Yablochkov graduated in 1866 as a military engineer from Nikolayev Engineering Institute, now Military engineering-technical university (Russian Военный инженерно-технический университет), and in 1869 from Technical Galvanic School in Saint Petersburg. After serving in the army, Yablochkov settled in Moscow in 1873, where he was appointed Head of Telegraph Office at the Moscow-Kursk railroad. He opened up a workshop for his experiments in electrical engineering, which laid down the foundations for his future inventions in the field of electric lighting, electric machines, galvanic cells and accumulators.
Yablochkov's demonstration of his brilliant arc lights at the 1878 Paris Exposition along the Avenue de l'Opéra triggered a steep sell off of gas utility stocks
Yablochkov’s major invention was the first model of an arc lamp that eliminated the mechanical complexity of competing lights that required a regulator to manage the voltaic arc. He went to Paris the same year where he built an industrial sample of the "electric candle" (Frenchpatent № 112024, 1876). It was in Paris that he developed his arc light idea into a complete system of electric lighting[1] powered by Zénobe Gramme direct current dynamos fitted with an inverter to supply single-phase alternating current. The first public use of the Yablochkov system was in October 1877 at Halle Marengo of the Magasins du Louvre which was lit by six Yablochkov candles. By 1880, the system had grown in size to 120 lamps with 84 lit at a time powered by a 100-horsepower steam engine and had been operating every night for two and one half years.[2]
The Paris Exposition of 1878 presented Yablochkov with the unique opportunity to make a spectacular demonstration for a world audience, and through the promotional efforts of Gramme[3] was successful in having 64 of his arc lights installed along the half mile (0.8 km) length of Avenue de l'Opéra, Place du Théâtre Français (today Place André-Malraux) and around the Place de l'Opéra. It was first lit in February 1878.[2][4] Yablochkov candles required high voltage, and it was not long before experimenters reported that the arc lights could be powered on a 7-mile (11 km) circuit.[2] Yablochkov candles were superior to Lontin-Serrin regulator arc lights that each required a separate Gramme generator. Beginning in 1880, the Paris Hippodrome's 20 Serrin lights powered by 20 generators were replaced by 68 additional Yablochkov candles, based on two years of positive experience with 60 candles powered by just three generators.[2] The impact of the 1878 Paris demonstration was a depression in the value of gas company shares which did not recover until 1880. French, English, and American businessmen quickly set up companies licensing Yablochkov's patents.
As part of his arc lighting patents, Yablochkov described a method of employing Michael Faraday's discovery of induction to create a continuous current of higher voltage, where primary windings were connected to a source of alternating current and secondary windings could be connected to several electric "candles". Although it was not recognized at the time, Yablochkov's idea of using transformers to provide different voltages from the same AC line[5] was the model that modern transmission and distribution systems would settle on. As the patent said such a system "allowed to provide separate supply to several lighting fixtures with different luminous intensities from a single source of electric power". In 1879, Yablochkov established “Electric Lighting Company, P.N. Yablochkov the Inventor and Co” and an electrical plant in Petersburg that would later produce illuminators for military vessels and factories. There was considerable international competition to his arc lights. His lasted only one and a half hours[6] whereas those of Charles F. Brush lasted twice as long.
From the mid-1880s, Yablochkov mostly occupied himself with problems of generating electric energy. He constructed the so-called “magnet dynamo electric machine”, which had most of the features of the modern inductor. Yablochkov did extensive research on transformation of fuel energy into electric energy, suggested a galvanic cell with alkalineelectrolyte, and created a regenerative cell (the so-called autoaccumulator).
Yablochkov participated in Electrical engineering exhibitions in Russia (1880 and 1882), Paris (1881 and 1889), and First International Congress of Electricians (1881). For participation in the exhibition and congress, he was awarded the French Order of the Legion of Honor.
Personal life
Yablochkov was an active Freemason.[7] He was initiated in 1876 into the Supreme Council of France of the Scottish Rite. After being "Worshipful Master" of three lodges in Paris, he created a new lodge under the Supreme Council known as "Cosmos" in 25 June 1887. Through this he hoped to attract young and wealthy Russian emigrants in Paris. One member of his lodge was Maksim Kovalevsky, who would later help bring Freemasonry back to Russia and prepare the groundwork for the foundation of the Grand Orient of Russia's Peoples.
Legacy
In 1947, the USSR introduced the Yablochkov Award for the best work in the field of electrical engineering.
Media related to Pavel Yablochkov at Wikimedia Commons
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Jablochkov, Paul" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
References
^W. de Fonveille (1880-01-22). "Gas and Electricity in Paris". Nature. 21 (534): 283. doi:10.1038/021282b0. Retrieved 2009-01-09.
^ abcdBerly (1880-03-24). "Notes on the Jablochkoff System of Electric Lighting". Journal of the Society of Telegraph Engineers. IX (32): 143. Retrieved 2009-01-07.
^David Oakes Woodbury (1949). A Measure for Greatness: a short biography of Edward Weston. McGraw-Hill. p. 83. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
^John Patrick Barrett (1894). Electricity at the Columbian Exposition. R. R. Donnelley & sons company. p. 1. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
^Emile Alglave; J. Boulard; Thomas O'Conor Sloane; Charles Marshall Lungren (1884). The Electric Light: Its History, Production, and Applications. D. Appleton and company. p. 112. ISBN0-548-99670-9. Retrieved 2009-01-09.
^ "Noteworthy members of the Grand Orient of France in Russia and the Supreme Council of the Grand Orient of Russia's People". Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. 15 October 2017.
Further reading
A biographical research of the life of Pavel Nikolayevich Yablockkov by Prof. Lev Davidovich Belkind
Gallery
Monument on P. N. Yablochkov's tomb (village Sapozhok, Rtishchevsky area)
Yablochkov arc lamps illuminating Music hall on la Place du Chateau d'eau in Paris circa 1880.
The house in Saratov where Yablochkov lived at the end of his life.
The Paris Hippodrome circa 1881 was lit with 128 Yablochkov candles, with approximately one Gramme generator required per 20 lights.
May 12, 2023
pavel, yablochkov, pavel, nikolayevich, yablochkov, also, transliterated, jablochkoff, russian, Павел, Николаевич, Яблочков, september, september, 1847, march, march, 1894, russian, electrical, engineer, businessman, inventor, yablochkov, candle, type, electri. Pavel Nikolayevich Yablochkov also transliterated as Jablochkoff Russian Pavel Nikolaevich Yablochkov September 14 O S September 2 1847 March 31 O S March 19 1894 was a Russian electrical engineer businessman and the inventor of the Yablochkov candle a type of electric carbon arc lamp and the transformer Pavel YablochkovBornSeptember 14 1847Serdobsky Uyezd Saratov Governorate Russian EmpireDiedMarch 31 1894 1894 03 31 aged 46 Saratov Russian EmpireNationalityRussianEducationMilitary engineering technical university St PetersburgOccupationEngineerEngineering careerProjectsYablochkov candle TransformerAwardsFrench Legion of Honor Contents 1 Biography 2 Personal life 3 Legacy 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 GalleryBiography EditYablochkov graduated in 1866 as a military engineer from Nikolayev Engineering Institute now Military engineering technical university Russian Voennyj inzhenerno tehnicheskij universitet and in 1869 from Technical Galvanic School in Saint Petersburg After serving in the army Yablochkov settled in Moscow in 1873 where he was appointed Head of Telegraph Office at the Moscow Kursk railroad He opened up a workshop for his experiments in electrical engineering which laid down the foundations for his future inventions in the field of electric lighting electric machines galvanic cells and accumulators Yablochkov s demonstration of his brilliant arc lights at the 1878 Paris Exposition along the Avenue de l Opera triggered a steep sell off of gas utility stocks Yablochkov s major invention was the first model of an arc lamp that eliminated the mechanical complexity of competing lights that required a regulator to manage the voltaic arc He went to Paris the same year where he built an industrial sample of the electric candle French patent 112024 1876 It was in Paris that he developed his arc light idea into a complete system of electric lighting 1 powered by Zenobe Gramme direct current dynamos fitted with an inverter to supply single phase alternating current The first public use of the Yablochkov system was in October 1877 at Halle Marengo of the Magasins du Louvre which was lit by six Yablochkov candles By 1880 the system had grown in size to 120 lamps with 84 lit at a time powered by a 100 horsepower steam engine and had been operating every night for two and one half years 2 The Paris Exposition of 1878 presented Yablochkov with the unique opportunity to make a spectacular demonstration for a world audience and through the promotional efforts of Gramme 3 was successful in having 64 of his arc lights installed along the half mile 0 8 km length of Avenue de l Opera Place du Theatre Francais today Place Andre Malraux and around the Place de l Opera It was first lit in February 1878 2 4 Yablochkov candles required high voltage and it was not long before experimenters reported that the arc lights could be powered on a 7 mile 11 km circuit 2 Yablochkov candles were superior to Lontin Serrin regulator arc lights that each required a separate Gramme generator Beginning in 1880 the Paris Hippodrome s 20 Serrin lights powered by 20 generators were replaced by 68 additional Yablochkov candles based on two years of positive experience with 60 candles powered by just three generators 2 The impact of the 1878 Paris demonstration was a depression in the value of gas company shares which did not recover until 1880 French English and American businessmen quickly set up companies licensing Yablochkov s patents As part of his arc lighting patents Yablochkov described a method of employing Michael Faraday s discovery of induction to create a continuous current of higher voltage where primary windings were connected to a source of alternating current and secondary windings could be connected to several electric candles Although it was not recognized at the time Yablochkov s idea of using transformers to provide different voltages from the same AC line 5 was the model that modern transmission and distribution systems would settle on As the patent said such a system allowed to provide separate supply to several lighting fixtures with different luminous intensities from a single source of electric power In 1879 Yablochkov established Electric Lighting Company P N Yablochkov the Inventor and Co and an electrical plant in Petersburg that would later produce illuminators for military vessels and factories There was considerable international competition to his arc lights His lasted only one and a half hours 6 whereas those of Charles F Brush lasted twice as long From the mid 1880s Yablochkov mostly occupied himself with problems of generating electric energy He constructed the so called magnet dynamo electric machine which had most of the features of the modern inductor Yablochkov did extensive research on transformation of fuel energy into electric energy suggested a galvanic cell with alkaline electrolyte and created a regenerative cell the so called autoaccumulator Yablochkov participated in Electrical engineering exhibitions in Russia 1880 and 1882 Paris 1881 and 1889 and First International Congress of Electricians 1881 For participation in the exhibition and congress he was awarded the French Order of the Legion of Honor Personal life EditYablochkov was an active Freemason 7 He was initiated in 1876 into the Supreme Council of France of the Scottish Rite After being Worshipful Master of three lodges in Paris he created a new lodge under the Supreme Council known as Cosmos in 25 June 1887 Through this he hoped to attract young and wealthy Russian emigrants in Paris One member of his lodge was Maksim Kovalevsky who would later help bring Freemasonry back to Russia and prepare the groundwork for the foundation of the Grand Orient of Russia s Peoples Legacy EditIn 1947 the USSR introduced the Yablochkov Award for the best work in the field of electrical engineering The crater Yablochkov on the Moon is named after him See also Edit Wikisource has original text related to this article The Electric Candle Thomas Edison Yablochkov candle Media related to Pavel Yablochkov at Wikimedia Commons Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Jablochkov Paul Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed Cambridge University Press References Edit W de Fonveille 1880 01 22 Gas and Electricity in Paris Nature 21 534 283 doi 10 1038 021282b0 Retrieved 2009 01 09 a b c d Berly 1880 03 24 Notes on the Jablochkoff System of Electric Lighting Journal of the Society of Telegraph Engineers IX 32 143 Retrieved 2009 01 07 David Oakes Woodbury 1949 A Measure for Greatness a short biography of Edward Weston McGraw Hill p 83 Retrieved 2009 01 04 John Patrick Barrett 1894 Electricity at the Columbian Exposition R R Donnelley amp sons company p 1 Retrieved 2009 01 04 Stanley Transformer Los Alamos National Laboratory University of Florida Archived from the original on 2009 01 19 Retrieved 2009 01 09 Emile Alglave J Boulard Thomas O Conor Sloane Charles Marshall Lungren 1884 The Electric Light Its History Production and Applications D Appleton and company p 112 ISBN 0 548 99670 9 Retrieved 2009 01 09 Noteworthy members of the Grand Orient of France in Russia and the Supreme Council of the Grand Orient of Russia s People Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon 15 October 2017 Further reading EditA biographical research of the life of Pavel Nikolayevich Yablockkov by Prof Lev Davidovich BelkindGallery Edit Monument on P N Yablochkov s tomb village Sapozhok Rtishchevsky area Yablochkov arc lamps illuminating Music hall on la Place du Chateau d eau in Paris circa 1880 The house in Saratov where Yablochkov lived at the end of his life The Paris Hippodrome circa 1881 was lit with 128 Yablochkov candles with approximately one Gramme generator required per 20 lights Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pavel Yablochkov amp oldid 1146911483, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
