Pegasus Mail
Pegasus Mail is a proprietary email client for Microsoft Windows. It was originally released in 1990[1] on NetWare networks[3] with MS-DOS and later Apple Macintosh clients, before being ported to Windows which is now the only platform actively supported. Since its inception it has been developed by David Harris and is donationware after having previously been freeware.
Pegasus Mail 4.80 running in Windows 11 | |
| Developer(s) | David Harris |
|---|---|
| Initial release | December 1989[1] |
| Stable release | 4.80[2] / 14 February 2022 |
| Written in | C++/C |
| Operating system | Win32; previously also for: Novell NetWare, DOS, Win16, Classic Mac OS |
| Platform | Microsoft Windows |
| Size | ~ 12 MiB (download size, English v 4.73) |
| Available in | English, German |
| Type | Email client |
| License | Donationware |
| Website | www |
The software has been described as "one of the web's oldest and most respected email clients".[4] It is supported by an official community-driven forum.[5]
History edit
Pegasus Mail (also shortened to Pmail) was originally launched as ComNet Mail for Novell NetWare MS-DOS workstations in February 1990, a text-mode application for networks. Harris designed it first at the University of Otago's NetWare network.[6] He soon afterwards started developing the Mercury Mail Transport System.
Pegasus Mail pioneered many features now taken for granted with other email clients, such as filtering and simultaneous access to multiple POP3 and IMAP4 accounts.[7] Its extensive array of features coupled with a simple user interface provided an ideal mix for most users' needs. However, the free distribution of Microsoft Outlook Express or later email client as a standard part of Microsoft Windows since Windows 98, and the distribution of Microsoft Outlook, initially free of charge with PC magazines and then as an integral part of Microsoft Office, from 1997 dealt a significant blow to the market share of Pegasus Mail for Windows and other email clients, from which many never fully recovered.
Pegasus Mail for Microsoft Windows was first released in 1993.[6] The development of versions for DOS (MS-DOS and PC DOS 5.0 and higher),[8] Apple Macintosh and 16-bit Windows (Windows 3.1 and higher)[9] stopped in or before 2000.
Move to donationware edit
Until 2006 all versions of Pegasus Mail were supplied free of charge, and printed user manuals were available for purchase. In January 2007 it was announced that distribution and development of Pegasus Mail had ceased due to inadequate financial support from the sale of the manuals.[10][11] Harris stated:[12]
We regret this decision, but ongoing difficulties with funding have forced it upon us
Later in the month, due to an "avalanche" of support from the user community, it was announced that development would resume.[13][14] However, Pegasus Mail would change from freeware to donationware and Mercury would change to a licence for fee for configurations with more than a certain number of email boxes.
In 2009, Pegasus Mail launched its own Wiki (WikiPmail), used as an online knowledge and documentation resource. A few years later it crashed and has not been restored, but the WikiPmail remains accessible at the Internet Archive.[15]
Features edit
This section needs to be updated. (October 2023) |
Pegasus Mail is suitable for single or multiple users on stand-alone computers and for internal and Internet mail on local area networks. Since Pegasus Mail does not make changes to the Windows registry or the system directory, it is suitable as a portable application for USB drives.
A significant feature of Pegasus Mail in Windows is that users have the choice not to use Microsoft Internet Explorer's HTML layout engine when displaying HTML email. Malicious HTML tends to be highly dependent on the exact target application and OS, therefore by avoiding both the ubiquitous HTML renderer supplied with Windows and not allowing automation commands such as ActiveX and JavaScript to execute from within an email in its inbuilt renderer, Pegasus reduces substantially the risk of infection from viewing email. (Note that this is not the same as the risk of malicious email or email attachments if opened outside Pegasus.)
Pegasus has the facility, not provided by all mail clients, optionally to download headers only, allowing the user to select mail to ignore for now and deal with later, download and delete from the server (normal mail operation for POP3 access), download a copy of a message while leaving it on the server, or delete without downloading. Mail may be marked by the user as read or unread, overriding the default setting.
Trends in interface design also changed over the years, and Pegasus Mail did not follow those changes, still having essentially the same user interface it had in its first Windows version, with very few later additions (such as the "preview window" mode).[7]
Supported protocols edit
Pegasus Mail supports the POP3, IMAP, and SMTP protocols as well as Novell's MHS. Release 4.41 added support for filtering of spam with header and body checking for key phrases (already before download). Release 4.41 also has, amongst other features, an improved HTML rendering engine, better support for special character encoding (especially with UTF-8), phishing protection, and a full-fledged Bayesian spam filter.
Pegasus Mail for Windows can be used as a standalone mail client using POP3 or IMAP for incoming mail and SMTP for outgoing, or on a NetWare or Windows network in conjunction with the Mercury Mail Transport System for Windows or NetWare, also by David Harris, running on a network server to receive mail and distribute it to users. While Pegasus Mail and Mercury handle email only, the function of Pegasus Mail is comparable to Microsoft Outlook's mail handling, and Mercury to Microsoft Exchange Server.
Advanced features edit
Pegasus Mail's takes an "old-fashioned" approach with advantages for knowledgeable users with complex email usage patterns, or who need special features. Some examples include:[7]
- support for three encoding standards (MIME, uuencoding and BinHex);
- a powerful filtering system, so much so that it is possible to run a fully automated client-based electronic mailing list (including processing subscribe and unsubscribe requests and forwards to moderation) using solely Pegasus Mail;
- the ability to automatically select which email address to send a reply from, based on the mail folder containing the original received message;
- the ability to include custom e-mail header lines (useful for tracking emails, for example);
- the ability to delete attachments without deleting the message's text body, or to delete the HTML version of a message while keeping the plain-text version, or vice versa, saving disk space;
- easy access to a message, including all headers, in raw form, which is difficult or impossible in some other clients;
- a "tree view" of the structure of a multipart message with all its sections and attachments, giving access to view or save any of the parts separately
- support for downloading headers only, then deciding for each message whether to download, delete, or leave for later ("Selective mail download"). It is possible to download a message in full without deleting it from the server.
Version history edit
The early versions of Pegasus were installed on MS-DOS or Mac workstations on a NetWare network (and their Message Handling System (MHS) mail system), and supported only mail between network users; for external (Internet), Mercury for Netware was required.[16] A cut-down MHS-only version called FirstMail was bundled with NetWare.
Early versions used only a proprietary non-standard format (.pmj, .cnm). for mail folders; later versions offer the standard Unix mailbox format (.mbx) as an alternative.
The latest released versions for DOS (3.50, released in or around June 1999)[17] and 16-bit Windows (3.12b, released on 24 November 1999) are available for download. (Version 3.12c for 16-bit Windows was in beta-testing during 2000 but has not been released.)[18] The Mac version (2.21 from 1997) can be found on some FTP servers that in the past offered an official Pegasus mirror service.[19]
Pegasus runs under Linux using the Wine compatibility layer.[20]
| Major version | Initial release |
|---|---|
| 1.x | 1993 |
| 2.x | 1995 |
| 3.x | 1999 |
| 4.x | 2001 |
| 5.x | Not yet public |
Version 4.x edit
Pegasus Mail v4.0 was released at the end of 2001, with "more than 2500 changes or fixes".[21] All versions since have been 4.xx; David Harris has been continuously developing v5.0 but it has been delayed. Version 5 is slated to have a completely overhauled contactbook and mail folder system.
A public beta test version of version 4.5[22] was announced on 3 October 2008 which is stated to be "very complete and stable, but is provided without formal technical support - you should almost certainly apply due diligence testing to it before using it in a production environment".[23] The new version has not only been developed further beyond earlier versions, but has been ported from now obsolete v5.02 of Borland C++ to Microsoft Visual Studio 2008, a major undertaking in itself.[22] On 3 July 2009 Pegasus Mail 4.51.[24] On 23 January 2010 Pegasus Mail 4.52 was released, which included improvements for Windows 7.[24]
On 2 November 2010 Harris posted a message regarding the progress of development on the next release of Pegasus Mail, PMail Version 5.0. He said "We hope to release an initial version of Pegasus Mail version 5 with the new contact manager in place either late in December this year, or early in 2011. A subsequent version with the entirely-new message store I have been working on for over a year will follow at a later stage. I'm personally very excited about the new contact manager - I believe it could have an enormous impact on the way many people work in a world of e-mail overload"
On 23 February 2011 Pegasus Mail 4.61 was released. It includes a new HTML renderer which uses the built-in Windows renderer of Internet Explorer, but the BearHTML renderer has also been improved and can be used instead. V. 4.61 included new graphics and an updated interface. v4.62 had improvements to the editor and elsewhere.[25] On 22 December 2011 bug fix version 4.63 became available.[25]
On 8 March 2014 version 4.70 was released. This version includes Hunspell for spelling check and OpenSSL for encryption besides further improvements. v4.71 was released in January 2016. Version 4.72 was released in April 2016.[26] On 7 June 2018 version 4.73 was released.[26] This includes a much improved help file.
On 25 December 2019 Harris said that, while there has been a delay due to health issues, he "can only promise you that there is progress, and that [he is] totally committed to getting these new versions released" and he is working, among others, on support for OAuth2 and OpenSSL v 1.1.1.[27]
On 14 February 2022 a new version 4.80 was released. There were several overall improvements. Some are: OpenSSL was updated to version 1.1.1k, new support for 120dpi screens and an optimization for the HTML editor for better rendering. The anticipated support for OAuth2 was delayed into later this year.[28]
See also edit
Further reading edit
- David J. Kocmoud; J. Matthew Pierce; Michael O. Stegman (1996). Pegasus Mail for Windows: How to Make Your E-Mail Fly. Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-261900-4.
Notes and references edit
- ^ a b David Harris (1 January 2020). "Pegasus Mail, 30 Years On". Pegasus Mail and Mercury Developer News. from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
- ^ "Pegasus Mail v4.8x Release Notes". 14 February 2022.
- ^ David Harris (May 2002). "Pegasus Mail (History)". Pegasus Mail and Mercury. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
- ^ "Pegasus and Mercury Circling the Drain - Slashdot". slashdot.org. 2007-01-08. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
- ^ Community driven (April 2022). "PMail Community". Pegasus Mail Community. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
- ^ a b "Pegasus Mail (History)". www.pmail.com. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
- ^ a b c Pegasus manual explains how to access POP3 and IMAP and preview pane
- ^ "Pegasus Mail (System Overviews)". 1 January 2001. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
- ^ "Pegasus Mail (System Overviews)". 2 July 2009. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
- ^ Clarke, Gavin. "Lack of cash claims email pioneer". www.theregister.com. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
- ^ "Pegasus Mail and Mercury development restarts". www.pmail.com. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
- ^ O'neill, Rob (2007-01-08). "Pegasus Mail put down". Network World. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
- ^ Stob, Verity. "When Mercury went down". www.theregister.com. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
- ^ Clarke, Gavin. "Email pioneer converts supporters into paying customers". www.theregister.com. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
- ^ . 2013-02-28. Archived from the original on 2013-02-28. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
- ^ "Pegasus Mail (System Overviews)". Pegasus Mail and Mercury. 1 January 2001.
Unlike the Windows [3.x or 9x] versions of Pegasus Mail, the DOS version does not have built-in support for the Internet POP3, SMTP or IMAP protocols, because there is no standard TCP/IP interface for DOS-based computers. However, by adding our Mercury Mail Transport System as a mail server, you can provide fully-integrated centralized Internet e-mail services and mailing list management for your Pegasus Mail users.
- ^ 23 June 1999 is the date of the main executable file within the zip archive.
- ^ Han van den Bogaerde (29 October 2000). . Han's Pegasus Mail Site. Archived from the original on 5 December 2000. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
- ^ For example, the Free University of Berlin and the University of Kassel ftp servers.
- ^ . 2009-02-23. Archived from the original on 2015-09-10. Retrieved 2011-04-08.
- ^ . 2001-12-13. Archived from the original on 2001-12-13. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
- ^ a b Han van den Bogaerde (25 January 2010). "Pegasus Mail for Windows version 4.5". Han's Pegasus Mail (© David Harris) information site.
- ^ David Harris (3 September 2008). "Pegasus Mail v4.5 public beta 1 now available". Pegasus Mail & Mercury - Forums » Announcements.
- ^ a b David Harris. "Pegasus Mail v4.5x Release Notes". Pegasus Mail and Mercury.
- ^ a b David Harris. "Pegasus Mail v4.6x Release Notes". Pegasus Mail and Mercury.
- ^ a b David Harris. "Pegasus Mail v4.7x Release Notes". Pegasus Mail and Mercury.
- ^ David Harris (December 2019). "Pegasus Mail and Mercury Developer News". Pegasus Mail and Mercury. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
- ^ David Harris (February 2022). "Pegasus Mail v4.8x Release Notes". Pegasus Mail and Mercury. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
External links edit
- Official website