PackBot is a series of military robots by Endeavor Robotics (previously by iRobot[1]), an international robotics company founded in 2016, created from iRobot, that previously produced military robots since 1990. More than 2000 were used in Iraq and Afghanistan.[2] They were also used to aid searching through the debris of the World Trade Center after 9/11 in 2001.[3] Another instance of the PackBot technology being implemented was to the damaged Fukushima nuclear plant after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami where they were the first to assess the site.[4] As of November 2014, the U.S. Army is refurbishing 224 iRobot 510 robots.[5] The PackBot technology is also used in collaboration with NASA for their rovers and probes.
PackBot being demonstrated by the French militaryA PackBot used in explosive ordnance disposal training with US and Saudi Arabian forces in 2021
1998 – iRobot establishes a DARPA contract leading to the PackBot.
2001 – iRobot PackBot used to search World Trade Center ruins after the 9/11 attacks.
2002 – PackBot first deployed to aid United States Troops.
iRobot International PackBot ordersedit
February 2011 iRobot released confirmation of a deal totaling $4.4 million for the first quarter of 2011 for the manufacturing of 27 PackBot 510's and spare parts to accompany them.[6] In 2010, the industrial division of iRobot accumulated $13.2 million in revenue for international orders for PackBot alone in more than 25 countries.[6] In September 2014, iRobot secured a deal with the Canadian Department of National Defense (DND). The contract was for the delivery of PackBot reconnaissance, chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear systems. The contract was priced at $9.6 million and includes the training of military personnel to operate the equipment, as well as lifetime repairs and technical support.[7] PackBots have also been used in non-military operations. In 2014 the Brazilian government received an order of 30 PackBots. The robots were used for security purposes during the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the deal totaled $7.2 million in order to police the twelve host cities during the soccer matches.[8] To date, iRobot has delivered upwards of 5000 different robots including PackBots internationally.[7]
NASA and PackBotsedit
The National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) has a partnership with the company, iRobot. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a facility responsible for the development of robotic space-crafts as well as the Deep Space Network.[9] Among these space-crafts are the rovers sent to the planet Mars. The rovers Spirit and Opportunity sent to Mars in 2003 are just two of the rovers managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Mars is not the only place employing iRobot technology. In 2011, Japan was rocked by a strong earthquake causing a meltdown of the Fukushima nuclear reactor. Two PackBot rovers were deployed into the ruins of the nuclear power plant to assess damage, where the radioactivity was at high enough levels to prohibit humans from exploring.
The projects involving the cooperation of iRobot and NASA allowed the creation of high-tech machines. The much-needed physical structure of the robots was designed by iRobot, while the instruments and science equipment on board was provided by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[10]
Current PackBot 510 variantsedit
A U.S. Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technician trains on iRobot's PCC, one of the remote control operation devices used to operate the Packbot.
PackBot 510 is the current base model. It uses a videogame-style hand controller to make it more familiar to young operators.
PackBot 510 with Fast Tactical Maneuvering Kit designed for infantry troops tasked with improvised explosive device inspection. This is a lighter weight robot.
PackBot 510 with First Responder Kit, designed to help SWAT teams and other first responders with situational awareness.
PackBot 510 with HazMat Detection Kit collects air samples to detect chemical and radiological agents.
PackBot 510 with Fido utilizes the Fido Explosives Detector from ICx Technologies as a payload in order to "sniff" out explosive materials. With the Fido, the PackBot now has the capability of locating explosive devices and subsequently disarming them using onboard robotic capabilities.[11]
PackBot 510 with REDOWL Sniper Detection Kit utilizes the Acoustic Direction Finder from BioMimetic Systems to localize gunshots with azimuth, elevation, and range.[12]
RC2 – U.S. Marine Corps version of the 510 PackBot with a longer and stronger arm, more cameras, communications variations, and better track propulsion.[13]
Performanceedit
PackBot 510 has a maximum speed of 5.8 mph or 9.3 km/h, and weighs 31.6 lbs. or 14.3 kg.[14] The robot can traverse mud, rocks, stairs, and other surfaces due to its caterpillar track.[15] The robot also has zero radius turn capability, and can climb up to a 60 degree incline. The dual BB-2590/U Li-ion rechargeable batteries allow for the robot to have a run time of 4 to 8 hours. Adaptive Materials Inc. (AMI) has created a power pod battery capable of extending the life of the PackBot. The power pod weighs 6 kg(13 lbs) and allows for extension of battery life to reach 12 hours.[16] It can maneuver in up to 3 feet of water.[15] PackBot has more than 40 accessories, which are illustrated in PackBot 510 variants. Additionally, the robot can communicate up to 1000 meters or 3281 feet, and captures information through four cameras with night vision, zoom, and illumination capabilities that allow for real time image processing.[14]
Previous variantsedit
A U.S. Navy Sailor assigned to an explosive ordnance disposal team poses beside a PackBot.
PackBot Scout is the basic configuration. It has five payload bays for assignable purposes and can be dropped from a height of six feet (1.83m) onto concrete without being damaged. The Packbot scout version weighs about 40 pounds (18 kg).[17]
PackBot Explorer Carries an integrated payload which can be elevated to allow peeking over obstacles or cover. Payload has a camera head equipped with multiple cameras, laser pointers, audio and other sensors.[17]
The Explorer variant, was used to explore the debris of the World Trade Center after the attack on 9/11 in search of victims and assessing the structural integrity of the debris by sending back images.[3]
PackBot EOD (explosive-ordnance disposal) can be controlled by radio, or via a multimode Fibre Optic cable spool mounted on the robot. The Fibre Optic cable option is used in situations involving potential radio signal-triggered explosive devices, thereby reducing the risk of personal injury.[17]
Deploymentedit
The main use of the Packbot in the field is IED detection and defusing. The Packbot Scout was the first deployment of the Packbot and was sent to Afghanistan in 2002 to explore caves and bunkers.[18] This model was the simplest Packbot which contained just a robotic arm and camera.[18] As of 2007 Packbots have been deployed to aid in the detection of sniper fire in the Middle East. Acoustic signatures detected by the robot allow ground troops to pinpoint sniper fire in battle.[18] Packbot has also been used to explore buildings and other possibly dangerous areas with the modified light Packbot Explorer, which only weighs 30 pounds and is faster than the Packbot 510.[18] In addition, iRobot sent two Packbot 510 robots to Japan after the tsunami and earthquake destroyed Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. The robot was used on several reconnaissance missions at the power plant to remove debris and measure radiation readings.
^Michael, Katina; Michael, M.G. (2014). "The Packbots Are Coming: Boosting security at the 2014 FIFA World Cup". IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine. 3 (3): 59. doi:10.1109/MCE.2014.2317914. S2CID 22007977.
Website of Endeavor Robotics, the manufacturer of the PackBot 2016-11-05 at the Wayback Machine
PackBot details in manufacturer website. 2019-07-01 at the Wayback Machine
January 01, 1970
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PackBot is a series of military robots by Endeavor Robotics previously by iRobot 1 an international robotics company founded in 2016 created from iRobot that previously produced military robots since 1990 More than 2000 were used in Iraq and Afghanistan 2 They were also used to aid searching through the debris of the World Trade Center after 9 11 in 2001 3 Another instance of the PackBot technology being implemented was to the damaged Fukushima nuclear plant after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami where they were the first to assess the site 4 As of November 2014 the U S Army is refurbishing 224 iRobot 510 robots 5 The PackBot technology is also used in collaboration with NASA for their rovers and probes PackBot being demonstrated by the French military A PackBot used in explosive ordnance disposal training with US and Saudi Arabian forces in 2021 Contents 1 Brief history 2 iRobot International PackBot orders 3 NASA and PackBots 4 Current PackBot 510 variants 5 Performance 6 Previous variants 7 Deployment 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksBrief history edit1998 iRobot establishes a DARPA contract leading to the PackBot 2001 iRobot PackBot used to search World Trade Center ruins after the 9 11 attacks 2002 PackBot first deployed to aid United States Troops iRobot International PackBot orders editFebruary 2011 iRobot released confirmation of a deal totaling 4 4 million for the first quarter of 2011 for the manufacturing of 27 PackBot 510 s and spare parts to accompany them 6 In 2010 the industrial division of iRobot accumulated 13 2 million in revenue for international orders for PackBot alone in more than 25 countries 6 In September 2014 iRobot secured a deal with the Canadian Department of National Defense DND The contract was for the delivery of PackBot reconnaissance chemical biological radiological and nuclear systems The contract was priced at 9 6 million and includes the training of military personnel to operate the equipment as well as lifetime repairs and technical support 7 PackBots have also been used in non military operations In 2014 the Brazilian government received an order of 30 PackBots The robots were used for security purposes during the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the deal totaled 7 2 million in order to police the twelve host cities during the soccer matches 8 To date iRobot has delivered upwards of 5000 different robots including PackBots internationally 7 NASA and PackBots editThe National Aeronautic and Space Administration NASA has a partnership with the company iRobot NASA s Jet Propulsion Laboratory JPL is a facility responsible for the development of robotic space crafts as well as the Deep Space Network 9 Among these space crafts are the rovers sent to the planet Mars The rovers Spirit and Opportunity sent to Mars in 2003 are just two of the rovers managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Mars is not the only place employing iRobot technology In 2011 Japan was rocked by a strong earthquake causing a meltdown of the Fukushima nuclear reactor Two PackBot rovers were deployed into the ruins of the nuclear power plant to assess damage where the radioactivity was at high enough levels to prohibit humans from exploring The projects involving the cooperation of iRobot and NASA allowed the creation of high tech machines The much needed physical structure of the robots was designed by iRobot while the instruments and science equipment on board was provided by NASA s Jet Propulsion Laboratory 10 Current PackBot 510 variants edit nbsp A U S Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technician trains on iRobot s PCC one of the remote control operation devices used to operate the Packbot PackBot 510 is the current base model It uses a videogame style hand controller to make it more familiar to young operators PackBot 510 with EOD Bomb Disposal Kit designed for improvised explosive device identification and disposal PackBot 510 with Fast Tactical Maneuvering Kit designed for infantry troops tasked with improvised explosive device inspection This is a lighter weight robot PackBot 510 with First Responder Kit designed to help SWAT teams and other first responders with situational awareness PackBot 510 with HazMat Detection Kit collects air samples to detect chemical and radiological agents PackBot 510 with Fido utilizes the Fido Explosives Detector from ICx Technologies as a payload in order to sniff out explosive materials With the Fido the PackBot now has the capability of locating explosive devices and subsequently disarming them using onboard robotic capabilities 11 PackBot 510 with REDOWL Sniper Detection Kit utilizes the Acoustic Direction Finder from BioMimetic Systems to localize gunshots with azimuth elevation and range 12 RC2 U S Marine Corps version of the 510 PackBot with a longer and stronger arm more cameras communications variations and better track propulsion 13 Performance editPackBot 510 has a maximum speed of 5 8 mph or 9 3 km h and weighs 31 6 lbs or 14 3 kg 14 The robot can traverse mud rocks stairs and other surfaces due to its caterpillar track 15 The robot also has zero radius turn capability and can climb up to a 60 degree incline The dual BB 2590 U Li ion rechargeable batteries allow for the robot to have a run time of 4 to 8 hours Adaptive Materials Inc AMI has created a power pod battery capable of extending the life of the PackBot The power pod weighs 6 kg 13 lbs and allows for extension of battery life to reach 12 hours 16 It can maneuver in up to 3 feet of water 15 PackBot has more than 40 accessories which are illustrated in PackBot 510 variants Additionally the robot can communicate up to 1000 meters or 3281 feet and captures information through four cameras with night vision zoom and illumination capabilities that allow for real time image processing 14 Previous variants edit nbsp A U S Navy Sailor assigned to an explosive ordnance disposal team poses beside a PackBot PackBot Scout is the basic configuration It has five payload bays for assignable purposes and can be dropped from a height of six feet 1 83m onto concrete without being damaged The Packbot scout version weighs about 40 pounds 18 kg 17 PackBot Explorer Carries an integrated payload which can be elevated to allow peeking over obstacles or cover Payload has a camera head equipped with multiple cameras laser pointers audio and other sensors 17 The Explorer variant was used to explore the debris of the World Trade Center after the attack on 9 11 in search of victims and assessing the structural integrity of the debris by sending back images 3 PackBot EOD explosive ordnance disposal can be controlled by radio or via a multimode Fibre Optic cable spool mounted on the robot The Fibre Optic cable option is used in situations involving potential radio signal triggered explosive devices thereby reducing the risk of personal injury 17 Deployment editThe main use of the Packbot in the field is IED detection and defusing The Packbot Scout was the first deployment of the Packbot and was sent to Afghanistan in 2002 to explore caves and bunkers 18 This model was the simplest Packbot which contained just a robotic arm and camera 18 As of 2007 Packbots have been deployed to aid in the detection of sniper fire in the Middle East Acoustic signatures detected by the robot allow ground troops to pinpoint sniper fire in battle 18 Packbot has also been used to explore buildings and other possibly dangerous areas with the modified light Packbot Explorer which only weighs 30 pounds and is faster than the Packbot 510 18 In addition iRobot sent two Packbot 510 robots to Japan after the tsunami and earthquake destroyed Japan s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant The robot was used on several reconnaissance missions at the power plant to remove debris and measure radiation readings See also editMilitary robot Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle Foster Miller TALON Mobile RobotReferences edit Endeavor Robotics endeavorrobotics com Archived from the original on 2019 07 01 Retrieved 2019 07 01 iRobot Delivers 3 000th PackBot Archived from the original on July 24 2011 a b Sutter John D How 9 11 inspired a new era of robotics CNN Retrieved 2016 11 08 Nakata Hiroko 2012 01 06 Domestic robots failed to ride to rescue after No 1 plant blew The Japan Times Retrieved January 9 2012 US Army Works Toward Single Ground Robot Defensenews com 15 November 2014 a b iRobot Announces International PackBot Orders Technology Business Journal 3409 22 February 2011 ISSN 1945 8398 a b Canadian DND orders iRobot 510 PackBot CBRN robots Army technology 2014 09 10 Michael Katina Michael M G 2014 The Packbots Are Coming Boosting security at the 2014 FIFA World Cup IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 3 3 59 doi 10 1109 MCE 2014 2317914 S2CID 22007977 About JPL www jpl nasa gov Retrieved 2016 12 04 NASA NASA Technology Looks Inside Japan s Nuclear Reactor www nasa gov Retrieved 2016 11 14 R amp D command seeks better coordination of research Archived from the original on 2007 02 28 Retrieved 2007 01 08 IRobot Corporation RedOwl Sniper Detection Kit Archived from the original on 2008 09 15 Retrieved 2009 03 09 Marines happily recycle Army bots Archived 2014 06 02 at the Wayback Machine MarineCorpstimes com 19 April 2014 a b Endeavor Robotics PDF a b iRobot 510 PackBot Multi Mission Robot United States of America AMI demos UGV power pod on i Robot Pack Bot Fuel Cells Bulletin 2009 11 4 2009 doi 10 1016 S1464 2859 09 70350 5 a b c PackBot Tactical Robot defense update com Archived from the original on 2016 12 04 Retrieved 2016 12 09 a b c d Morris Jefferson February 24 2006 iRobot s Dyer missions multiplying for PackBot Aerospace Daily amp Defense Report 217 36 1 ProQuest 231479855 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to PackBot Howstuffworks website about the PackBot Website of Endeavor Robotics the manufacturer of the PackBot Archived 2016 11 05 at the Wayback Machine PackBot details in manufacturer website Archived 2019 07 01 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title PackBot amp oldid 1217550854, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
