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Panagia

Panagia (Greek: Παναγία, fem. of panágios, pan- + hágios, the All-Holy, or the Most Holy; pronounced Greek pronunciation: [panaˈʝia]) (also transliterated Panaghia or Panajia), in Medieval and Modern Greek, is one of the titles of Mary, mother of Jesus, used especially in Eastern Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity.

13th-century Great Panagia from Yaroslavl.

Most Greek churches dedicated to the Virgin Mary are called Panagia; the standard western Christian designation of "St. Mary" is rarely used in the Orthodox East, as Mary is considered the holiest of all created beings and therefore of higher status than the saints.

Iconography edit

Panagia is also the term for a particular type of icon of the Theotokos, wherein she is facing the viewer directly, usually depicted full length with her hands in the orans position, and with a medallion showing the image of Christ as a child in front of her chest.[1] This medallion symbolically represents Jesus within the womb of the Virgin Mary at the moment of the Incarnation. This type of icon is also called the Platytéra (Greek: Πλατυτέρα, literally wider or more spacious): poetically, by containing the Creator of the Universe in her womb, Mary has become Platytera ton ouranon (Πλατυτέρα τῶν Ουρανῶν), "more spacious than the Heavens". This type is also sometimes called the Virgin of the Sign or Our Lady of the Sign,[citation needed] a reference to Isaiah 7:14:

Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.

Such an image is often placed on the inside of the apse which rises directly over the altar of Orthodox churches.[2] In contrast with standard religious mosaics which usually have gold backgrounds, the Platytera is often depicted on a dark blue background, sometimes dotted with gold stars: a reference to the Heavens.
As with most Orthodox icons of Mary, the letters ΜΡ ΘΥ (short for ΜΗΤΗΡ ΘΕΟΥ, "Mother of God") are usually placed on the upper left and right of the halo of the Virgin Mary.[citation needed]

Vestment edit

 
18th-century Byzantine-style bronze panagia from Jerusalem

By extension of this last sense, a panagia is an engolpion with an icon of the Theotokos, worn by an Orthodox bishop. They can be very simple[3] or extremely elaborate,[4] depending on the personal taste of the particular bishop.

 
Saint Patriarch Tikhon in monastic habit with panagia and engolpion of Jesus

When an Orthodox bishop is vested for the Divine Liturgy or another service, he wears a panagia and a pectoral cross over his other vestments.[5] The primate of an autocephalous church, when fully vested, wears a panagia, a pectoral cross, and an engolpion of Jesus.[6] Bishops of all ranks when not vested will usually wear the panagia alone over their riassa[7] (cassock); this is often the detail that, to the casual observer, distinguishes a bishop from a priest or a monk. The panagia is usually oval in shape and crowned with a depiction of an Eastern mitre. Sometimes, bishops will wear a panagia which is either square (see picture, right) or shaped like a Byzantine double-headed eagle; this latter is especially true of Greek bishops.

When the bishop is vested before the Divine Liturgy, the panagia is presented to him on a tray. He blesses it with both hands and the subdeacons bring it to him to kiss and place the panagia around his neck, while the protodeacon swings the censer and says the following prayer:

May God create a clean heart in thee, and renew a right spirit within thee, always, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Amen.

After the liturgy, when the bishop takes the panagia off to unvest, he crosses himself, kisses the panagia and places it on the Holy Table (altar). After unvesting and putting on his outer riassa, he blesses the panagia, crosses himself again, and puts it on, before exiting through the Holy Doors to bless the faithful.

Blessed bread edit

 
The particles placed on the diskos during the Divine Liturgy. The large cube is the Lamb, the triangle to the left is the particle for the Theotokos taken out of the Panagia.

Panagia may also refer to a prosphoron (Ἄρτος της Παναγίας, Ártos tēs Panagías, "Bread of the All-Holy") which is solemnly blessed in honor of the Theotokos during the Divine Liturgy (see Prosphora for details). From this loaf, a large triangle in honour of the Theotokos is cut and placed on the diskos (paten) during the Liturgy of Preparation. The remainder of the loaf is blessed over the Holy Table (altar) during the hymn Axion Estin, just before the blessing of the antidoron. The priest makes the Sign of the Cross with the Panagia over the Sacred Mysteries (consecrated Body and Blood of Christ) as he says, "Great is the name of the Holy Trinity."[citation needed]

In some monasteries there is a special rite ceremony called the "Lifting of the Panagia" which takes place in the trapeza (refectory). After the dismissal of the Liturgy, a triangular portion is cut from the prosphoron by the refectorian (monk in charge of the refectory). The Panagia is then cut in half and laid crust downwards on a tray. The brethren will go in procession from the catholicon (main church) to the trapeza, and the Panagia is carried on its tray at the head of the procession. Once there, the Panagia is placed on a table called the Panagiarion.[citation needed]

After the meal, the refectorian takes off his klobuk (epanokamelavkion and kamilavkion), and bows to the assembled brethren, saying, "Bless me, holy Fathers, and pardon me a sinner," to which the brotherhood bows and replies, "May God pardon and have mercy on you." Then, taking the Panagia in his fingertips, he lifts it up while saying, "Great is the name," and then the community continues with "of the Holy Trinity." The rite then continues with, "O All-holy Mother of God, help us!" with the reply, "At her prayers, O God, have mercy and save us." Two hymns are then sung while the refectorian, accompanied by a cleric with a hand censer, offers the Panagia to those assembled. Each takes a piece between his finger and thumb, passes it through the incense, and then consumes it as a blessing.[8]

Names edit

From "Panagia" derive the common Greek given names Panagiota (feminine; pronunciation: Pah-nah-YAW-tah, IPA: [panaˈʝota]; common diminutives: Ghiota, Nota) and Panagiotis (masculine; pronunciation: Pah-nah-YAW-tees, IPA: [panaˈʝotis]; common diminutives: Panos, Notis). Both names signify that the person is named in honor of Mary, mother of Jesus and consequently their name days are celebrated as if they were named Mary or Marios.

In the Orthodox world, specific icons and churches of the Virgin Mary are often given particular names, which reflect certain theological or intercessory aspects of Mary, or certain standardised depictions in hagiography, or peculiarities of the particular church or monastery. Some examples of such names (in Greek) are:

  • Angeloktiste (Angel-Built)
  • Bebaia Elpis (the Certain Hope)
  • Boetheia (the Helper)
  • Brephokratousa (the Infant-Holder)
  • Chrysopege (the Fountain of Gold)
  • Deomene (the Supplicant)
  • Eleousa (the Merciful)
  • Eleutherotria (the Liberator)
  • Evangelistria (the Bearer of Good News)
  • Galatiane or Galatousa (the Nurse)
  • Giatrissa (the Healer)
  • Glykophilousa (of the Sweet Kiss)
  • Gorgoepekoos (the Quick-To-Listen)
  • Gregorousa (the Vigilant)
  • Hagia Skepe (the Sacred Protection)
  • Hagia Zone (the Sacred Girdle)
  • Hodegetria (the Leader)
  • Hypermachos Strategos (the Defending General)
  • Kataphyge (the Safe Haven)
  • Megalochare (Of Great Grace)
  • Myrobletissa (the Spring of Myrrh)
  • Myrtiotissa (of the Myrtles)
  • Nerantziotissa (in the Bitter Oranges)
  • Pantanassa (the Queen of All)
  • Paraportiane or Portaitissa (by the Gate)
  • Paregoretria (the Giver of Solace)
  • Phaneromene (the Revealed)
  • Pharmakolytria (the Deliverer from poison)
  • Platytera ton Ouranon (the Wider than the Heavens)
  • Ponolytria (the Deliverer from pain)
  • Thalassine (of the Sea)

References edit

  1. ^ Great Panagia, History of Russian Painting, by Boguslawski
  2. ^ . Archived from the original on Mar 5, 2006. Retrieved Dec 25, 2022.
  3. ^ "Orthodox Church in America". www.oca.org. Retrieved Dec 25, 2022.
  4. ^ "Orthodox Church in America". www.oca.org. Retrieved Dec 25, 2022.
  5. ^ Press releases, Saint Vladimir Orthodox theological seminary
  6. ^ Three Hieararchs Chapel, Saint Vladimir Orthodox theological seminary
  7. ^ . Archived from the original on Mar 4, 2006. Retrieved Dec 25, 2022.
  8. ^ The oldest known surviving manuscript contain the ritual of the "Elevation of the Panagia" is found among the manuscripts preserved at Dumbarton Oaks near Washington, DC.

External links edit

  Media related to Panagia at Wikimedia Commons

panagia, other, uses, disambiguation, greek, Παναγία, panágios, hágios, holy, most, holy, pronounced, greek, pronunciation, panaˈʝia, also, transliterated, panaghia, panajia, medieval, modern, greek, titles, mary, mother, jesus, used, especially, eastern, cath. For other uses see Panagia disambiguation Panagia Greek Panagia fem of panagios pan hagios the All Holy or the Most Holy pronounced Greek pronunciation panaˈʝia also transliterated Panaghia or Panajia in Medieval and Modern Greek is one of the titles of Mary mother of Jesus used especially in Eastern Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity 13th century Great Panagia from Yaroslavl Most Greek churches dedicated to the Virgin Mary are called Panagia the standard western Christian designation of St Mary is rarely used in the Orthodox East as Mary is considered the holiest of all created beings and therefore of higher status than the saints Contents 1 Iconography 2 Vestment 3 Blessed bread 4 Names 5 References 6 External linksIconography editMain article Our Lady of the Sign Panagia is also the term for a particular type of icon of the Theotokos wherein she is facing the viewer directly usually depicted full length with her hands in the orans position and with a medallion showing the image of Christ as a child in front of her chest 1 This medallion symbolically represents Jesus within the womb of the Virgin Mary at the moment of the Incarnation This type of icon is also called the Platytera Greek Platytera literally wider or more spacious poetically by containing the Creator of the Universe in her womb Mary has become Platytera ton ouranon Platytera tῶn Oyranῶn more spacious than the Heavens This type is also sometimes called the Virgin of the Sign or Our Lady of the Sign citation needed a reference to Isaiah 7 14 Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign Behold a virgin shall conceive and bear a son and shall call his name Immanuel Such an image is often placed on the inside of the apse which rises directly over the altar of Orthodox churches 2 In contrast with standard religious mosaics which usually have gold backgrounds the Platytera is often depicted on a dark blue background sometimes dotted with gold stars a reference to the Heavens As with most Orthodox icons of Mary the letters MR 8Y short for MHTHR 8EOY Mother of God are usually placed on the upper left and right of the halo of the Virgin Mary citation needed Vestment edit nbsp 18th century Byzantine style bronze panagia from Jerusalem This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Panagia news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2021 Learn how and when to remove this message By extension of this last sense a panagia is an engolpion with an icon of the Theotokos worn by an Orthodox bishop They can be very simple 3 or extremely elaborate 4 depending on the personal taste of the particular bishop nbsp Saint Patriarch Tikhon in monastic habit with panagia and engolpion of Jesus When an Orthodox bishop is vested for the Divine Liturgy or another service he wears a panagia and a pectoral cross over his other vestments 5 The primate of an autocephalous church when fully vested wears a panagia a pectoral cross and an engolpion of Jesus 6 Bishops of all ranks when not vested will usually wear the panagia alone over their riassa 7 cassock this is often the detail that to the casual observer distinguishes a bishop from a priest or a monk The panagia is usually oval in shape and crowned with a depiction of an Eastern mitre Sometimes bishops will wear a panagia which is either square see picture right or shaped like a Byzantine double headed eagle this latter is especially true of Greek bishops When the bishop is vested before the Divine Liturgy the panagia is presented to him on a tray He blesses it with both hands and the subdeacons bring it to him to kiss and place the panagia around his neck while the protodeacon swings the censer and says the following prayer May God create a clean heart in thee and renew a right spirit within thee always now and ever and unto the ages of ages Amen After the liturgy when the bishop takes the panagia off to unvest he crosses himself kisses the panagia and places it on the Holy Table altar After unvesting and putting on his outer riassa he blesses the panagia crosses himself again and puts it on before exiting through the Holy Doors to bless the faithful Blessed bread edit nbsp The particles placed on the diskos during the Divine Liturgy The large cube is the Lamb the triangle to the left is the particle for the Theotokos taken out of the Panagia Panagia may also refer to a prosphoron Ἄrtos ths Panagias Artos tes Panagias Bread of the All Holy which is solemnly blessed in honor of the Theotokos during the Divine Liturgy see Prosphora for details From this loaf a large triangle in honour of the Theotokos is cut and placed on the diskos paten during the Liturgy of Preparation The remainder of the loaf is blessed over the Holy Table altar during the hymn Axion Estin just before the blessing of the antidoron The priest makes the Sign of the Cross with the Panagia over the Sacred Mysteries consecrated Body and Blood of Christ as he says Great is the name of the Holy Trinity citation needed In some monasteries there is a special rite ceremony called the Lifting of the Panagia which takes place in the trapeza refectory After the dismissal of the Liturgy a triangular portion is cut from the prosphoron by the refectorian monk in charge of the refectory The Panagia is then cut in half and laid crust downwards on a tray The brethren will go in procession from the catholicon main church to the trapeza and the Panagia is carried on its tray at the head of the procession Once there the Panagia is placed on a table called the Panagiarion citation needed After the meal the refectorian takes off his klobuk epanokamelavkion and kamilavkion and bows to the assembled brethren saying Bless me holy Fathers and pardon me a sinner to which the brotherhood bows and replies May God pardon and have mercy on you Then taking the Panagia in his fingertips he lifts it up while saying Great is the name and then the community continues with of the Holy Trinity The rite then continues with O All holy Mother of God help us with the reply At her prayers O God have mercy and save us Two hymns are then sung while the refectorian accompanied by a cleric with a hand censer offers the Panagia to those assembled Each takes a piece between his finger and thumb passes it through the incense and then consumes it as a blessing 8 Names editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed August 2021 Learn how and when to remove this message From Panagia derive the common Greek given names Panagiota feminine pronunciation Pah nah YAW tah IPA panaˈʝota common diminutives Ghiota Nota and Panagiotis masculine pronunciation Pah nah YAW tees IPA panaˈʝotis common diminutives Panos Notis Both names signify that the person is named in honor of Mary mother of Jesus and consequently their name days are celebrated as if they were named Mary or Marios In the Orthodox world specific icons and churches of the Virgin Mary are often given particular names which reflect certain theological or intercessory aspects of Mary or certain standardised depictions in hagiography or peculiarities of the particular church or monastery Some examples of such names in Greek are Angeloktiste Angel Built Bebaia Elpis the Certain Hope Boetheia the Helper Brephokratousa the Infant Holder Chrysopege the Fountain of Gold Deomene the Supplicant Eleousa the Merciful Eleutherotria the Liberator Evangelistria the Bearer of Good News Galatiane or Galatousa the Nurse Giatrissa the Healer Glykophilousa of the Sweet Kiss Gorgoepekoos the Quick To Listen Gregorousa the Vigilant Hagia Skepe the Sacred Protection Hagia Zone the Sacred Girdle Hodegetria the Leader Hypermachos Strategos the Defending General Kataphyge the Safe Haven Megalochare Of Great Grace Myrobletissa the Spring of Myrrh Myrtiotissa of the Myrtles Nerantziotissa in the Bitter Oranges Pantanassa the Queen of All Paraportiane or Portaitissa by the Gate Paregoretria the Giver of Solace Phaneromene the Revealed Pharmakolytria the Deliverer from poison Platytera ton Ouranon the Wider than the Heavens Ponolytria the Deliverer from pain Thalassine of the Sea References edit Great Panagia History of Russian Painting by Boguslawski St Paul s Irvine Archived from the original on Mar 5 2006 Retrieved Dec 25 2022 Orthodox Church in America www oca org Retrieved Dec 25 2022 Orthodox Church in America www oca org Retrieved Dec 25 2022 Press releases Saint Vladimir Orthodox theological seminary Three Hieararchs Chapel Saint Vladimir Orthodox theological seminary OCA photo Archived from the original on Mar 4 2006 Retrieved Dec 25 2022 The oldest known surviving manuscript contain the ritual of the Elevation of the Panagia is found among the manuscripts preserved at Dumbarton Oaks near Washington DC The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity p 368 ISBN 0 631 23203 6 External links edit nbsp Media related to Panagia at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Panagia amp oldid 1210082330, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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