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Paweł Włodkowic

January 01, 1970

Paweł Włodkowic (Latin: Paulus Vladimiri; ca. 1370 – 9 October 1435) was a Polish scholar, jurist, statesman and rector of the Kraków Academy. He advocated a form of religious tolerance and defended Poland and native non-Christian tribes against the Teutonic Knights and the crusading movement in general.[1]

House on Kanonicza Street, Kraków, built by Paweł Włodkowic. Now Hotel Copernicus.
Paweł Włodkowic's Dołęga coat of arms

Early life and education edit

Though it is commonly assumed that "Włodkowic" was a surname, it was in fact a patronymic denoting that he was the son of a certain Włodko or Włodzimierz of the Dołęga family. He was born in Brudzeń Duży near Dobrzyń nad Wisłą between 1370–1373. His family owned land in the Dobrzyń Province and was related to the Lasota family from Mazovia whose notable members include Mikołaj Lasota, the treasurer of Konrad of Mazovia.[2] He was a graduate of the Collegiate Church of St. Michael School in Płock (currently the Marshal Stanisław Małachowski High School) where probably he was ordained as a priest. He studied at Prague University, where he took degrees in 1393. In 1400, he became the Canon of Płock.[3] He continued studying law at Padova, Italy, in 1404–8. It was probably in this period that he visited the Roman Curia in place of Piotr of Kobylin, fulfilling his duties as the Polish King's prosecutor.[4]

In 1411 or 1412 he was made a doctor of canon law at the Academy in Kraków, where he also began to lecture. He was influenced by the philosophies of William of Ockham, Matthew of Cracow and Stanisław of Skarbimierz. In 1413 he served as King Jagiełło's emissary at Buda, Hungary, during disputes with the Teutonic Order. In 1414–1415 he became rector and in 1418 prorector of Cracow Academy.[5]

The Council of Constance Address edit

Paweł Włodkowic represented Poland at the 1414 Council of Constance, where he delivered a thesis about the power of the Pope and the Emperor, the Tractatus de potestate papae et imperatoris respectu infidelium (Treatise on the Power of the Pope and the Emperor Respecting Infidels). In it he drew the thesis that pagan and Christian peoples could coexist in peace and criticized the Teutonic Order for its wars of conquest of native non-Christian peoples in Prussia and Lithuania.[6]

Due to his religious and political influence, in 1421 Pope Martin V sent Antonio Zeno to investigate the Teutonic Order and its activities, though this investigation was later suspended on the grounds that it infringed upon the privileges of the new Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, who wished to conduct his own negotiations between the two parties.

Włodkowic’s address at the council is considered to have been "not only one of the greatest achievements of Poland in their political fight against the Teutonic Order but also a huge contribution to the Christian theory of just war."[7]

At the Council of Constance, Paweł Włodkowic and all the Polish delegation defended Jan Hus.

Later life and death edit

In 1420 Paweł Włodkowic represented Poland at a conference between Poland and the Teutonic Order held in Wrocław under the aegis of Sigismund of Luxemburg.

As early as the beginning of the 15th century, along with Stanisław of Skarbimierz, Włodkowic strongly supported the idea of conciliarism and pioneered the notion of peaceful coexistence among nations – a forerunner of modern theories of human rights. Throughout his political, diplomatic and university career, Paweł Włodkowic expressed the view that a world guided by the principles of peace and mutual respect among nations was possible and that pagan nations had a right to peace and to possession of their own lands. For this, he, the king of Poland, and the entire Polish nation were virulently attacked by the Dominican John of Falkenberg (himself later condemned and imprisoned for his intemperance), and his thesis somewhat more judiciously rejected by Dominic of San Gimignano, Ardecino de Porta of Novara, and André Dias de Escobar, Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo.

After 1424 he retired from public life to Kłodawa, where he died in 1435.[8]

Selected works edit

  • Tractatus de annatis camerae apostolicae solvendis (1414-1415)
  • Tractatus de potestate papae et imperatoris respectu infidelium (1415)
  • Puncta accusationis ex parte Polonorum contra Cruciferos (1416)
  • Causa inter reges Poloniae et Cruciferos coram concilio Constantiense ex parte Polonorum dicta (1416)
  • Tractatus de ordine Cruciferorum et de bello Polonorum contra dictos fratres (1416)
  • Scriptum denunciatorium errorum Satyrae Joannis Falkenberg O. P. Concilio Constanteinsi datum (1416-1417)
  • Allegationes pro parte regis Polonie coram Sigismundo Imperatore (1420)
  • Oculi (1420)
  • Ad vivendum (1421)
  • Letter to the Bishop of Kraków (1432)

Critical editions of works edit

  • Ludwik Ehrlich, Pisma wybrane Pawła Włodkowica / Works of Paul Wladimiri (A Selection) (3 vols., Warszawa: PAX, 1966-69). Latin edition, Polish and English translation.
  • Stanisław Bełch, Paulus Vladimiri and His Doctrine Concerning International Law and Politics (2 vols., The Hague: Mouton, 1965), vol. II. Latin edition.

See also edit

Sources edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Paweł Włodkowic – wybitny polski prawnik oraz prekursor tolerancji religijnej". Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  2. ^ Wesołowska, E. Anna (1997). Paweł Włodkowic – współczesne znaczenie poglądów i dokonań. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek. p. 10.
  3. ^ Erlich, Ludwik (1968). Pisma wybrane Pawła Włodkowica (Preface). Warsaw: PAX. p. 13.
  4. ^ Fijałek, Jan Nepomucen (1902). Ostatnie słowo Pawła Włodkowica o zakonie krzyżackim. Przegląd Kościelny. p. 269.
  5. ^ "The Right of Infidels to Protect Their Goods from the Perspective of the 15th Century Polish School of Ius gentium". Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  6. ^ "O WOJNIE I TOLERANCJI". Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  7. ^ "Paweł Włodkowic's address at the Council of Constance". Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  8. ^ "Paweł Włodkowic – wybitny polski prawnik oraz prekursor tolerancji religijnej". Retrieved 12 April 2020.

January 01, 1970
paweł, włodkowic, latin, paulus, vladimiri, 1370, october, 1435, polish, scholar, jurist, statesman, rector, kraków, academy, advocated, form, religious, tolerance, defended, poland, native, christian, tribes, against, teutonic, knights, crusading, movement, g. Pawel Wlodkowic Latin Paulus Vladimiri ca 1370 9 October 1435 was a Polish scholar jurist statesman and rector of the Krakow Academy He advocated a form of religious tolerance and defended Poland and native non Christian tribes against the Teutonic Knights and the crusading movement in general 1 House on Kanonicza Street Krakow built by Pawel Wlodkowic Now Hotel Copernicus Pawel Wlodkowic s Dolega coat of arms Contents 1 Early life and education 2 The Council of Constance Address 3 Later life and death 4 Selected works 5 Critical editions of works 6 See also 7 Sources 8 ReferencesEarly life and education editThough it is commonly assumed that Wlodkowic was a surname it was in fact a patronymic denoting that he was the son of a certain Wlodko or Wlodzimierz of the Dolega family He was born in Brudzen Duzy near Dobrzyn nad Wisla between 1370 1373 His family owned land in the Dobrzyn Province and was related to the Lasota family from Mazovia whose notable members include Mikolaj Lasota the treasurer of Konrad of Mazovia 2 He was a graduate of the Collegiate Church of St Michael School in Plock currently the Marshal Stanislaw Malachowski High School where probably he was ordained as a priest He studied at Prague University where he took degrees in 1393 In 1400 he became the Canon of Plock 3 He continued studying law at Padova Italy in 1404 8 It was probably in this period that he visited the Roman Curia in place of Piotr of Kobylin fulfilling his duties as the Polish King s prosecutor 4 In 1411 or 1412 he was made a doctor of canon law at the Academy in Krakow where he also began to lecture He was influenced by the philosophies of William of Ockham Matthew of Cracow and Stanislaw of Skarbimierz In 1413 he served as King Jagiello s emissary at Buda Hungary during disputes with the Teutonic Order In 1414 1415 he became rector and in 1418 prorector of Cracow Academy 5 The Council of Constance Address editPawel Wlodkowic represented Poland at the 1414 Council of Constance where he delivered a thesis about the power of the Pope and the Emperor the Tractatus de potestate papae et imperatoris respectu infidelium Treatise on the Power of the Pope and the Emperor Respecting Infidels In it he drew the thesis that pagan and Christian peoples could coexist in peace and criticized the Teutonic Order for its wars of conquest of native non Christian peoples in Prussia and Lithuania 6 Due to his religious and political influence in 1421 Pope Martin V sent Antonio Zeno to investigate the Teutonic Order and its activities though this investigation was later suspended on the grounds that it infringed upon the privileges of the new Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund who wished to conduct his own negotiations between the two parties Wlodkowic s address at the council is considered to have been not only one of the greatest achievements of Poland in their political fight against the Teutonic Order but also a huge contribution to the Christian theory of just war 7 At the Council of Constance Pawel Wlodkowic and all the Polish delegation defended Jan Hus Later life and death editIn 1420 Pawel Wlodkowic represented Poland at a conference between Poland and the Teutonic Order held in Wroclaw under the aegis of Sigismund of Luxemburg As early as the beginning of the 15th century along with Stanislaw of Skarbimierz Wlodkowic strongly supported the idea of conciliarism and pioneered the notion of peaceful coexistence among nations a forerunner of modern theories of human rights Throughout his political diplomatic and university career Pawel Wlodkowic expressed the view that a world guided by the principles of peace and mutual respect among nations was possible and that pagan nations had a right to peace and to possession of their own lands For this he the king of Poland and the entire Polish nation were virulently attacked by the Dominican John of Falkenberg himself later condemned and imprisoned for his intemperance and his thesis somewhat more judiciously rejected by Dominic of San Gimignano Ardecino de Porta of Novara and Andre Dias de Escobar Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo After 1424 he retired from public life to Klodawa where he died in 1435 8 Selected works editTractatus de annatis camerae apostolicae solvendis 1414 1415 Tractatus de potestate papae et imperatoris respectu infidelium 1415 Puncta accusationis ex parte Polonorum contra Cruciferos 1416 Causa inter reges Poloniae et Cruciferos coram concilio Constantiense ex parte Polonorum dicta 1416 Tractatus de ordine Cruciferorum et de bello Polonorum contra dictos fratres 1416 Scriptum denunciatorium errorum Satyrae Joannis Falkenberg O P Concilio Constanteinsi datum 1416 1417 Allegationes pro parte regis Polonie coram Sigismundo Imperatore 1420 Oculi 1420 Ad vivendum 1421 Letter to the Bishop of Krakow 1432 Critical editions of works editLudwik Ehrlich Pisma wybrane Pawla Wlodkowica Works of Paul Wladimiri A Selection 3 vols Warszawa PAX 1966 69 Latin edition Polish and English translation Stanislaw Belch Paulus Vladimiri and His Doctrine Concerning International Law and Politics 2 vols The Hague Mouton 1965 vol II Latin edition See also editFrancisco de Vitoria List of Polish lawyersSources editStarodawne prawa Polskiego pomniki vol 5 part 1 ed Michael Bobrzynski 1878 Academia litterarum Cracoviensis including Wlodkowic s Tractatus de potestate along with the Teutonic Knights response the Tractatus de ordine crucifero and the Tractatus de annatis along with a preface in Polish http original britannica com eb topic 646378 Pawel Wlodkowic http www britannica com EBchecked topic 646378 Pawel Wlodkowic http www 123exp biographies com t 00034177042 https web archive org web 20080622093435 http www wzks uj edu pl epi 2004 lha11 zyciorys html in Polish http czasopisma upjp2 edu pl thepersonandthechallenges article view 1653References edit Pawel Wlodkowic wybitny polski prawnik oraz prekursor tolerancji religijnej Retrieved 12 April 2020 Wesolowska E Anna 1997 Pawel Wlodkowic wspolczesne znaczenie pogladow i dokonan Torun Wydawnictwo Adam Marszalek p 10 Erlich Ludwik 1968 Pisma wybrane Pawla Wlodkowica Preface Warsaw PAX p 13 Fijalek Jan Nepomucen 1902 Ostatnie slowo Pawla Wlodkowica o zakonie krzyzackim Przeglad Koscielny p 269 The Right of Infidels to Protect Their Goods from the Perspective of the 15th Century Polish School of Ius gentium Retrieved 12 April 2020 O WOJNIE I TOLERANCJI Retrieved 12 April 2020 Pawel Wlodkowic s address at the Council of Constance Retrieved 12 April 2020 Pawel Wlodkowic wybitny polski prawnik oraz prekursor tolerancji religijnej Retrieved 12 April 2020 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pawel Wlodkowic amp oldid 1221740437, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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