Palace Attendant (Chinese: 侍中; pinyin: shìzhōng)[1] was a title in Imperial China comparable to that of Chief Minister, also known as Grand chancellor or Counselor-in-chief.[2] These are in turn collective terms designating the chief policy maker of the central government in Imperial China. They designated the head of the central government during the Qin and Han dynasties and during the Three Kingdoms period, the "highest official advisor to the Emperor."[2]
History
The term Chief Minister denoted a chancellor (xiangguo, 相國; chengxiang, 丞相)[3][1] in Western Han and Qing. In Western Han, the Chief Minister's lieutenants, da sikong, lyushi dafu (censor-general), da sima and taiwei (respectively, commander and defender-in-chief), were also chief ministers. In Easter Han it nominally denoted a situ (chancellor), sikong (censor-general), and taiwei (defender-in-chief).[1]
In the Six Dynasties period the term Chief Minister denoted several holders of power serving as top administrators. Among them are zhongshun jian (inspector general of the Secretariat), zhongshu ling (President of the Secretariat), shizhong (palace attendant), and shangshu ling and puye (president and vice-president of the Department of State Affairs). During the Tang dynasty and the Sui dynasty, the Three Departments' chiefs were "chief ministers by default," though during the Sui unofficial, "de facto" chief ministers were appointed as well.[1]
The status and functions of Shizong underwent great changes. It designated a close minister serving the Emperor.[4]
^ ab"Chinese History chengxiang 丞相 "Counselor-in-chief"". chinaknowledge.de. Archived from the original on 30 June 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
^J. Barbieri Low, Anthony; Yates, Robin D.S. (2015). Law, State, and Society in Early Imperial China (2 Vols): A Study with Critical Edition and Translation of the Legal Texts from Zhangjiashan Tomb No. 247. Vol. Section 3.26 “Statutes on Salaries” (Zhi lü 秩律). Brill. ISBN9789004292833.
^Zhongguo da bai ke quan shu chu ban she. Bian ji bu (1982). Zhongguo da bai ke quan shu Volume 36, Part 1. Zhongguo da bai ke quan shu chu ban she (via University of Virginia). p. 148.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
July 30, 2023
palace, attendant, chinese, 侍中, pinyin, shìzhōng, title, imperial, china, comparable, that, chief, minister, also, known, grand, chancellor, counselor, chief, these, turn, collective, terms, designating, chief, policy, maker, central, government, imperial, chi. Palace Attendant Chinese 侍中 pinyin shizhōng 1 was a title in Imperial China comparable to that of Chief Minister also known as Grand chancellor or Counselor in chief 2 These are in turn collective terms designating the chief policy maker of the central government in Imperial China They designated the head of the central government during the Qin and Han dynasties and during the Three Kingdoms period the highest official advisor to the Emperor 2 History EditThe term Chief Minister denoted a chancellor xiangguo 相國 chengxiang 丞相 3 1 in Western Han and Qing In Western Han the Chief Minister s lieutenants da sikong lyushi dafu censor general da sima and taiwei respectively commander and defender in chief were also chief ministers In Easter Han it nominally denoted a situ chancellor sikong censor general and taiwei defender in chief 1 In the Six Dynasties period the term Chief Minister denoted several holders of power serving as top administrators Among them are zhongshun jian inspector general of the Secretariat zhongshu ling President of the Secretariat shizhong palace attendant and shangshu ling and puye president and vice president of the Department of State Affairs During the Tang dynasty and the Sui dynasty the Three Departments chiefs were chief ministers by default though during the Sui unofficial de facto chief ministers were appointed as well 1 The status and functions of Shizong underwent great changes It designated a close minister serving the Emperor 4 Notable Shizhong EditLu Wan died 194 BC Western Han dynasty Wei Qing died 106 BC Western Han dynasty Chen Qian 522 566 Chen dynasty Chen Shubao 553 604 Chen dynasty Lu Pi died 461 Northern Wei dynasty Yuan Xie died 508 Northern Wei dynastyReferences Edit a b c d Cunrui Xiong Victor 2017 Historical Dictionary of Medieval China Rowman amp Littlefield Publishers p 100 ISBN 9781442276161 a b Chinese History chengxiang 丞相 Counselor in chief chinaknowledge de Archived from the original on 30 June 2013 Retrieved 22 May 2021 J Barbieri Low Anthony Yates Robin D S 2015 Law State and Society in Early Imperial China 2 Vols A Study with Critical Edition and Translation of the Legal Texts from Zhangjiashan Tomb No 247 Vol Section 3 26 Statutes on Salaries Zhi lu 秩律 Brill ISBN 9789004292833 Zhongguo da bai ke quan shu chu ban she Bian ji bu 1982 Zhongguo da bai ke quan shu Volume 36 Part 1 Zhongguo da bai ke quan shu chu ban she via University of Virginia p 148 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint uses authors parameter link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Palace Attendant amp oldid 1146528527, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
