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Paul Abadie

February 16, 2024

Paul Abadie (9 November 1812 – 3 August 1884)[1] was a French architect and building restorer. He is considered a central representative of French historicism. He was the son of architect Paul Abadie Sr.

Paul Abadie

Abadie worked on the restoration of Notre-Dame de Paris, Église Sainte-Croix of Bordeaux, Saint-Pierre of Angoulême and Saint-Front of Périgueux. He won the competition in 1873 [2] to design the Basilica of the Sacré Cœur on Montmartre in Paris, and saw construction commence on it, though he died long before its completion in 1914.

Biography edit

Paul Abadie (Jr.) was born on 9 November 1812 in Paris, France.[3] He was the son of Paul Abadie Sr., who was also an architect in France. He entered the School of Fine Arts (École des Beaux-Arts) in 1835; under the direction of the Monsieur Achille Leclère.[4]

As attaché to the commission for historical monuments, he participated in the architectural rediscovery of the Middle Ages, touring and studying medieval sites intensively. Abadie was known to be interested in the restoration of medieval monuments and buildings; namely the Church of S. Front and the Cathedral of Angoulême. He also designed the Hotel de Ville at Angoulême.[4]

 
Basilique du Sacré-Cœur

In 1845 he became second inspector for the restoration of Notre Dame de Paris, under the directorship of architects Violet le Duc and Lassus. In 1862 he was appointed as the diocesan architect for the Saint André Cathedral of Bordeaux, where he had already restored the facade of the church Saint-Croix (1859-1865).

In 1871 he became a member of the commission for historical monuments. In 1872 he became the general inspector of diocesan buildings, then in 1874 the diocesan architect for Paris, replacing Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, who had resigned from that post.

In 1873 his entry in the competition for the construction of a basilica on Montmartre, a hill dominating Paris, was selected ahead of 12 other submissions, by Cardinal Joseph Guibert. The design became the basis for the Sacré-Cœur, Paris, which Abadie began in 1875 but did not finish. In 1874 he replaced Viollet-le-Duc as architect of Notre Dame of Paris.[4] In 1875, he was elected to membership of the Académie des Beaux Arts.

Apart from ecclesiastical and state commissions, Abadie is known to have only accepted one private commission, Mailleberchie Castle, in 1875, which he designed in great detail, as a complete neo-medieval work of art, including stone carvings, gargoyles, stained glass windows, metalwork, wood carvings, furnishings, upholstery, wall fabrics and wallpapers.[5]

Abadie began the Basilica of Sacré Cœur, but he died during its construction, on 3 August 1884, in Chatou, (departement of Yvelines), France.

List of works edit

Constructions edit

Restorations edit

Other edit

Legacy and influence edit

The work of Paul Abadie was not appreciated by some academics in the mid-twentieth century, as they felt he was fanciful, destroyed much Romanesque heritage, and had no compunction about adding whimsical sculptures of his own manufacture on capitals and corbels. An example of his willful implantations of false Romanesque sculpture is to be found in the clover-leaf church of St Michel d'Entraygues near Angoulême. Here, he has introduced a capital featuring a triple-headed Green Man with horns and a diabolical expression. Despite its intriguing shape, this small church has no connection with the Templars, but was built to receive pilgrims on the way to Compostela.[9] Abadie's restoration works at Périgueux Cathedral[7] and Angoulême Cathedral have been criticized for owing more to conjecture than historical accuracy.[8]

However, from the 1980s onwards his life-work has been positively reevaluated, in particular due to his paramount role in the neo-medieval movement, recognizing within that movement his originality versus his contemporary, Viollet-le-Duc.[10] Many communities in the present-day Charente and Dordogne departments are indebted to him for the restoration of a large number of ecclesiastical buildings, many that were in severe disrepair or simply neglected over centuries, for example in Angoulême, Périgueux, and Cahors, where from 1849 onwards he was the diocesan architect for those dioceses. His works, in particular Sacré Cœur, inspired many devotional and pilgrimage basilicas, for example the Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Brussels, (Koekelberg), 1919–1960, by Albert van Huffel, or the basilica Sainte-Thérèse de Lisieux, 1928–1954, by Louis-Marie Cordonnier. He also inspired a large number of churches, most notably in Paris (Saint-Esprit, 1928–1935, by Paul Tournon; Saint-Pierre-de-Chaillot, 1931–1938, by Émile Bois; and Sainte-Odile, 1934–1946, by Jacques Barge).[11]

References edit

  1. ^ "Paul Abadie, architecte".
  2. ^ "Sacré-Coeur facts. History". Paris Digest. 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  3. ^ Brief biography @ Essential Architecture
  4. ^ a b c Sturgis, Russell (1901). A Dictionary of Architecture and Building, Volume I. Macmillan. p. 1.
  5. ^ Association Promotion Patrimoine, 1993, Chateaux, Manoirs et Logis, List of Works, p. 227 ISBN 2-910137-05-8
  6. ^ Juppé, Alain (18 October 2018). Dictionnaire amoureux de Bordeaux (in French). Place des éditeurs. ISBN 978-2-259-26860-8. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  7. ^ a b Fleming, John; Honour, Hugh; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1998). The Penguin Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (5 ed.). Penguin. p. 1. ISBN 0-14-051323-X.
  8. ^ a b Curl, James Stevens (1999). Oxford Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (2 ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-860678-9.
  9. ^ Article by Charles Daras, President of the Angoulême Archaeological and Historical Society.
  10. ^ Paul Abadie @ Histoire du Vésinet.
  11. ^ Paul Abadie @ Universalis.

February 16, 2024
paul, abadie, november, 1812, august, 1884, french, architect, building, restorer, considered, central, representative, french, historicism, architect, abadie, worked, restoration, notre, dame, paris, Église, sainte, croix, bordeaux, saint, pierre, angoulême, . Paul Abadie 9 November 1812 3 August 1884 1 was a French architect and building restorer He is considered a central representative of French historicism He was the son of architect Paul Abadie Sr Paul AbadieAbadie worked on the restoration of Notre Dame de Paris Eglise Sainte Croix of Bordeaux Saint Pierre of Angouleme and Saint Front of Perigueux He won the competition in 1873 2 to design the Basilica of the Sacre Cœur on Montmartre in Paris and saw construction commence on it though he died long before its completion in 1914 Contents 1 Biography 2 List of works 2 1 Constructions 2 2 Restorations 2 3 Other 3 Legacy and influence 4 ReferencesBiography editPaul Abadie Jr was born on 9 November 1812 in Paris France 3 He was the son of Paul Abadie Sr who was also an architect in France He entered the School of Fine Arts Ecole des Beaux Arts in 1835 under the direction of the Monsieur Achille Leclere 4 As attache to the commission for historical monuments he participated in the architectural rediscovery of the Middle Ages touring and studying medieval sites intensively Abadie was known to be interested in the restoration of medieval monuments and buildings namely the Church of S Front and the Cathedral of Angouleme He also designed the Hotel de Ville at Angouleme 4 nbsp Basilique du Sacre CœurIn 1845 he became second inspector for the restoration of Notre Dame de Paris under the directorship of architects Violet le Duc and Lassus In 1862 he was appointed as the diocesan architect for the Saint Andre Cathedral of Bordeaux where he had already restored the facade of the church Saint Croix 1859 1865 In 1871 he became a member of the commission for historical monuments In 1872 he became the general inspector of diocesan buildings then in 1874 the diocesan architect for Paris replacing Eugene Viollet le Duc who had resigned from that post In 1873 his entry in the competition for the construction of a basilica on Montmartre a hill dominating Paris was selected ahead of 12 other submissions by Cardinal Joseph Guibert The design became the basis for the Sacre Cœur Paris which Abadie began in 1875 but did not finish In 1874 he replaced Viollet le Duc as architect of Notre Dame of Paris 4 In 1875 he was elected to membership of the Academie des Beaux Arts Apart from ecclesiastical and state commissions Abadie is known to have only accepted one private commission Mailleberchie Castle in 1875 which he designed in great detail as a complete neo medieval work of art including stone carvings gargoyles stained glass windows metalwork wood carvings furnishings upholstery wall fabrics and wallpapers 5 Abadie began the Basilica of Sacre Cœur but he died during its construction on 3 August 1884 in Chatou departement of Yvelines France List of works editConstructions edit Basilica Sacre Cœur Paris France Church of Chatou France Neo romanic Church of Saint Georges of Mussidan France Mailleberchie Castle Villebois Lavalette FranceRestorations edit Notre Dame de Paris initially under supervision of Viollet le Duc Church Sainte Croix Bordeaux Church Saint Michel Tower Bordeaux France Saint Ferdinand Church Bordeaux France Church of the Bastide Eglise de la Bastide Bordeaux France Sacristy of the Saint Andre Cathedral Bordeaux France Great Synagogue of Bordeaux Bordeaux France 6 Saint Front Perigueux Cathedral Perigueux France 7 Saint Georges Church Perigueux France Saint Pierre Abbey of Brantome France Angouleme Cathedral Angouleme France 8 Saint Etienne Cathedral Cahors France Saint Leger Church Cognac France Chateau d Angouleme Angouleme France Saint Martial Church Angouleme France Sacre Cœur Paris FranceOther edit Grave monument for Jean Louis Guez de Balzac Hotel Dieu Chapel Angouleme FranceLegacy and influence editThe work of Paul Abadie was not appreciated by some academics in the mid twentieth century as they felt he was fanciful destroyed much Romanesque heritage and had no compunction about adding whimsical sculptures of his own manufacture on capitals and corbels An example of his willful implantations of false Romanesque sculpture is to be found in the clover leaf church of St Michel d Entraygues near Angouleme Here he has introduced a capital featuring a triple headed Green Man with horns and a diabolical expression Despite its intriguing shape this small church has no connection with the Templars but was built to receive pilgrims on the way to Compostela 9 Abadie s restoration works at Perigueux Cathedral 7 and Angouleme Cathedral have been criticized for owing more to conjecture than historical accuracy 8 However from the 1980s onwards his life work has been positively reevaluated in particular due to his paramount role in the neo medieval movement recognizing within that movement his originality versus his contemporary Viollet le Duc 10 Many communities in the present day Charente and Dordogne departments are indebted to him for the restoration of a large number of ecclesiastical buildings many that were in severe disrepair or simply neglected over centuries for example in Angouleme Perigueux and Cahors where from 1849 onwards he was the diocesan architect for those dioceses His works in particular Sacre Cœur inspired many devotional and pilgrimage basilicas for example the Basilica of the Sacred Heart Brussels Koekelberg 1919 1960 by Albert van Huffel or the basilica Sainte Therese de Lisieux 1928 1954 by Louis Marie Cordonnier He also inspired a large number of churches most notably in Paris Saint Esprit 1928 1935 by Paul Tournon Saint Pierre de Chaillot 1931 1938 by Emile Bois and Sainte Odile 1934 1946 by Jacques Barge 11 References edit Paul Abadie architecte Sacre Coeur facts History Paris Digest 2018 Retrieved 3 January 2019 Brief biography Essential Architecture a b c Sturgis Russell 1901 A Dictionary of Architecture and Building Volume I Macmillan p 1 Association Promotion Patrimoine 1993 Chateaux Manoirs et Logis List of Works p 227 ISBN 2 910137 05 8 Juppe Alain 18 October 2018 Dictionnaire amoureux de Bordeaux in French Place des editeurs ISBN 978 2 259 26860 8 Retrieved 27 March 2022 a b Fleming John Honour Hugh Pevsner Nikolaus 1998 The Penguin Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture 5 ed Penguin p 1 ISBN 0 14 051323 X a b Curl James Stevens 1999 Oxford Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture 2 ed Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 860678 9 Article by Charles Daras President of the Angouleme Archaeological and Historical Society Paul Abadie Histoire du Vesinet Paul Abadie Universalis Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Paul Abadie amp oldid 1160368414, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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