of the sheep and goats that grazed in the lands without license, there was an obligation to pay one real per head, and in the case of cattle, 10 réis. Among the rights of the local authority, the alcalde had rights of portage and to cook bread.[3]

During the 1527 population cadastral inventory of King John III, the municipality of Penedono included 486 homes and 1500 inhabitants. The most populous area of Antas, with 130 homes, followed by Castaínço (85), Beselga (82), Prova (78), Vila (73) and Alcarva (48); Antas represented almost a third of the resident population.[3]

In 1708, Penedono was part of the comarca of Pinhel, divided between the ecclesiastical parishes of São Salvador and São Pedro, abbeys of the royal Padroado.[3] The municipality included at that time its first Casa da Misericórdia, Hospital and five chapels, in addition to seven civil parishes: Granja, Castainço, Alcarva, Prova, Antas, Beselga and Ourozinho.[3] At the time Pedro Álvares Cabral de Lacerda e Valadares, descendant of Fernando Afonso Correia, master of Farelães and Valadares, was the alcalde of the castle.[3]

In the second half of the same century, Joaquim de Azevedo, abbey of Cedavim, composed his História Eclesiástica da cidade e Bispado de Lamego, now Penedono, to be transferred to the comarca of Trancoso.[3] By decree on 23 December 1873, it magisterial rights were stripped, and municipal authority remained.[3] In turn, in 1895 Penedono was extinguished on 7 September, to be restored on 13 January 1898, along with all pre-existing civil parishes.[3]

Geography edit

 
The landscape of Penedono in the area of Lameira de Cima

The municipality of Penedono is limited in the north by the municipality of São João da Pesqueira, east by Vila Nova de Foz Côa and Meda, south by Trancoso and west by Sernancelhe.

Human Geography edit

Population of
Penedono
(1849 - 2004)
YearPop.±%
1801 3,672—    
1849 5,226+42.3%
1900 6,876+31.6%
1930 6,050−12.0%
1960 6,792+12.3%
1981 4,189−38.3%
1991 3,731−10.9%
2001 3,445−7.7%
2011 2,952−14.3%

Administratively, the municipality is divided into 7 civil parishes (freguesias):[5]

  • Antas e Ourozinho
  • Beselga
  • Castainço
  • Penedono e Granja
  • Penela da Beira
  • Póvoa de Penela
  • Souto

Economy edit

The agricultural sector dominates this region; as such, the area is marked by rural activities, that occupy the fields of its inhabitants. Rye, corn and potato are the primary crops harvested in the fields, while other areas are covered in chestnut trees, vineyards, olive and almond orchards. In addition cattle-raising and dairying are important sectors of this economy.

Notable citizens edit

References edit

  1. ^ Instituto Nacional de Estatística
  2. ^ . Archived from the original on 2018-11-05. Retrieved 2018-11-05.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Alves, Alexandre. Câmara Municipal (ed.). (in Portuguese). Penedono, Portugal: Câmara Municipal de Penedono. Archived from the original on 2011-09-28.
  4. ^ The importance of the confirmation is underlined by the number and quality of the people that intervened in the creation of municipal authority, which included eight bishops: Estêvão, (archbishop of Braga); Martinho (bishop of Porto); Pedro (bishop of Coimbra); Soeiro (bishop of Lisbon); Soeiro (bishop of Évora); Pelágio (bishop of Lamego); Bartolomeu (bishop of Viseu); Martinho (bishop of Guarda); and Martinho João, ensign to the King; Pedro João, commander of Curia; in addition to twelve other masters of the Cortes (seven conferrers and five witnesses)
  5. ^ Diário da República. "Law nr. 11-A/2013, pages 552 92-93" (pdf) (in Portuguese). Retrieved 29 July 2014.

penedono, portuguese, pronunciation, pɨnɨˈðonu, municipality, northern, district, viseu, portugal, population, 2011, area, municipalityview, from, castle, flagcoat, armscoordinates, 98750, 39444, 98750, 39444country, portugalregionnorteintermunic, comm, dourod. Penedono Portuguese pronunciation pɨnɨˈdonu is a municipality in the northern district of Viseu in Portugal The population in 2011 was 2 952 1 in an area of 133 71 km2 2 PenedonoMunicipalityView from the Castle of PenedonoFlagCoat of armsCoordinates 40 59 15 N 7 23 40 W 40 98750 N 7 39444 W 40 98750 7 39444Country PortugalRegionNorteIntermunic comm DouroDistrictViseuParishes7Government PresidentAntonio Carlos Saraiva Esteves de CarvalhoArea Total133 71 km2 51 63 sq mi Elevation901 m 2 956 ft Population 2011 Total2 952 Density22 km2 57 sq mi Time zoneUTC 00 00 WET Summer DST UTC 01 00 WEST Postal code3630PatronSao PedroWebsitehttp www cm penedono pt Contents 1 History 1 1 Middle Ages 1 2 Monarchy 2 Geography 2 1 Human Geography 3 Economy 4 Notable citizens 5 ReferencesHistory edit nbsp An example of a funerary temple from the Neolithic period in Lameira de Cima nbsp The municipal pillory and medieval Castle of Penedono The Dolmen culture reached the regions of Penedono during antiquity The area of Antas for example was primarily constructed on the religious funerary monumental dolmen that was constructed during the Neolithic 3 In the flanks of the mountains these tribes established castros that were later appropriated by Roman garrisons to support their positions in the lands They also constructed new roads that intersect the hills discovering gold and silver deposits in addition to precious metals which they exported back to Rome 3 But the land was successively occupied by barbarians from eastern Europe including tribes of Alans Vandals Suebi and Visigoths 3 Two centuries later these groups were displaced by Arab invaders from North Africa who remained until expulsed in the second half of the 9th century by Ferdinand I of Leon and Castile 3 Middle Ages edit In 960 the first document appeared that identified the region as Pene de Dono which was actually a transliteration of Penha ou Castelo de Dono referring to a 10th century lord s possession 3 This reference was actually a letter from a rich lady the devoted Flamula or Chama who was sick and worried about her death who sent a message to her aunt Mumadona a founder of the Monastery of Sao Salvador de Guimaraes innumeral properties castles and settlements within Aveiro and Douro and salt fields in Aveiro 3 Flamula requested that her possessions and lands be sold and that the monies should be used to benefit captives pilgrims and monasteries Of the fortifications mentioned in this sale were the castles Trancoso Moreira Longroiva Numao Vacinata Almendra Pena de Dono Alcobia Sernancelhe and Caria as well as other penal and populations 3 By the end of the 12th century the villa de penna de dono pertained to the Kings of Portugal and with the intention of increase settlement King Sancho signed a foral in 1195 to recognize land claims of the local inhabitants and provided privileges to renegade knights 3 In October 1217 a second foral was conferred by Afonso II the Queen and his children the Infantes Sancho and Afonso III and Infanta Eleanor 3 4 In 1321 during the reign of King Denis there existed three parochial churches in Penedono to the invocation of Sao Pedro Sao Salvador and Santa Maria Madalena 3 Over time the parish of Santa Maria Madalena was extinguished and its lands divided into the remaining authorities Similarly Sao Salvador also became extinct Monarchy edit The last foral was donated to Pene de Dono during the reign of Manuel I of Portugal undersigned by Fernao de Pina on 27 November 1512 3 The land rents and rights of the crown at the time were set at 2 970 reis to be paid by the residents and municipality to the alcalde of the village castle 3 Of the sheep and goats that grazed in the lands without license there was an obligation to pay one real per head and in the case of cattle 10 reis Among the rights of the local authority the alcalde had rights of portage and to cook bread 3 During the 1527 population cadastral inventory of King John III the municipality of Penedono included 486 homes and 1500 inhabitants The most populous area of Antas with 130 homes followed by Castainco 85 Beselga 82 Prova 78 Vila 73 and Alcarva 48 Antas represented almost a third of the resident population 3 In 1708 Penedono was part of the comarca of Pinhel divided between the ecclesiastical parishes of Sao Salvador and Sao Pedro abbeys of the royal Padroado 3 The municipality included at that time its first Casa da Misericordia Hospital and five chapels in addition to seven civil parishes Granja Castainco Alcarva Prova Antas Beselga and Ourozinho 3 At the time Pedro Alvares Cabral de Lacerda e Valadares descendant of Fernando Afonso Correia master of Farelaes and Valadares was the alcalde of the castle 3 In the second half of the same century Joaquim de Azevedo abbey of Cedavim composed his Historia Eclesiastica da cidade e Bispado de Lamego now Penedono to be transferred to the comarca of Trancoso 3 By decree on 23 December 1873 it magisterial rights were stripped and municipal authority remained 3 In turn in 1895 Penedono was extinguished on 7 September to be restored on 13 January 1898 along with all pre existing civil parishes 3 Geography edit nbsp The landscape of Penedono in the area of Lameira de Cima The municipality of Penedono is limited in the north by the municipality of Sao Joao da Pesqueira east by Vila Nova de Foz Coa and Meda south by Trancoso and west by Sernancelhe Human Geography edit Population ofPenedono 1849 2004 YearPop 18013 672 18495 226 42 3 19006 876 31 6 19306 050 12 0 19606 792 12 3 19814 189 38 3 19913 731 10 9 20013 445 7 7 20112 952 14 3 Administratively the municipality is divided into 7 civil parishes freguesias 5 Antas e Ourozinho Beselga Castainco Penedono e Granja Penela da Beira Povoa de Penela SoutoEconomy editThe agricultural sector dominates this region as such the area is marked by rural activities that occupy the fields of its inhabitants Rye corn and potato are the primary crops harvested in the fields while other areas are covered in chestnut trees vineyards olive and almond orchards In addition cattle raising and dairying are important sectors of this economy Notable citizens editAlvaro Goncalves Coutinho Wiki PT 1383 1445 a knight son Goncalo Vasques Coutinho 2nd Marshal of Portugal and brother of Vasco Fernandes Coutinho 1st Count of Marialva known as one of The Twelve of England he was eternalized by Luis de Camoes in his epic poem Os LusiadasReferences edit Instituto Nacional de Estatistica Areas das freguesias concelhos distritos e pais Archived from the original on 2018 11 05 Retrieved 2018 11 05 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Alves Alexandre Camara Municipal ed Um Pouco de Historia in Portuguese Penedono Portugal Camara Municipal de Penedono Archived from the original on 2011 09 28 The importance of the confirmation is underlined by the number and quality of the people that intervened in the creation of municipal authority which included eight bishops Estevao archbishop of Braga Martinho bishop of Porto Pedro bishop of Coimbra Soeiro bishop of Lisbon Soeiro bishop of Evora Pelagio bishop of Lamego Bartolomeu bishop of Viseu Martinho bishop of Guarda and Martinho Joao ensign to the King Pedro Joao commander of Curia in addition to twelve other masters of the Cortes seven conferrers and five witnesses Diario da Republica Law nr 11 A 2013 pages 552 92 93 pdf in Portuguese Retrieved 29 July 2014 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Penedono amp oldid 1161477690, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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