Patient-centered outcomes are results of health care that can be obtained from a healthcare professional's ability to care for their patients and their patient's families in ways that are meaningful, valuable and helpful to the patient. Patient-centered outcomes focus attention on a patient's beliefs, opinions, and needs in conjunction with a physician's medical expertise and assessment.[1] In the United States, the growth of the healthcare industry has put pressure on providers to see more patients in less time, fill out paperwork in a timely manner, and stay current on the ever-changing medical advancements that occur daily. This increased pressure on healthcare workers has put stress on the provider-patient relationship.[2] The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) is a United States Government funded research institute that funds studies that compare healthcare options to find out what options and situations work best for patients of different circumstances. PCORI uses their research to increase the quality of healthcare and push the healthcare system towards a more patient-centered approach.[3] The Beryl Institute, a non-profit institute dedicated to the improvement of patient experience through Evidence-based research, released data that found that over 90% of patients believe patient-centered outcomes to be "extremely important" to their healthcare experience.[4] Individuals that participated in this study by the Beryl Institute claimed that the aspects of healthcare that they see as most influential to their healthcare experience include effective communication, pain management, a clear and well-explained plan of care and a clean and comfortable environment.[4] In addition to this data, women were found to have the largest issues with lack of patient-centered care, reporting higher rates of pain and less empathy than men.[5]
In the 19th century, the United States Healthcare System began with hospitals offering services to individuals on a fee for service basis, allowing providers to price discriminate based on the health of their patients.[6] With the growth of the American healthcare system after the early 19th century, patient-centered outcomes began to become more of a focus within the healthcare community. In 1978, The Declaration of Alma-Alta was created as the first international declaration of primary healthcare's role in promoting the health of all people.[7] Later, in 2001, the Institute for Healthcare Improvement released its six aims for changing healthcare, citing patient-centered healthcare as its third aim.[7]
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Actedit
Following the publishing of the six aims, President Barack Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act into law. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act had three primary goals, to make health insurance affordable and available to more people, to expand the Medicaid to cover more individuals, and to support innovative medical care delivery methods that would lower the costs of health care.[8] With these changes, there was a significant increase in the popularity of the push towards patient-centered healthcare. The Affordable Care Act's federal incentive programs put emphasis on value-based reimbursement. These programs, along with the basic increase in volume of patients that entered the healthcare system under the ACA, put an increased emphasis on patient-centered outcomes and consumer experiences.[9]
Key Outcomesedit
In 2014, the Institute Of Medicine (IOM) published six dimensions of patient-centered healthcare that they deemed as essential in producing quality healthcare. These six dimensions are:
Safe: Avoid harm to patients.
Effective: Provide services based on sound scientific knowledge to patients who could benefit from such services and refrain from providing services to patients that may not benefit them.
Patient-centered: Care that is respectful to the patient's values, needs, concerns.
Timely: Reduce delays in patient care that may be harmful to the patient's overall well-being.
Efficient: Avoid waste of services and resources.
Equitable: Provide care to all patients that is of equal quality that does not vary based on an individual's race, ethnicity or other personal characteristics.[10]
The overall goal of a patient-centered outcome approach to healthcare is the focus on an individual's specific healthcare needs taking into account the patient's own goals in treatment alongside the provider's best clinical expertise in the topic as a medical professional. While it is important to have members of a multidisciplinary healthcare team that have the best training and knowledge caring for the patient, it is also essential that the patient themselves to actively communicate and be vocal about their values and concerns.[11] Healthcare professionals should be using language that the patient can understand and should educate and inform their patients on all decisions made concerning their health. Additionally, researchers seeking to provide evidence to positively guide effective patient-centered decision-making need to ensure standards to prevent missing data that can result in challenges to the integrity of the studies that produce the guidelines themselves.[12]
Cost-Effective Care in the United Statesedit
The United States pays more in healthcare expenditure per capita than any other country. Healthcare expenditures the United States accounts for approximately 16% of the country's gross domestic product and per capita spending on healthcare is more than twice that of other developed nations.[13] Given these statistics, healthcare in the United States is no better than in other countries, with the more than 50 million people uninsured and astronomical healthcare prices and expenditures.[14] Much of what accounts for the high expenditures is the fact that a large percentage of money going into healthcare is put towards wasteful or unnecessary expenses. Examples of these non-economical expenditures include excessive administrative costs, fraud, and abuse within the healthcare system (both among providers and patients), and misallocated treatments and procedures.[13] This misuse of funds jeopardizes providers to offer the best services to their patients and leaves reduced funds for research into developing new diagnostic and treatment technologies. Abuse of healthcare funds in the United States is a barrier that patient-centered outcomes face as it diverts funds from healthcare professionals who are dedicated to promoting the idea of patient-centered healthcare.
^Jayadevappa R (March 23, 2017). "Patient-Centered Outcomes Research and Patient-Centered Care for Older Adults: A Perspective". Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine. 3: 2333721417700759. doi:10.1177/2333721417700759. PMC5433669. PMID 28540344.
^American College of Physicians. The Advanced Medical Home: A Patient-Centered, Physician-Guided Model of Health Care. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians; 2005: Position Paper. (Available from American College of Physicians, 190 N. Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106.)
^"Our Story". www.pcori.org. August 5, 2014. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
^ abYohn DL. "What Patients Really Want And Why Healthcare Companies Should Care". Forbes. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
^Teunissen TA, Rotink ME, Lagro-Janssen AL (April 2016). "Gender differences in quality of care experiences during hospital stay: A contribution to patient-centered healthcare for both men and women". Patient Education and Counseling. 99 (4): 631–637. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2015.10.033. PMID 26590706.
^"PBS- Healthcare Crisis: Healthcare Timeline". www.pbs.org. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
^ ab"History". Patient-Centered Primary Care Collaborative. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
^"Affordable Care Act (ACA)". HealthCare.gov Glossary. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
^"How the Affordable Care Act Impacts Patient Engagement". PatientEngagementHIT. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
^"The Six Domains of Health Care Quality". www.ahrq.gov. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
^Li, Tianjing; Hutfless, Susan; Scharfstein, Daniel O.; Daniels, Michael J.; Hogan, Joseph W.; Little, Roderick J.A.; Roy, Jason A.; Law, Andrew H.; Dickersin, Kay (2014). "Standards should be applied in the prevention and handling of missing data for patient-centered outcomes research: a systematic review and expert consensus". Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 67 (1): 15–32. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.08.013. PMC4631258. PMID 24262770.
^ abBentley TG, Effros RM, Palar K, Keeler EB (December 2008). "Waste in the U.S. Health care system: a conceptual framework". The Milbank Quarterly. 86 (4): 629–59. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2008.00537.x. PMC2690367. PMID 19120983.
^National Research Council (US); Institute of Medicine (US) (2013). Woolf SH, Aron L (eds.). Public Health and Medical Care Systems. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
January 01, 1970
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Patient centered outcomes are results of health care that can be obtained from a healthcare professional s ability to care for their patients and their patient s families in ways that are meaningful valuable and helpful to the patient Patient centered outcomes focus attention on a patient s beliefs opinions and needs in conjunction with a physician s medical expertise and assessment 1 In the United States the growth of the healthcare industry has put pressure on providers to see more patients in less time fill out paperwork in a timely manner and stay current on the ever changing medical advancements that occur daily This increased pressure on healthcare workers has put stress on the provider patient relationship 2 The Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute PCORI is a United States Government funded research institute that funds studies that compare healthcare options to find out what options and situations work best for patients of different circumstances PCORI uses their research to increase the quality of healthcare and push the healthcare system towards a more patient centered approach 3 The Beryl Institute a non profit institute dedicated to the improvement of patient experience through Evidence based research released data that found that over 90 of patients believe patient centered outcomes to be extremely important to their healthcare experience 4 Individuals that participated in this study by the Beryl Institute claimed that the aspects of healthcare that they see as most influential to their healthcare experience include effective communication pain management a clear and well explained plan of care and a clean and comfortable environment 4 In addition to this data women were found to have the largest issues with lack of patient centered care reporting higher rates of pain and less empathy than men 5 Contents 1 History 1 1 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 2 Key Outcomes 2 1 Cost Effective Care in the United States 3 See also 4 ReferencesHistory editIn the 19th century the United States Healthcare System began with hospitals offering services to individuals on a fee for service basis allowing providers to price discriminate based on the health of their patients 6 With the growth of the American healthcare system after the early 19th century patient centered outcomes began to become more of a focus within the healthcare community In 1978 The Declaration of Alma Alta was created as the first international declaration of primary healthcare s role in promoting the health of all people 7 Later in 2001 the Institute for Healthcare Improvement released its six aims for changing healthcare citing patient centered healthcare as its third aim 7 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act edit Following the publishing of the six aims President Barack Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act into law The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act had three primary goals to make health insurance affordable and available to more people to expand the Medicaid to cover more individuals and to support innovative medical care delivery methods that would lower the costs of health care 8 With these changes there was a significant increase in the popularity of the push towards patient centered healthcare The Affordable Care Act s federal incentive programs put emphasis on value based reimbursement These programs along with the basic increase in volume of patients that entered the healthcare system under the ACA put an increased emphasis on patient centered outcomes and consumer experiences 9 Key Outcomes editIn 2014 the Institute Of Medicine IOM published six dimensions of patient centered healthcare that they deemed as essential in producing quality healthcare These six dimensions are Safe Avoid harm to patients Effective Provide services based on sound scientific knowledge to patients who could benefit from such services and refrain from providing services to patients that may not benefit them Patient centered Care that is respectful to the patient s values needs concerns Timely Reduce delays in patient care that may be harmful to the patient s overall well being Efficient Avoid waste of services and resources Equitable Provide care to all patients that is of equal quality that does not vary based on an individual s race ethnicity or other personal characteristics 10 The overall goal of a patient centered outcome approach to healthcare is the focus on an individual s specific healthcare needs taking into account the patient s own goals in treatment alongside the provider s best clinical expertise in the topic as a medical professional While it is important to have members of a multidisciplinary healthcare team that have the best training and knowledge caring for the patient it is also essential that the patient themselves to actively communicate and be vocal about their values and concerns 11 Healthcare professionals should be using language that the patient can understand and should educate and inform their patients on all decisions made concerning their health Additionally researchers seeking to provide evidence to positively guide effective patient centered decision making need to ensure standards to prevent missing data that can result in challenges to the integrity of the studies that produce the guidelines themselves 12 Cost Effective Care in the United States edit The United States pays more in healthcare expenditure per capita than any other country Healthcare expenditures the United States accounts for approximately 16 of the country s gross domestic product and per capita spending on healthcare is more than twice that of other developed nations 13 Given these statistics healthcare in the United States is no better than in other countries with the more than 50 million people uninsured and astronomical healthcare prices and expenditures 14 Much of what accounts for the high expenditures is the fact that a large percentage of money going into healthcare is put towards wasteful or unnecessary expenses Examples of these non economical expenditures include excessive administrative costs fraud and abuse within the healthcare system both among providers and patients and misallocated treatments and procedures 13 This misuse of funds jeopardizes providers to offer the best services to their patients and leaves reduced funds for research into developing new diagnostic and treatment technologies Abuse of healthcare funds in the United States is a barrier that patient centered outcomes face as it diverts funds from healthcare professionals who are dedicated to promoting the idea of patient centered healthcare See also editInteractive patient care Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute PCORI The Patient Patient Centered Outcomes ResearchReferences edit Jayadevappa R March 23 2017 Patient Centered Outcomes Research and Patient Centered Care for Older Adults A Perspective Gerontology amp Geriatric Medicine 3 2333721417700759 doi 10 1177 2333721417700759 PMC 5433669 PMID 28540344 American College of Physicians The Advanced Medical Home A Patient Centered Physician Guided Model of Health Care Philadelphia American College of Physicians 2005 Position Paper Available from American College of Physicians 190 N Independence Mall West Philadelphia PA 19106 Our Story www pcori org August 5 2014 Retrieved October 21 2018 a b Yohn DL What Patients Really Want And Why Healthcare Companies Should Care Forbes Retrieved October 21 2018 Teunissen TA Rotink ME Lagro Janssen AL April 2016 Gender differences in quality of care experiences during hospital stay A contribution to patient centered healthcare for both men and women Patient Education and Counseling 99 4 631 637 doi 10 1016 j pec 2015 10 033 PMID 26590706 PBS Healthcare Crisis Healthcare Timeline www pbs org Retrieved October 21 2018 a b History Patient Centered Primary Care Collaborative Retrieved October 21 2018 Affordable Care Act ACA HealthCare gov Glossary Retrieved October 21 2018 How the Affordable Care Act Impacts Patient Engagement PatientEngagementHIT Retrieved October 21 2018 The Six Domains of Health Care Quality www ahrq gov Retrieved October 25 2018 Reynolds A November 2019 Patient centered Care Radiologic Technology 81 2 133 47 PMID 19901351 Li Tianjing Hutfless Susan Scharfstein Daniel O Daniels Michael J Hogan Joseph W Little Roderick J A Roy Jason A Law Andrew H Dickersin Kay 2014 Standards should be applied in the prevention and handling of missing data for patient centered outcomes research a systematic review and expert consensus Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 67 1 15 32 doi 10 1016 j jclinepi 2013 08 013 PMC 4631258 PMID 24262770 a b Bentley TG Effros RM Palar K Keeler EB December 2008 Waste in the U S Health care system a conceptual framework The Milbank Quarterly 86 4 629 59 doi 10 1111 j 1468 0009 2008 00537 x PMC 2690367 PMID 19120983 National Research Council US Institute of Medicine US 2013 Woolf SH Aron L eds Public Health and Medical Care Systems Washington DC National Academies Press US a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Patient centered outcomes amp oldid 1147194787, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
