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The Parnassians were influenced by Théophile Gautier and his doctrine of "art for art's sake".[2] As a reaction to the less-disciplined types of romantic poetry and what they considered the excessive sentimentality and undue social and political activism of Romantic works, the Parnassians strove for exact and faultless workmanship,[3] selecting exotic and (neo-)classical subjects that they treated with rigidity of form and emotional detachment. Elements of this detachment were derived from the philosophical work of Schopenhauer.[citation needed]
The two most characteristic and most long-lasting members of the movement were Heredia and Leconte de Lisle.[4]
British poets such as Andrew Lang, Austin Dobson and Edmund Gosse were sometimes known as "English Parnassians" for their experiments in old (often originally French) forms such as the ballade, the villanelle and the rondeau, taking inspiration from French authors like Banville. Gerard Manley Hopkins used the term Parnassian pejoratively to describe competent but uninspired poetry, “spoken on and from the level of a poet’s mind”.[8] He identified this trend particularly with the work of Alfred Tennyson, citing the poem "Enoch Arden" as an example.[9] Many prominent Turkish poets of Servet-i Fünun were inspired by Parnassianism such as Tevfik Fikret, Yahya Kemal Beyatlı and Cenap Şahabettin.[10]
^S Serafin, 20th C Eastern European Writers (2000) p. 220
^Lôbo, Danilo (1997). ""O sentimento dum ocidental": uma leitura intersemiótica". Literatura e Sociedade (in Portuguese). 2 (2): 89–99. doi:10.11606/issn.2237-1184.v0i2p89-99.
^W H Gardner ed., Gerard Manley Hopkins (Penguin 1975) p. 154
^Hopkins, Gerard Manley (2002). The Major Works. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 185–186. ISBN978-0-19-953885-0.
^"Parnasizm nedir? Parnasizm sanat akımı kurucusu, örnekleri, eserleri ve temsilcileri hakkında bilgi".
Sourcesedit
General
Baldick, Chris (2015). "Parnassians". The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms(Online Version) (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN9780191783234.
In France
Maurice Souriau, Histoire du Parnasse, ed. Spes, 1929
Louis-Xavier de Ricard, Petits mémoires d'un Parnassien
Adolphe Racot, Les Parnassiens, introduction and commentaries by M. Pakenham, presented by Louis Forestier, Aux Lettres modernes: collection avant-siècle, 1967.
Yann Mortelette, Histoire du Parnasse, Paris : Fayard, 2005, 400 p.
Le Parnasse. Mémoire de la critique, ed. Yann Mortelette, Paris : PUPS, 2006, 444 p.
André Thérive, Le Parnasse, ed. PAUL-DUVAL, 1929.
Luc Decaunes, La Poésie parnassienne Anthologie, Seghers, 1977.
In Brazil
Bilac, Olavo. Complete Works
Essays and criticisms
AZEVEDO, Sanzio de. Parnasianismo na poesia brasileira. Fortaleza: Ceará University, 2000.
BOSI, Alfredo. An intuição da passagem em um soneto de Raimundo Correia, in --- (org). Leitura de Poesia. São Paulo: Ática, 2003.
CANDIDO, Antonio. No coração do silêncio. in: ---. Na sala de aula. São Paulo: Ática, 1985.
CAVALCANTI, Camillo. Fundamentos modernos das Poesias de Alberto de Oliveira, doctoral thesis at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 2008.
FISCHER, Luis Augusto. Parnasianismo brasileiro. Porto Alegre: Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, 2003.
MAGALHÃES Jr., Raymundo. Olavo Bilac. Rio de Janeiro: Americana, 1974.
MARTINO, Pierre. Parnasse et symbolisme. Armand Colin, 1967. (Parnaso y symbolismo, Ed. Ateneo)
April 10, 2024
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French February 2011 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the French article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 6 116 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at fr Parnasse litterature see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated fr Parnasse litterature to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Parnassianism or Parnassism was a group of French poets that began during the positivist period of the 19th century 1860s 1890s occurring after romanticism and prior to symbolism The style was influenced by the author Theophile Gautier as well as by the philosophical ideas of Arthur Schopenhauer 1 Contents 1 Origins and name 2 Transnational influences 3 See also 4 References 4 1 Citations 4 2 SourcesOrigins and name editThe name is derived from the original Parnassian poets journal Le Parnasse contemporain itself named after Mount Parnassus home of the Muses of Greek mythology The anthology was first issued in 1866 and again in 1869 and 1876 including poems by Charles Leconte de Lisle Theodore de Banville Sully Prudhomme Stephane Mallarme Paul Verlaine Francois Coppee Nina de Callias and Jose Maria de Heredia The Parnassians were influenced by Theophile Gautier and his doctrine of art for art s sake 2 As a reaction to the less disciplined types of romantic poetry and what they considered the excessive sentimentality and undue social and political activism of Romantic works the Parnassians strove for exact and faultless workmanship 3 selecting exotic and neo classical subjects that they treated with rigidity of form and emotional detachment Elements of this detachment were derived from the philosophical work of Schopenhauer citation needed The two most characteristic and most long lasting members of the movement were Heredia and Leconte de Lisle 4 Transnational influences editDespite its French origins Parnassianism was not restricted to French authors Perhaps the most idiosyncratic of Parnassians Olavo Bilac Alberto de Oliveira s disciple was an author from Brazil who managed carefully to craft verses and metre while maintaining a strong emotionalism in them 5 Polish Parnassians included Antoni Lange Felicjan Falenski Cyprian Kamil Norwid and Leopold Staff citation needed A Romanian poet with Parnassian influences was Alexandru Macedonski 6 Florbela Espanca was a Parnassian Portuguese poet Larousse as was Cesario Verde 7 British poets such as Andrew Lang Austin Dobson and Edmund Gosse were sometimes known as English Parnassians for their experiments in old often originally French forms such as the ballade the villanelle and the rondeau taking inspiration from French authors like Banville Gerard Manley Hopkins used the term Parnassian pejoratively to describe competent but uninspired poetry spoken on and from the level of a poet s mind 8 He identified this trend particularly with the work of Alfred Tennyson citing the poem Enoch Arden as an example 9 Many prominent Turkish poets of Servet i Funun were inspired by Parnassianism such as Tevfik Fikret Yahya Kemal Beyatli and Cenap Sahabettin 10 See also editZutisteReferences editCitations edit Baldick 2015 G Brereton A Short History of French Literature Penguin 1954 p 288 G Robb Rimbaud London 2001 p 35 G Brereton A Short History of French Literature Penguin 1954 p 289 90 M Rector Brazilian Writers 2005 p 91 S Serafin 20th C Eastern European Writers 2000 p 220 Lobo Danilo 1997 O sentimento dum ocidental uma leitura intersemiotica Literatura e Sociedade in Portuguese 2 2 89 99 doi 10 11606 issn 2237 1184 v0i2p89 99 W H Gardner ed Gerard Manley Hopkins Penguin 1975 p 154 Hopkins Gerard Manley 2002 The Major Works Oxford Oxford University Press pp 185 186 ISBN 978 0 19 953885 0 Parnasizm nedir Parnasizm sanat akimi kurucusu ornekleri eserleri ve temsilcileri hakkinda bilgi Sources edit GeneralBaldick Chris 2015 Parnassians The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms Online Version 4th ed Oxford University Press ISBN 9780191783234 In FranceMaurice Souriau Histoire du Parnasse ed Spes 1929 Louis Xavier de Ricard Petits memoires d un Parnassien Adolphe Racot Les Parnassiens introduction and commentaries by M Pakenham presented by Louis Forestier Aux Lettres modernes collection avant siecle 1967 Yann Mortelette Histoire du Parnasse Paris Fayard 2005 400 p Le Parnasse Memoire de la critique ed Yann Mortelette Paris PUPS 2006 444 p Andre Therive Le Parnasse ed PAUL DUVAL 1929 Luc Decaunes La Poesie parnassienne Anthologie Seghers 1977 In BrazilBilac Olavo Complete Works CORREIA Raimundo 15 poems OLIVEIRA Alberto 20 sonetsEssays and criticismsAZEVEDO Sanzio de Parnasianismo na poesia brasileira Fortaleza Ceara University 2000 BOSI Alfredo An intuicao da passagem em um soneto de Raimundo Correia in org Leitura de Poesia Sao Paulo Atica 2003 CANDIDO Antonio No coracao do silencio in Na sala de aula Sao Paulo Atica 1985 CAVALCANTI Camillo Fundamentos modernos das Poesias de Alberto de Oliveira doctoral thesis at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 2008 FISCHER Luis Augusto Parnasianismo brasileiro Porto Alegre Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul 2003 MAGALHAES Jr Raymundo Olavo Bilac Rio de Janeiro Americana 1974 MARTINO Pierre Parnasse et symbolisme Armand Colin 1967 Parnaso y symbolismo Ed Ateneo Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Parnassianism amp oldid 1181676619, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
